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Articles 2431 - 2460 of 4026

Full-Text Articles in Structural Engineering

Direct Strength Design Of Cold-Formed C-Sections In Combined Bending And Shear, Cao Hung Pham, Gregory J. Hancock Nov 2010

Direct Strength Design Of Cold-Formed C-Sections In Combined Bending And Shear, Cao Hung Pham, Gregory J. Hancock

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The paper describes a research program including tests on both plain C- and SupaCee ® purlin sections in combined bending and shear, and bending only. The high strength SupaCee ® profile steel sections contain additional return lips and web stiffeners which enhance the bending and shear capacity of the sections. They are used widely in Austra lia as purlins in roof and wall systems. The tests were performed at the University of Sydney with and without straps on the flange and thus allowed distortional buckling in the latter case. Design methods for these sections are normally specified in the Australian/New …


On The Direct Strength Design Of Continuous Cold-Formed Steel Beams, Cilmar Basaglia, Dinar Camotim Nov 2010

On The Direct Strength Design Of Continuous Cold-Formed Steel Beams, Cilmar Basaglia, Dinar Camotim

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The work reported in this paper concerns an ongoing investigation aimed at developing an efficient methodology to design continuous cold-formed steel beams failing in modes that combine local, distortional and global features. At this stage, it is intended to assess how accurately can the load-carrying capacity of lipped channel continuous (two and three-span) beams subjected to non-uniform bending be predicted by means of the current Direct Strength Method (DSM) design curves. “Exact” ultimate strength values yielded by geometrically and materially non-linear shell finite element analyses are compared with estimates provided by the DSM equations and, on the basis of this …


Cross-Aisle Stiffness Tests On Rack Upright Frames, S. R. Sajja, R. G. Beale, M. H. R. Godley Nov 2010

Cross-Aisle Stiffness Tests On Rack Upright Frames, S. R. Sajja, R. G. Beale, M. H. R. Godley

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The US Rack Manufacturers Institution (RMI) code uses a theoretical formula derived by Timoshenko and the new Eurocode EN15512 requires testing. There is a considerable difference in the stiffn ess values determined by two approaches. This paper describes the experiments conducted on 80 full sized upright frames at Oxford Brookes University varying upright size, number of panels in the frame, aspect ratio of the panel (panel length/depth), restraints at the intermediate nodes of the frame, loading pattern, lacing pattern (channels back to back or front to front) and bolt tightness. The experimental data reported can be used in proposing revised …


Frame Analysis And Design Of Industrial Cold-Formed Steel Racks, Teoman Pekoz, Ali Karakaplan, Ali Koç Nov 2010

Frame Analysis And Design Of Industrial Cold-Formed Steel Racks, Teoman Pekoz, Ali Karakaplan, Ali Koç

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Industrial cold-formed steel racks have semi-rigid joints between the columns and beams. Frame analysis of such structures call for special considerations that are studied in this paper. The current design approach uses a linear idealization of the moment-rotation relation relationship based on an empirically decided secant to the nonlinear moment rotation curve. This study presents a refined analytical approach to the analysis such frames using the state-of-art finite elemen t based nonlinear analysis program LARSA 4D. Parametric studies are carri ed out to obtain an accurate design approach for usin g computer programs that treat linear moment-rotation relationships.


Angle Cleat Base Connections, M. Dundu, S. Maphosa Nov 2010

Angle Cleat Base Connections, M. Dundu, S. Maphosa

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Tests, performed on base connections fabricated from cold-formed channels and hot-rolled angle cleats, are presented in this paper. This research is part of an on- going research to develop portal frames made out of cold-formed steel. The base connections are subjected to an axial load and moment. Hot-rolled angle cleats are used to prevent premature failing of the base connections. Several loading configurations are considered and these are dependent on the eccentricity of the load. In all the tests the cold-formed channels failed by local buckling. A significant amount of bearing distortion was observed in the heavily loaded flange. The …


Cold-Formed Steel For Students A Website, Roger A. Laboube, C. M. Stratman Nov 2010

Cold-Formed Steel For Students A Website, Roger A. Laboube, C. M. Stratman

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.


