Health and Physical Education Commons^™

Associations Among Elementary School Children’S Actual Motor Competence, Perceived Motor Competence, Physical Activity And Bmi : A Cross-Sectional Study, An V. De Meester, David F. Stodden, Ali S. Brian, Larissa True, Greet Cardon, Isabel Tallir, Leen Haerens

Faculty Publications

Background

Positive associations between motor competence and physical activity have been identified by means of variable-centered analyses. To expand the understanding of these associations, this study used a person-centered approach to investigate whether different combinations (i.e., profiles) of actual and perceived motor competence exist (aim 1); and to examine differences in physical activity levels (aim 2) and weight status (aim 3) among children with different motor competence-based profiles.

Materials and Methods

Children’s (N = 361; 180 boys = 50%; Mage = 9.50±1.24yrs) actual motor competence was measured with the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 and their perceived motor …

3d Anatomy Models And Impact On Learning: A Review Of The Quality Of The Literature, Samy A. Azer, Sarah Azer

Health Professions Education

Background: The aims of this study were to identify studies exploring three-dimensional (3D) anatomy models and their impact on learning, and to assess the quality of research in this area. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Knowledge databases were searched using the following keywords "3D anatomy", "three dimensional anatomy," "3D virtual reality anatomy," "3D VR anatomy," "3D anatomy model, “3D anatomy teaching", and “anatomy learning VR” . Three evaluators independently assessed the quality of research using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI). Results: Of the 94,616 studies identified initially, 30 studies reported data on the impact of …

The Influence Of Peer Feedback On The Acquisition Of Physical-Examination Skills, Bernard Martineau, Sìlvia Mamede, Christina St-Onge, Linda Bergeron

Health Professions Education

Studies have suggested that having students observe peers while acquiring physical-examination (PE) skills fosters the acquisition of the psychomotor skills required to conduct a PE. One difficulty, however, has been to disentangle the effect of peer observation from peer feedback, both of which occur when students learn in groups. This study investigated the influence of peer feedback on learning the neurolocomotor physical exam for low-back pain. 120 second-year medical students were randomly assigned to a peer-feedback group (n¼61) or a no-peer-feedback group (n¼53), during a regular learning activity with a standardized-patient instructor. Students first practised the NLE in groups of …

The Problem With Problems In Problem-Based Learning: Difference Between Problem Explaining Versus Problem Solving, Lisette Wijnia

Health Professions Education

In problem-based learning (PBL), small groups of students are presented with a problem before they receive any other curriculum input on that topic.1,2 Although PBL is a popular educational method in the health professions and other domains, its effectiveness has been heavily debated. An important point of debate is whether or not it is effective to let students engage in problem-solving activities at the start of the learning process with limited prior knowledge.3 According to cognitive load theory (CLT), novice learners always require explicit instruction that explains all the targeted concepts and procedures without a need for learners to infer …

Development And Initial Testing Of An Instrument For Evaluating Needs And Inferring Readiness Of Research Supervisors: A Mixed Methods Approach, Amani Al-Muallem, Margaret Elzubeir, Christopher Roberts, Mohi Magzoub

Health Professions Education

Purpose: Skilled supervisors are crucial to the development of new researchers. A variety of institutional perspectives exist regarding prerequisites for effective research supervision, yet little is known about this subject from perspectives of research supervisors themselves. Mixed methods designs offer the potential to integrate various data collection and analyses procedures to rigorously investigate complex social constructs such research supervision and to design tools to evaluate needs and readiness. The present study aimed to develop and initially test an instrument that explores needs and readiness of research supervisors using an integrative mixed methods design. Methods: Drawing on a blend of socio-cognitive …

The Influence Of Time Pressure And Case Complexity On Physicians' Diagnostic Performance, Dalal A. Alqahtani, Jerome I. Rotgans, Nasr Eldin Ahmed, Ibrahim A. Alalwan, Mohi Eldin M. Magzoub

Health Professions Education

Purpose: Practicing medicine is a cognitively demanding task that consists of the ability to assess the patient, judge the nature of his or her complaints, and make an appropriate diagnosis. A number of factors have the potential to affect the physician's diagnostic performance negatively. Two of these factors are time pressure and case complexity. However, the empirical evidence that supports this negative influence is scant. This study experimentally investigated the effect of time pressure and the complexity of clinical cases on diagnostic accuracy. Method: Thirty-seven senior internal medicine residents participated in this study. These residents were randomly allocated to two …

