Health and Physical Education Commons^™

Stress Testing For Diastolic Dysfunction: An Old Approach To A New Question, T. Jake Samuel, Rhys Beaudry, Mark J. Haykowsky, Satyam Sarma, Michael D. Nelson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: Currently, conventional cycle echocardiography is the recommended method for diagnosing diastolic dysfunction in patients with unexplained dyspnea upon exertion. However, this method has several underlying limitations including movement and respiratory artifact. These limitations are often exaggerated in patients who are obese and suffer from exertional dyspnea, and therefore limit its application in clinical diagnosis. Our group recently demonstrated that isometric handgrip echocardiography is a powerful sub-clinical diastolic discriminator that avoids the limitations of conventional cycle echocardiography and that can be easily implemented in the clinic. PURPOSE: However, to date it remains unclear how these two methodologies compare, and thus …

Exploiting Arm Swinging Dynamics To Reduce The Metabolic Cost Of Walking While Carrying Loads, Obioma B. Mcreynolds, Christopher J. Arellano

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Arm swing while walking at one’s optimal speed is primarily driven by passive pendulum mechanics, an energy saving mechanism that has been speculated to incur little to no metabolic cost. PURPOSE: In line with this idea, we set out to determine whether carrying loads on the swinging and non-swinging arms while walking would be less costly than carrying loads at other locations on the body. We hypothesized that carrying loads on the arms while restricted from swinging would demand a greater metabolic cost than carrying loads on the arms while naturally swinging. For relative comparisons, we also explored the cost …

Evidence Of Racial Differences In Microvascular Function Among College-Aged Women, Jordan C. Patik, Bryon M. Curtis, John D. Akins, Aida Nasirian, Guillermo Olvera, R Matthew Brothers

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Microvascular dysfunction contributes to the development of hypertension and insulin resistance. The black population is at an elevated risk of both conditions relative to other racial groups. Previous studies indicate that college-aged black men, compared to their white counterparts, have impaired microvascular function as assessed by post-occlusion reactive hyperemia (RH). It is unknown whether this racial disparity is present in healthy, young adult black (BW) and white women (WW). Furthermore, whether nitric oxide-mediated cutaneous microvascular hyperemia during local heating (LH) is different in these populations has not been determined. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis …

Associations Between Leg Lean Mass And Arterial Function In Pre-Menopausal And Post-Menopausal Women., Stephen M. Fischer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Vascular dysfunction has been associated to sarcopenia, the age-related impairment in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and performance, in postmenopausal women. Previous research has shown inverse relationships between leg lean mass (LM) and arterial stiffness (measured as carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity, cfPWV) or pressure wave reflection (augmentation index, AIx) in men and women. AIx is an appropriate vascular marker in young but not middle-age/older adults, especially in women.

Purpose: To examine the associations between leg LM and arterial function (cfPWV and aortic AIx adjusted to 75bpm (AIx@75)) in pre-menopausal (PRE-M) and post-menopausal (POST-M) women. Methods: 47 women (24 PRE-M, …

Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation During Plantarflexion Exercise In Young-Old And Older-Old Adults, Arun Maharaj, Salvador J. Jaime, Justin Mason, Patrick Saracino, Arturo Figueroa

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The aging process is associated with a gradual decrease in exercise performance, leg muscle blood flow and oxygenation, and endothelial vascular reactivity. Purpose: To examine potential differences in femoral artery flow-mediated dilation (fa-FMD) and calf muscle oxygenation (HbO₂) during low-intensity plantarflexion exercise in older adults. Methods: 43 young-old (YO; n=24, 67 ± 1 years) and older-old (OO: n=19, 70 ± 1 years) individuals were included in this study. We measured body fat % and leg lean mass (LLM) by DEXA and handgrip maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) using a dynamometer. VO_2max was estimated using a submaximal treadmill test. …

Accuracy Of Fitbit Surge And Smartphone Apps At Measuring Cycling Distance And Speed, Jose L. Gamez Jr., Ivan A. Figueroa, Merrill D. Funk