Performance Of Knee-Braced Cold-Formed Steel Shear Walls Subjected To Lateral Cyclic Loading, Mehran Zeynalian Dastjerdi, Hamid Reza Ronagh Nov 2010

Performance Of Knee-Braced Cold-Formed Steel Shear Walls Subjected To Lateral Cyclic Loading, Mehran Zeynalian Dastjerdi, Hamid Reza Ronagh

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Light weight Steel Framed structures currently in use in Australia, are normally braced using face mounted thin straps, cross braces that are of the same shape as studs, or compressed cement boards screwed to the face of the walls. While these are found adequate in low seismic regions of Australia, an investigation into the earthquake resistance properties of LSF have led authors to investigate alternative bracing types that may present a more favourable ductility. Knee braces that are specially designed for this purpose are introduced in the paper and studied in a specially designed testing rig. The tests are on …


Impact Of Corner Radius On Cold-Formed Steel Member Strength, V. Zeinoddini, B. W. Schafer Nov 2010

Impact Of Corner Radius On Cold-Formed Steel Member Strength, V. Zeinoddini, B. W. Schafer

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The objectives of this paper are to expl ore (a) how corners of cold-formed steel members are included or ignored in current design methods, and (b) the effectiveness of recent proposals for modifying the strength prediction for local buckling to account for corners. The imp act of round corners is examined on the behavior and strength of isolated elements and on full members using material and geometric nonlinear collapse analysis with shell finite elements in ABAQUS. Comparisons between the available methods and the nonlinear finite element analysis are completed to explore the regimes in which the methods are accurate, as …


Cold Formed Steel Tension Members With Two And Three Staggered Bolts, D. M. Fox, R. M. Schuster Nov 2010

Cold Formed Steel Tension Members With Two And Three Staggered Bolts, D. M. Fox, R. M. Schuster

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The second edition of the North American Specification for the Design of Cold Formed Steel Structural Members was published in October of 2007 for use in Canada, Mexico, and the United States. This Specification contains two country specific a ppe ndices, namely Appendix A (ANSI/AISI S100- 07) for use in the US and Mexico and Appendix B (CSA S136- 07) for use in Canada. Both Appendix A and B require that a bolt stagger reduction factor of 0.90 be used when calculating the tearing failure strength [resistance] of a cold formed steel member in tension with staggered bolts. This 10% …


Single Shear Bolted Connection Tests Of G500 1.20mm Thin Sheet Steel At Elevated Temperatures, Shu Yan, Ben Young Nov 2010

Single Shear Bolted Connection Tests Of G500 1.20mm Thin Sheet Steel At Elevated Temperatures, Shu Yan, Ben Young

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The current design rules on bolted connections of thin sheet steels for cold-formed steel structures are applicable for ambient temperature condition only. Research on such kind of connections at high temperatures is limited. In this study, 47 single shear bolted connection specimens fabricated from G500 1.20mm thin sheet steel and 9 coupon specimens were conducted by using steady state test method in the temperature range from 22ºC to 900ºC. Two failure modes were observed in the single shear bolted connection tests, namely the net section tension, and bearing . The test results were compared with the predicted values calculated from …


Strength Prediction Model For Power Acutated Fasteners Connecting Steel Members In Tension And Shear-North American Applications, J. R. Ubejd Mujagic, Perry S. Green, William G. Gould Nov 2010

Strength Prediction Model For Power Acutated Fasteners Connecting Steel Members In Tension And Shear-North American Applications, J. R. Ubejd Mujagic, Perry S. Green, William G. Gould

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Power-actuated fasteners (PAFs), also referred to as pins, are small nail-like or threaded stud t ype connectors. They can be used in conjunction with several materials and in a number of different applications. Typical applications in steel include attachments of deck sh eeting or diaphragms, architectural or mechanical components, or miscellaneous support brackets or connections to supporting steel members. Traditionally, the design strength of the connections featuring power-actuated fasteners has been determined through standardized testing protocols. In the United States, this protocol is embodied in the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard E 1190. The purpose of this …


Study On The Behavior Of Cold-Formed Steel Angle Tension Members, R. Padmapriya, S. Kandasamy Nov 2010

Study On The Behavior Of Cold-Formed Steel Angle Tension Members, R. Padmapriya, S. Kandasamy

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Cold-formed steel tension members with bolted end connections are frequently used in a variety of structures such as trusses, transmission towers etc. Among all the shapes, angles are widely used. When angle sections are connected with gusset plates and eccentrically loaded, their ultimate load- carrying capacity is influenced by the effect of shear lag. This paper presents the details of an experimental and numerical investigation with a primary objective of studying the effect of shear lag on cold-formed steel single and double angles subjected to tension. Seventy-two single plain and lipped angles made from thicknesses 2,3 and 4 mm connected …