Problem-Based Learning: An Overview Of Its Process And Impact On Learning, Elaine H.J. Yew, Karen Goh

Health Professions Education

In this review, we provide an overview of the process of problem-based learning (PBL) and the studies examining the effectiveness of PBL. We also discuss a number of naturalistic and empirical studies that have examined the process of PBL and how its various components impact students’ learning. We conclude that the studies comparing the relative effectiveness of PBL are generally consistent in demonstrating its superior efficacy for longer-term knowledge retention and in the application of knowledge. Studies on the process of PBL, however, are still inconclusive as to which component(s) of PBL most significantly impact students’ learning, although causal studies …

Decision Making In Different Care Settings: Do Undergraduate Students Already Care?

Health Professions Education

Purpose: The process of decision making in medical practice has been studied extensively. However, the influence of different care settings on that process has not been examined to date. Do undergraduate medical students already adjust their decisions to the varying conditions of two different care settings? Methods: Starting on August 12th until September 23rd 2015 a complete semester cohort of students in their 5th year of medical studies attending a practical course in primary care at the University of Muenster was asked to answer questions about 6 paper cases on usual patient encounters. All students received the same cases. However, …

Saudi Internal Medicine Residents' Perceptions Of The Objective Structured Clinical Examination As A Formative Assessment Tool, Salwa Alaidarous, Tarig Awad Mohamed, Emad Masuadi, Siraj Wali, Abdullah Almalki

Health Professions Education

The Saudi Commission for Health Specialties first implemented the Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCE) as part of the final year Internal Medicine clerkship exam during the 2007–2008 academic year. This study evaluated Internal Medicine residents' overall perceptions of the OSCE as a formative assessment tool. It focused on residents' perceptions of the OSCE stations' attributes, determined the acceptability of the process, and provided feedback to enhance further development of the assessment tool. The main objective was to assess Internal Medicine resident test-takers' perceptions and acceptance of the OSCE, and to identify its strengths and weaknesses through their feedback. Sixty six …

Preparing Foundation-Year Students For Medical Studies In A Problem-Based Learning Environment: Students' Perceptions, Xiangyun Du, Walid Massoud, Nadia Ali Al-Banna, Ayad M. Al-Moslih, Marwan Farouk Abu-Hijleh, Hossam Hamdy, Farhan Sachal Cyprian

Health Professions Education

Purpose: To contribute to the field of preparing new students for their medical studies and to investigate how foundation-year medical students perceive the progression of appropriate learning skills for studying in a PBL medical curriculum via the support of a course aiming at facilitating students with these skills. Methods: A 10-point scale online questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was used for data collection. 50 out of the 59 (19 males and 31 females) students responded and self-evaluated a list of learning skills according to the course objectives before and after the course. Cronbach's alpha was used to test for internal …

Do Communities Of Practice Enhance Faculty Development?, Lum Kai Mun Abigail

Health Professions Education

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic literature review was to find out how communities of practice (CoP) work for faculty development, discover if CoP have demonstrated their effectiveness and identify factors that could influence effectiveness of CoP to inform future design and delivery of CoP for faculty development. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted in October 2015 for studies published between 1 January 1991–30 October 2015. To find out if CoP have demonstrated their effectiveness adequately, an overview of study designs, sample and sources of data used in relation to the framework for assessing value in CoP by Wenger …

Sharing A Successful Practice: A Life-Enhancing And Life-Saving Approach To Health Education, Joanne M. Crossman

NERA Conference Proceedings 2016

No abstract provided.

Nebline, October 2016

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Feature: Legends of the Fall — Accidental and Occasional Invaders

Food & Health

Farm & Acreage

Pests & Wildlife

Horticulture

Early Childhood

4-H & Youth

Extension Calendar

and other extension news and events

Access Is Not Enough: Family Planning In Dar Es Salaam, Claire Burrus

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Population growth is a large problem, both globally and at local levels. The global population is growing at an unsustainable rate, particularly in developing nations. Tanzania, as a developing nation, is one of the fastest growing countries in the world, and as a result, faces many hardships related to high population. The Tanzanian government, non-governmental organizations, and private institutions have made attempts to address these concerns by encouraging family planning. Even so, the national population continues to rise. Many social and cultural factors have contributed to this phenomenon. This study was performed in the Women’s Clinic at Sanitas Hospital in …