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

There are many smartphone apps that measure distance and speed of cycling, however, there is no research on the accuracy of this cycling apps. PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of Fitbit Surge and two smartphone applications at measuring distance and speed while cycling outside. METHODS: Thirteen college-aged students (Mean±SD; BMI: 25.2±3.0kg/m²; 10 males, 3 females) consented to participate in one measurement session. A 0.75 mile route along a sidewalk around the university campus was used for 3 separate trials using a mountain bike. A Fitbit (FB) along with an Android smartphone running Google-Fit (G-Fit) and S-Health (SH) were …

Ability Of The Functional Movement Screen (Fms) To Predict Injury In Ncaa Division Ii Track And Field Athletes And The Association Between The Fms, Eccentric Hip Abduction Strength, And Injury Risk, Shane Purser, Collin Brown, Teresa Huckaby, Shelly Weise

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

A high injury rate is present in the collegiate cross country and track population. Currently no gold standard measurement exists to predict future injury. The FMS and eccentric hip strength are two potential measures to predict future injury risk. PURPOSE: To establish if the 100 point FMS and 21 point FMS scores are correlated with injury risk among NCAA Division II cross country and track and field athletes, as well as determine if hip strength is associated with injury risk or FMS score. METHODS: This investigation was an exploratory prospective cohort study of eight Division II cross country …

Assessment Of Travis County Health Disparities And Child Obesity Rates, David Rodriguez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: The youth obesity epidemic in the United States represents a prevalence of health challenges that can potentially lead to future preventable diseases. There are many factors that contribute to the ongoing obesity epidemic in America. PURPOSE: This study investigated the correlation between environmental factors, behavioral factors, socioeconomic status (SES), and obesity/overweight rates among school grade children within Travis County. We aimed to identify risk factors that contribute to obesity rates on the national, state, and Travis County levels. METHODS: We researched, contacted school district representatives, and photographed two Travis County school districts on opposite ends of the SES …

Mastery Of Communication Skills. Does Intelligence Matter?, Jeroen Kuntze, Henk T. Van Der Molen, Marise Ph. Born

Health Professions Education

Background: Insight in the influence of intelligence on the mastery of communication skills is important for improving the microcounselling method, an effective training programme for acquiring these skills. Method: Participants were 323 bachelor psychology students. The participants' level of verbal, spatial and numerical intelligence was determined. Participants followed either a course in basic skills or a course in advanced skills. Their level of mastery of these skills was assessed with a video test. Results: Both training programmes proved to be effective in training communication skills. As expected, numerical and spatial intelligence were no significant predictors for the mastery of these …

The Single-Item Questionnaire, Henk Schmidt

Health Professions Education

If, in the context of a survey, one wishes to know how old a participant is, one question suffices: “How old are you?” The same applies if one is interested in participants’ alcohol use per day, or whether the person is married or not. The use of a single item to measure constructs is also common practice in disparate fields such as job satisfaction ,1 stress research ,2 or happiness studies .3 In fact, how many different ways are there to ask how happy a person is? In education however, things are different. There, multi-item questionnaires and tests are traditionally …

Teaching Language Effects On Students' Performance, Hisham N. Bani-Salameh

Health Professions Education

We report our results on a study of our medical student's performance and its relation to the teaching language. We used the force concept inventory (FCI) as our study tool and gave it to our students before and after instructions in class on materials covered by the test. Our students' native language is Arabic and we teach in English and therefore they were given the test both in Arabic and English. This study is one part of a bigger project to assess the whole educational process (both teaching and learning) in our department. It was triggered by students' poor English …

Integration Of Patients Into First-Year Neuroscience Medical Curriculum

Health Professions Education

Background: A medical neuroscience curriculum that integrates broad categorization of neurological diseases in the first year of medical education has a functional utility to strengthen the foundation of medical students in clinical neuroscience. Students– patients interactive activities could provide an understanding of core curricula for basic neuroscience and clinical neurology. Methods: Twelve neurological patients, with varying neurological diseases, volunteered to share their medical experiences with small groups of students in a 30-minute session. A debriefing segment with clinical and biomedical science faculty and students followed these sessions. Two structured student surveys – a pre and posttests were administered. Results: 98.5% …

Promotion And Tenure: Application Of Scholarship Of Teaching And Learning, And Scholarship Of Engagement Criteria To Health Professions Education, Shilpa J. Register, Katherine M. King

