Health and Physical Education Commons^™

The Acute Effects Of Weighted Vest Running On Substrate Utilization And Energy Expenditure, Troy M. Purdom Mr.

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

This study evaluated the effect of weighted vest running (WVR) on fatty acid oxidation (FAox) and caloric expenditure at pre-designated exercise intensities (60,65,70,75,80% VO_2max). Seventeen recreationally trained runners (9 men and 8 women) performed four separate graded exercise tests (GXT) separated by 24 hours each. The first graded exercise test (GXT) was performed to establish the workloads at specific exercise intensities. The following three GXTs tested WVR with a control (no vest), 5% body mass (BM) vest, and 10%BM vest, using 3-minute incrementally increasing steady rate stages. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure both FAox (g/min) and caloric …

Motor Development And Skill Acquisition In Elementary Aged Students, Joanna M. Guerrant Ms.

Posters-at-the-Capitol

Mastering physical movement occurs through motor learning and experience. Motor development is needed for successful acquisition of sport and other physical skills. A lack of motor skills has been associated with decreased physical activity later in life, which has been linked to a variety of hypokinetic diseases. This study examined motor learning and skill acquisition in elementary age children. Twenty 2^nd-5^th grade students were recruited through the local school system. Subjects did not have any injuries that would preclude them from performing three basic skills (modified squat, tree, and arm and leg raises). IRB approval, parental consent, …

Relationships Between Digit Ratio (2d:4d) And Basketball Performance In Australian Men, Nathan A. Frick, Melissa J. Hull, John T. Manning, Grant Tomkinson

Education, Health & Behavior Studies Faculty Publications

Objective

To investigate relationships between the digit ratio (2D:4D) and competitive basketball performance in Australian men.

Methods

Using an observational cross‐sectional design a total of 221 Australian basketball players who competed in the Olympic Games, International Basketball Federation World Championships/Cup, Australian National Basketball League, Central Australian Basketball League or socially had their 2D:4Ds measured. Analysis of variance was used to assess differences in mean 2D:4Ds between men playing at different competitive standards, with relationships between 2D:4Ds and basketball game‐related statistics assessed using Pearson's product moment correlations in men playing at a single competitive standard.

Results

There were significant differences between …

A Comparative Analysis Of Mississippi Rural Schools’ Abstinence-Only And Abstinence-Plus Programs, Alonzo Jeffrey Williams, Brian Zamboni, Rachel Piferi

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

Mississippi responded to high teenage pregnancy rates by enacting a law requiring school districts to choose between an abstinence-only or abstinence-plus program. However, there is limited research on Mississippi’s sex education policies, creating a research gap that inhibits developing successful programs. There is a need to compare the two programs with a focus on rural areas. This study compared programs by examining students’ abstinent sexual attitudes, social norms, self-efficacy, sexual abstinence behaviors, and perceived effectiveness of sexual education and decision making to address whether those variables differed by programs and if there was an interaction between programs and students’ …

Global Matrix 2.0: Report Card Grades On The Physical Activity Of Children And Youth Comparing 38 Countries, Mark S. Tremblay, Joel D. Barnes, Silvia A. González, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, John J. Reilly, Grant Tomkinson, The Global Matrix 2.0 Research Team

Education, Health & Behavior Studies Faculty Publications

The Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance organized the concurrent preparation of Report Cards on the physical activity of children and youth in 38 countries from 6 continents (representing 60% of the world’s population). Nine common indicators were used (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport Participation, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behavior, Family and Peers, School, Community and the Built Environment, and Government Strategies and Investments), and all Report Cards were generated through a harmonized development process and a standardized grading framework (from A = excellent, to F = failing). The 38 Report Cards were presented at the International Congress on Physical …

Results From Ireland North And South's 2016 Report Card On Physical Activity For Children And Youth, Deirdre M. Harrington, Marie Murphy, Angela Carlin, Tara Coppinger, Alan Donnelly, Kieran P. Dowd, Teresa Keating, Niamh Murphy, Elaine Murtagh, Wesley O'Brien, Catherine Woods, Sarahjane Belton

Publications

Background: Physical activity (PA) is a key performance indicator for policy documents in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Building on baseline grades set in 2014, Ireland's second Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth allows for continued surveillance of indicators related to PA in children and youth. Methods: Data and information were extracted and collated for 10 indicators and graded using an international standardized grading system. Results: Overall, 7 grades stayed the same, 2 increased, and 1 decreased. Grades were assigned as follows: Overall PA, D (an increase); Sedentary Behavior (TV), C-; Physical Education, D-; …

Introduction To The Global Matrix 2.0: Report Card Grades On The Physical Activity Of Children And Youth Comparing 38 Countries, Mark S. Tremblay, Silvia A. Gonzalez, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Vincent O. Onywera, John J. Reilly, Grant Tomkinson