Hiv/Aids Prevention: Educating Future Generations, Carmella Williams

All Student Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to discover if implementing more educational interventions on HIV/AIDS would lead to lower incidents of HIV/AIDS among youth. A quantitative research design was used to determine the level of knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of high school students in regard to HIV/AIDS. The targeted population were youth ages 14-18 years old, which are generally high school students who are at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. Participants in this study were students from Human Resources Development Institute’s Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program at Harper High School in Chicago, Illinois. The researcher administered questionnaires to the students at Harper …

Perceptions Of Fidelity And Adaptation In Evidence-Informed Interventions By Women Of Color Sexuality Health Educators, Sara C. Flowers

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Sexuality health educators (SHEs) adapt interventions to the participants’ needs in the dissemination and implementation of comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) programming. However, there is a lack of understanding of how, why and when SHEs make such adaptations. Success or failure of the transfer of prevention technology to practitioners occurs by determining community capacities and preparedness to adopt/adapt high-impact interventions to effectively manage implementation. Experts argue for evidence-informed interventions (EII), as opposed to evidence-based interventions (EBI), as the best way to incorporate research in applied settings. EBIs are solely guided by recommendations from current evidence, whereas EIIs recognize and incorporate the …

The Effects Of Health-Related Fitness On School Attendance In New York City 6th-8th Grade Youth, Emily M. D'Agostino

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Background: Only 42% of youth ages 6-11 in the United States meet the World Health Organization’s recommendation for ≥60 minutes of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity. Estimates for adolescents ages 12-19 are even lower, ranging from 8-17%. Literature suggests low levels of youth health-related fitness (fitness) may negatively impact attendance, potentially due to reduced physical and psychosocial wellness. Nationally, 10-15% of (5-7.5 million) students are chronically absent, meaning that they miss ≥10% of the school year (or ≥20 days of school per year). Moreover, 20-30% of students in high-poverty, urban school districts do not attend school regularly (≥6 days …

Wnt5a-Jnk Regulation Of Vascular Insulin Resistance In Human Obesity, Melissa G. Farb, Shakun Karki, Song-Young Park, Samantha M. Saggese, Brian Carmine, Donald T. Hess, Caroline Apovian, Jessica L. Fetterman, Rosa Breton-Romero, Naomi M. Hamburg, Jose J. Fuster, Maria A. Zuriaga, Kenneth Walsh, Noyan Gokce

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Obesity is associated with the development of vascular insulin resistance; however, pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood. We sought to investigate the role of WNT5A-JNK in the regulation of insulin-mediated vasodilator responses in human adipose tissue arterioles prone to endothelial dysfunction. In 43 severely obese (BMI 44±11 kg/m2) and five metabolically normal non-obese (BMI 26±2 kg/m2) subjects, we isolated arterioles from subcutaneous and visceral fat during planned surgeries. Using videomicroscopy, we examined insulin-mediated, endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses and characterized adipose tissue gene and protein expression using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. Immunofluorescence was used to quantify endothelial nitric oxide …

International Variability In 20 M Shuttle Run Performance In Children And Youth: Who Are The Fittest From A 50-Country Comparison? A Systematic Literature Review With Pooling Of Aggregate Results, Justin J. Lang, Mark S. Tremblay, Luc Léger, Tim Olds, Grant Tomkinson

Education, Health & Behavior Studies Faculty Publications

Objectives To describe and compare 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT) performance among children and youth across 50 countries; to explore broad socioeconomic indicators that correlate with 20mSRT performance in children and youth across countries and to evaluate the utility of the 20mSRT as an international population health indicator for children and youth.

Methods A systematic review was undertaken to identify papers that explicitly reported descriptive 20mSRT (with 1-min stages) data on apparently healthy 9–17 year-olds. Descriptive data were standardised to running speed (km/h) at the last completed stage. Country-specific 20mSRT performance indices were calculated as population-weighted mean z-scores relative …

Cultural Competence Of Nurse Practitioners: Providing Care For Gay And Lesbian Clients, Paul S. Smith

Faculty Presentations

This plenary presentation given by Dr. Paul Smith was part of a panel on LGBTQ health in nursing. Smith identifies and explains the relationship between self-reported beliefs and behaviors of nurse practitioners toward gay and lesbian clients and reported nursing education related to cultural competence. He also identifies strategies to incorporate LGBT health into nursing curricula.