Test And Finite Element Analysis On Distortional Buckling Of Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Steel Lipped Channel Columns, Xingyou Yao, Yanli Guo, Zhiguang Huang Nov 2010

Test And Finite Element Analysis On Distortional Buckling Of Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Steel Lipped Channel Columns, Xingyou Yao, Yanli Guo, Zhiguang Huang

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

High-strength cold-formed thin-walled steel sections have been widely used in the recent several years. However, distortional buckli ng or interaction between it and local buckling can occur for high strength cold-formed thin- walled steel members. This paper desc ribes a series of compression tests performed on lipped channel section columns with V-shape intermediate stiffener in the web and flanges fabricated from cold-formed high strength steel of thickness 0.48 and 0.6mm with nominal yield stress 550MPa. The lipped channel sections were tested to failure with both ends of the columns fixed. The test results of 16 specimens show that the local …


Experimental Evaluation Of A Vehicular Access Door Subjected To Hurricane Force Wind Pressures, Tian Gao, Christopher D. Moen Nov 2010

Experimental Evaluation Of A Vehicular Access Door Subjected To Hurricane Force Wind Pressures, Tian Gao, Christopher D. Moen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper describes an experimental study of a rolling sheet door under uniform positive and negative pressure, i.e. wind pushing the door into the building and wind suction pulling the door out of the building. Rolling sheet vehicular access doors are a commonly provided feature in metal building systems. The edges of the door slide freely during regular usage in tracks connected to cold-formed steel jambs. During an extreme wind event, the door engages the jambs with wind locks distributed along both vertical edges of the door to prevent excessive out-of-plane deformation. The goal of the study was to measure …


Experimental Investigation On 6 Feet Wide Cold-Formed Steel Framed Shear Walls With Steel Sheet Sheathing, Cheng Yu, Yujie Chen Nov 2010

Experimental Investigation On 6 Feet Wide Cold-Formed Steel Framed Shear Walls With Steel Sheet Sheathing, Cheng Yu, Yujie Chen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

An AISI sponsored research project on the performance of 6 feet wide cold- formed steel (CFS) framed shear walls with single sided steel sheet sheathing is recently completed at the Un iversity of North Texas. This research project is aimed at determining the required seismic detailing for 6 feet wide 8 feet high CFS shear walls using two steel sheets, one is 4 feet wide, and the other is 2 feet wide. Both monotonic and cyclic tests are conducted and various parameters in the framing and sheathing details are considered in the test program. Those parameters include framing member thickne …


Innovative Damage Control Systems Using Replaceable Energy Dissipating Steel Fuses For Cold-Formed Steel Structures, Fuminobu Ozaki, Yoshimichi Kawai, Hiroshi Tanaka, Tadayoshi Okada, Ryoichi Kanno Nov 2010

Innovative Damage Control Systems Using Replaceable Energy Dissipating Steel Fuses For Cold-Formed Steel Structures, Fuminobu Ozaki, Yoshimichi Kawai, Hiroshi Tanaka, Tadayoshi Okada, Ryoichi Kanno

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper describes the development of innovative seismic technologies for cold-formed steel structures; a rocking steel shear wall system with replaceable energy dissipating steel fuses for low rise housing units. In this system, the fuses are placed at the base of a folded-steel sheet wall connecting an anchor bolt and the steel sheet wall. It is designed so that most of the earthquake energy can be dissipated by plastic deformation of the fuse elements, while the shear wall remains intact and resists vertical and horizontal forces caused by large earthquakes. As expected in seismic events, the fuses at the base …


Shear Behaviors Of Light-Gauge Composite Walls Under Monotonic And Cyclic Loading, Yuangqi Li, Fei Liu, Zuyan Shen, Xingyou Yao Nov 2010

Shear Behaviors Of Light-Gauge Composite Walls Under Monotonic And Cyclic Loading, Yuangqi Li, Fei Liu, Zuyan Shen, Xingyou Yao

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Shear properties of cold-formed thin-walled steel composite walls are af- fected by many factors, including the section of light-gauge studs, the space of self-drilling screws, the panel on both sides of wall, the distribution of hold down device, etc, which makes it is difficult to estimate the shear strength. In this paper, twelve Q345 light-gauge composite wall specimens with a dimension of 2400mm wide and 3000mm high were designed for shear capacity test. Two kinds of panel combination in the specimens were considered, one is gypsum board on one side and OSB board on another side, the other is gypsum …