Education, Health & Behavior Studies Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Results From Australia’S 2016 Report Card On Physical Activity For Children And Youth, Natasha K. Schranz, Timothy Olds, Roslyn Boyd, John Evans, Sjaan R. Gomersall, Louise Hardy, Kylie Hesketh, David R. Lubans, Nicola D. Ridgers, Leon Straker, Stewart Vella, Jenny Ziviani, Grant Tomkinson

Education, Health & Behavior Studies Faculty Publications

Background:

Two years on from the inaugural Active Healthy Kids Australia (AHKA) Physical Activity Report Card, there has been little to no change with the majority of Australian children still insufficiently active. Methods:

The 2016 AHKA Report Card was developed using the best available national- and state-based physical activity data, which were evaluated by the AHKA Research Working Group using predetermined weighting criteria and benchmarks to assign letter grades to the 12 Report Card indicators. Results:

In comparison with 2014, Overall Physical Activity Levels was again assigned a D- with Organized Sport and Physical Activity Participation increasing to a …

Nebline, November/December 2016

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Feature: Look Who’s Hatching — Preschoolers Explore Egg-Laying Animals

Food & Health

Farm & Acreage

Pests & Wildlife

Horticulture

Early Childhood

4-H & Youth

Extension Calendar

and other extension news and events

Evidence Of Glycolysis Up-Regulation And Pyruvate Mitochondrial Oxidation Mismatch During Mechanical Unloading Of The Failing Human Heart: Implications For Cardiac Reloading And Conditioning, Nikolaos A. Diakos, Sutip Navankasattusas, E. Dale Abel, Jared Rutter, Lauren Mccreath, Peter Ferrin, Stephen H. Mckellar, Dylan V. Miller, Song-Young Park, Russell S. Richardson, Ralph Deberardinis, James E. Cox, Abdallah G. Kfoury, Craig H. Selzman, Joseph C. Fang, Dean Y. Li, Stavros Drakos

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

This study sought to investigate the effects of mechanical unloading on myocardial energetics and the metabolic perturbation of heart failure (HF) in an effort to identify potential new therapeutic targets that could enhance the unloading-induced cardiac recovery. The authors prospectively examined paired human myocardial tissue procured from 31 advanced HF patients at left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implant and at heart transplant plus tissue from 11 normal donors. They identified increased post-LVAD glycolytic metabolites without a coordinate increase in early, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. The increased pyruvate was not directed toward the mitochondria and the TCA cycle for complete …

Academic And Psychosocial Outcomes Of A Physical Activity Program With Fourth Graders: Variations Among Schools In Six Urban School Districts, Cheryl L. Somers, Erin E. Centeio, Noel Kulik, Alex Garn, Jeffry Martin, Bo Shen, Mariane Fahlman, Nathan A. Mccaughtry

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

The purpose was to examine academic achievement, school attachment, and peer acceptance before and after a comprehensive school-based physical activity program (CSPAP) with 378 children in 12 fourth-grade classrooms across six schools in primarily low-socioeconomic status (SES) districts of a large Midwestern metropolitan area. Both personal and normative rate of academic achievement improvement metrics were used. Overall, all students showed personal math and reading growth. However, effects varied by types of achievement indicator and comparison group, revealing noteworthy school-level demographic and implementation characteristics that are inextricably intertwined with program effectiveness and student growth. Implications, especially for minimizing generalizations, are significant.

Associations Among Elementary School Children’S Actual Motor Competence, Perceived Motor Competence, Physical Activity And Bmi : A Cross-Sectional Study, An V. De Meester, David F. Stodden, Ali S. Brian, Larissa True, Greet Cardon, Isabel Tallir, Leen Haerens

Faculty Publications

Background

Positive associations between motor competence and physical activity have been identified by means of variable-centered analyses. To expand the understanding of these associations, this study used a person-centered approach to investigate whether different combinations (i.e., profiles) of actual and perceived motor competence exist (aim 1); and to examine differences in physical activity levels (aim 2) and weight status (aim 3) among children with different motor competence-based profiles.