Some Aspects On Seismic Design On Frames Designed With Cold Formed Steel Shapes, Gabriel Valencia Nov 2010

Some Aspects On Seismic Design On Frames Designed With Cold Formed Steel Shapes, Gabriel Valencia

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The response of cold-formed steel structures to seismic excitations is not the same as that of structures designed with rolled shapes, in fact, the seismic design codes require that the shapes, meet minimum width/thickness ratios, which virtually no commercial cold formed steel shapes meet, so the design of structures with these elements is excluded from those codes. Different types of beam- to -column connections, made using cold-formed steel shapes have been tested, in order to establish their response to cyclic loads of increasing magnitude. The analysis of these connections using theoretical models with Finite Element Analysis (FEA), and through monotonic …


Feasibility Study For A Repetitive Member Factor For Cold-Formed Steel Framing Systems, S. Clayton, S. F. Stephens Nov 2010

Feasibility Study For A Repetitive Member Factor For Cold-Formed Steel Framing Systems, S. Clayton, S. F. Stephens

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Cold-formed steel has become a preferred building material for structural framing in many different types of structures, commonly used as repetitive members such as floor joists, roof rafters, roof trusses and wall studs. For wood framed structures with repetitive members, a repetitive member factor increases the allowable bending stress from 1.00 to 1.50 times the reference design value, depending on both the type of material and the type of load. Currently, however, the bending strength of cold-formed steel repetitive members is not permitted to be increased, even though the method of framing is quite similar to that of wood except …


Improvements To The Fire Performance Of Light Gauge Steel Floor Systems, B. Baleshan, M. Mahendran Nov 2010

Improvements To The Fire Performance Of Light Gauge Steel Floor Systems, B. Baleshan, M. Mahendran

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Light gauge steel frame (LSF) struct ures are increasingly used in commercial and residential build ings because of their non- combustibility, dimensional stability and ease of installation. A common application is in floor-ceiling systems. The LSF floor-ceiling systems must be designed to serv e as fire compartment boundaries and provide adequate fire resistance. Fire-rated floor-ceiling assemblies have been increasingly used in buildings. However, limited research has been undertaken in the past and hence a thorough understanding of their fire resistance behaviour is not available. Recently a new composite floor-ceilin g system has been developed to provide higher fire rating. But …


Evaluation Of The Flexural Strength Of Cold-Formed Steel Studs With Embossed Flanges, K. B. Reynolds, S. F. Stephens, Roger A. Laboube Nov 2010

Evaluation Of The Flexural Strength Of Cold-Formed Steel Studs With Embossed Flanges, K. B. Reynolds, S. F. Stephens, Roger A. Laboube

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

New advances and improvements in the manufacture of cold-formed steel shapes are continually being made. One such advancement in the manufacturing of steel studs is flange embossing, a technique used to facilitate the installation of drywall screws into the stud flange. Currently, embossed flanges are not specifically addressed in the North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members (AISI S100), thereby drawing into question the use of current design equations from being used to calculate member properties for an embossed stud. A limited experimental investigation was undertaken to determine if light flange embossing affects the nominal flexural …


Overview Of Recent Changes And Additions To Aisi Standards, Helen Chen, Roger Brockenbrough, Richard Haws Nov 2010

Overview Of Recent Changes And Additions To Aisi Standards, Helen Chen, Roger Brockenbrough, Richard Haws

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Since the publication of the 2007 edit ions of AISI standards, changes and additions have been made to some of the standards. This paper will provide an overview of the majo r revisions to those standards.


Review Of Aisi Design Guide For Cold-Formed Steel Purlin Roof Framing Systems-Component Stiffness Method, Michael W. Seek Nov 2010

Review Of Aisi Design Guide For Cold-Formed Steel Purlin Roof Framing Systems-Component Stiffness Method, Michael W. Seek

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper reviews the Component Stiffness Method for determining anchorage forces in roof systems as presen ted in Chapter 5 of the new AISI Design Guide for Cold-Formed Steel Purlin Roof Framing Systems . The four steps in the general methodology of the component stiffness method are presented. First, the development of forces requiring an chorage in purlin roof systems is discussed. Next, calculation of the stif fness of each of the components of the roof system and the procedure for distributing these forces through the system is presented. The final step, evaluation of the effectiveness of the anchors in …


Steel Roof Deck Diaphragms On Cold-Formed Steel Framing, Thomas Sputo Nov 2010

Steel Roof Deck Diaphragms On Cold-Formed Steel Framing, Thomas Sputo

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.