Materials and Methods

Children’s (N = 361; 180 boys = 50%; Mage = 9.50±1.24yrs) actual motor competence was measured with the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 and their perceived motor …

The Problem With Problems In Problem-Based Learning: Difference Between Problem Explaining Versus Problem Solving, Lisette Wijnia

Health Professions Education

In problem-based learning (PBL), small groups of students are presented with a problem before they receive any other curriculum input on that topic.1,2 Although PBL is a popular educational method in the health professions and other domains, its effectiveness has been heavily debated. An important point of debate is whether or not it is effective to let students engage in problem-solving activities at the start of the learning process with limited prior knowledge.3 According to cognitive load theory (CLT), novice learners always require explicit instruction that explains all the targeted concepts and procedures without a need for learners to infer …

Development And Initial Testing Of An Instrument For Evaluating Needs And Inferring Readiness Of Research Supervisors: A Mixed Methods Approach, Amani Al-Muallem, Margaret Elzubeir, Christopher Roberts, Mohi Magzoub

Health Professions Education

Purpose: Skilled supervisors are crucial to the development of new researchers. A variety of institutional perspectives exist regarding prerequisites for effective research supervision, yet little is known about this subject from perspectives of research supervisors themselves. Mixed methods designs offer the potential to integrate various data collection and analyses procedures to rigorously investigate complex social constructs such research supervision and to design tools to evaluate needs and readiness. The present study aimed to develop and initially test an instrument that explores needs and readiness of research supervisors using an integrative mixed methods design. Methods: Drawing on a blend of socio-cognitive …

Decision Making In Different Care Settings: Do Undergraduate Students Already Care?

Health Professions Education

Purpose: The process of decision making in medical practice has been studied extensively. However, the influence of different care settings on that process has not been examined to date. Do undergraduate medical students already adjust their decisions to the varying conditions of two different care settings? Methods: Starting on August 12th until September 23rd 2015 a complete semester cohort of students in their 5th year of medical studies attending a practical course in primary care at the University of Muenster was asked to answer questions about 6 paper cases on usual patient encounters. All students received the same cases. However, …

The Influence Of Time Pressure And Case Complexity On Physicians' Diagnostic Performance, Dalal A. Alqahtani, Jerome I. Rotgans, Nasr Eldin Ahmed, Ibrahim A. Alalwan, Mohi Eldin M. Magzoub

Health Professions Education

Purpose: Practicing medicine is a cognitively demanding task that consists of the ability to assess the patient, judge the nature of his or her complaints, and make an appropriate diagnosis. A number of factors have the potential to affect the physician's diagnostic performance negatively. Two of these factors are time pressure and case complexity. However, the empirical evidence that supports this negative influence is scant. This study experimentally investigated the effect of time pressure and the complexity of clinical cases on diagnostic accuracy. Method: Thirty-seven senior internal medicine residents participated in this study. These residents were randomly allocated to two …

Do Communities Of Practice Enhance Faculty Development?, Lum Kai Mun Abigail

Health Professions Education

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic literature review was to find out how communities of practice (CoP) work for faculty development, discover if CoP have demonstrated their effectiveness and identify factors that could influence effectiveness of CoP to inform future design and delivery of CoP for faculty development. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted in October 2015 for studies published between 1 January 1991–30 October 2015. To find out if CoP have demonstrated their effectiveness adequately, an overview of study designs, sample and sources of data used in relation to the framework for assessing value in CoP by Wenger …

Problem-Based Learning: An Overview Of Its Process And Impact On Learning, Elaine H.J. Yew, Karen Goh

Health Professions Education

In this review, we provide an overview of the process of problem-based learning (PBL) and the studies examining the effectiveness of PBL. We also discuss a number of naturalistic and empirical studies that have examined the process of PBL and how its various components impact students’ learning. We conclude that the studies comparing the relative effectiveness of PBL are generally consistent in demonstrating its superior efficacy for longer-term knowledge retention and in the application of knowledge. Studies on the process of PBL, however, are still inconclusive as to which component(s) of PBL most significantly impact students’ learning, although causal studies …

3d Anatomy Models And Impact On Learning: A Review Of The Quality Of The Literature, Samy A. Azer, Sarah Azer

Health Professions Education

Background: The aims of this study were to identify studies exploring three-dimensional (3D) anatomy models and their impact on learning, and to assess the quality of research in this area. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Knowledge databases were searched using the following keywords "3D anatomy", "three dimensional anatomy," "3D virtual reality anatomy," "3D VR anatomy," "3D anatomy model, “3D anatomy teaching", and “anatomy learning VR” . Three evaluators independently assessed the quality of research using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI). Results: Of the 94,616 studies identified initially, 30 studies reported data on the impact of …

The Influence Of Peer Feedback On The Acquisition Of Physical-Examination Skills, Bernard Martineau, Sìlvia Mamede, Christina St-Onge, Linda Bergeron

Health Professions Education

Studies have suggested that having students observe peers while acquiring physical-examination (PE) skills fosters the acquisition of the psychomotor skills required to conduct a PE. One difficulty, however, has been to disentangle the effect of peer observation from peer feedback, both of which occur when students learn in groups. This study investigated the influence of peer feedback on learning the neurolocomotor physical exam for low-back pain. 120 second-year medical students were randomly assigned to a peer-feedback group (n¼61) or a no-peer-feedback group (n¼53), during a regular learning activity with a standardized-patient instructor. Students first practised the NLE in groups of …