Cfsei Educating North American Practitioners In Principles Of Cfs Framing Design, W. D. Allen Nov 2010

Cfsei Educating North American Practitioners In Principles Of Cfs Framing Design, W. D. Allen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Educating North American structural engi neers in the principles of cold-formed steel (CFS) design in general, and about CFS framing in particular, has a unique set of challenges. The undergraduate curri cula virtually ignore the subjects, and only a handful of graduate programs address the issue. Several industry associations have existed for engineers, but none specialize in CFS framing. Several organizations existed in the co ld-formed steel framing marketplace, but none were set up to accommodate engi neers. This paper will review the formation, development, growth, and maturation of one such education- and engineer-focused organization within the framework of the …


Screw Connections Subject To Tension Pull-Out And Shear Forces, R. M. Francka, R. A. Laboube Nov 2010

Screw Connections Subject To Tension Pull-Out And Shear Forces, R. M. Francka, R. A. Laboube

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Currently, the behavior of screw connections subject to combined tension pull- out and shear forces is not well understood. An experimental study was conducted at Missouri Un iversity of Science and Technology to better understand the relationship or interac tion between these forces. The test program evaluated four parameters that may influence the behavior of pure tension and pure shear in screw connections: the thickness of the sheet not in contact with the screw head, the ultimate strength of the steel, the ductility of the steel, and the screw diameter. Based on the behavior observed and analysis of the test …


Shear Behavior Of Screw Connections For Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Steel Structures, Yuangqi Li, Xingyou Yao Nov 2010

Shear Behavior Of Screw Connections For Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Steel Structures, Yuangqi Li, Xingyou Yao

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Self-drilling screws are the primary mean s to fasten cold-formed thin-walled steel members in construction. There are several failure modes for shear connections with self-drilling screws, including screw tilting, hole bearing, edge tearing, tensile fracture in net s ection of connected elements and shear fracture of screws. Meanwhile, the “g roup effect” will exist when a large number of screws are used in a shear connection. A series of tests (75 specimens) on single lap shear connections with self-drilling screws has been carried out and the results report ed in this paper. The end distance, screw spacing, pattern of screws …


20th International Specialty Conference: Recent Research And Developments In Cold-Formed Steel Structures, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures Nov 2010

20th International Specialty Conference: Recent Research And Developments In Cold-Formed Steel Structures, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.


Simulation On The Use Of Losat Data For Rice Field Mapping, Bambang H. Trisasongko, Dyah R. Panuju, Boedi Tjahjono, Baba Barus, Hari Wijayanto, Mahmud A. Raimadoya, Irzaman Irzaman Nov 2010

Simulation On The Use Of Losat Data For Rice Field Mapping, Bambang H. Trisasongko, Dyah R. Panuju, Boedi Tjahjono, Baba Barus, Hari Wijayanto, Mahmud A. Raimadoya, Irzaman Irzaman

Makara Journal of Technology

Simulation on the Use of LOSAT Data for Rice Field Mapping. Since the launch of LAPAN-TUBSAT satellite in 2007, Indonesia has been developing mission on earth observation missions for various applications. The next generation mission, called LAPAN-ORARI Satellite (LOSAT), is currently under development and expected to be launched in 2011. In order to facilitate the applications, a thorough assessment of the sensor should be made. This paper presents an examination of simulated LOSAT data for rice monitoring and mapping purposes coupled with QUEST statistical tree. We found that three-band simulated LOSAT data were suitable for the task with reasonably high …


An Empirical Model For Build-Up Of Sodium And Calcium Ions In Small Scale Reverse Osmosis, Subriyer Nasir Nov 2010

An Empirical Model For Build-Up Of Sodium And Calcium Ions In Small Scale Reverse Osmosis, Subriyer Nasir

Makara Journal of Technology

A simple models for predicting build-up of solute on membrane surface were formulated in this paper. The experiments were conducted with secondary effluent, groundwater and simulated feed water in small-scale of RO with capacity of 2000 L/d. Feed water used in the experiments contained varying concentrations of sodium, calcium, combined sodium and calcium. In order to study the effect of sodium and calcium ions on membrane performance, experiments with ground water and secondary effluent wastewater were also performed. Build-up of salts on the membrane surface was calculated by measuring concentrations of sodium and calcium ions in feed water permeate and …