Health Professions Education

Purpose: This paper strives to provide clarity to two of the newer categories of scholarship as defined by Boyer and Shulman: 1) scholarship of teaching and learning, and 2) scholarship of engagement. Additionally, the paper will discuss the application of scholarship to promotion and tenure in health professional education. Lastly, potential barriers and challenges will be discussed with the introduction of possible models to assist faculty in career promotion efforts. Method: A literature review was performed to retrieve articles and publicly accessible data related to faculty promotion and tenure in health professional education. The articles chosen focused on the scholarship …

Altruism: Should It Be Included As An Attribute Of Medical Professionalism?, Joanne Harris

Health Professions Education

Problem: Altruism is often included in classical and modern definitions of medical professionalism and some feel that medicine is a vocation where altruism is a pre-requisite. However since the 1970s there have been changes in society affecting the way all professions are viewed. Some high profile medical malpractice cases mean the public no longer perceives the medical profession as infallible. Following the Harold Shipman case, medical educators began to argue that retaining the concept of altruism did a disservice to the medical profession where “it is the claim of altruism that allows the medical profession to claim moral superiority”. 1 …

Prevalence Of Self-Prescribing Propranolol Among Medical And Dental Students In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Crosssectional Study, Omar A. Al-Mohrej, Waad M. Al-Bani, Nouf S. Alshaalan, Rawan A. Aldahash, Anas M. Alyamani, Hind S. Almodaimegh

Health Professions Education

Purpose: The life of students is full of stressors that might have an impact on their mood and academic performance. These stressors are exaggerated among medical and dental students, as they have to worry more about financial, social, and academic issues. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and predictors of inappropriate self-prescribing of propranolol (Inderals) among medical and dental students at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS) Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study using consecutive sampling was carried out among Saudi medical and dental students, who were enrolled in KSAU-HS during the study period. A …

Nutrition In Medicine: Medical Students' Satisfaction, Perceived Relevance And Preparedness For Practice, Victor Mogre, Fred Stevens, Paul A. Aryee, Albert J.J.A. Scherpbier

Health Professions Education

Purpose: Doctors play a critical role in providing nutrition care and supporting patients to adopt healthy dietary habits. Improving the quality of nutrition education in medical schools is necessary to build the capacity of doctors to deliver effective nutrition care to help reduce malnutrition especially for sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigated Ghanaian undergraduate clinical level medical students’ satisfaction with their current nutrition education, preparedness to provide nutrition care, perceived relevance of nutrition education to their future practice and their relationships. Method: A survey among 207 clinical level medical students was conducted. An 11-item questionnaire with subscales was used to assess …

Youtube Enhanced Case Teaching In Health Management And Policy, Jeremy C. Green, Taha Aziz, Juliane Joseph, Angad Ravanam, Sobia Shahab, Luke Straus

Health Professions Education

Purpose: Case teaching is a popular method of health management and policy education but its relationship with technology is outdated. While several major publishers of case teaching materials have recently incorporated internet videos and other multimedia and online content into their offerings, these video case teaching materials are mostly on the manufacturing industry and not on the health care services industry. This project aims to expand existing case teaching materials with YouTube videos, and to report preliminary findings on learning outcomes. Method: YouTube videos were selected to enhance course topics and materials found in traditional text based materials. Original videos …

Validity Of Bmi-Based Equations For Estimating Body Fat Percentage In Collegiate Male Soccer Players: A Three-Compartment Model Comparison, Alexandra Loredo, Kassandra A. Jaramillo, Brett S. Nickerson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The ease of calculating body mass index (BMI)-based body fat percentage (BF%) is appealing in collegiate male soccer player who have limited time availability and strict training regimens. However, research has yet to evaluate whether BMI-based BF% equations are valid when compared to a criterion multi-compartment model. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare BMI-based BF% equations with a three-compartment (3C) model in collegiate male soccer players. METHODS: Sixteen NCAA Division II male soccer players (age = 21 ± 2 years; ht = 179.0 ± 8.2 cm; wt = 78.0 ± 8.5 kg) participated in this study. BMI …

Exercise-Induced Th17 Lymphocyte Response And Their Relationship To Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors In Obese, Post-Menopausal Women, Maria A. Cardenas, Michael M. Levitt, Bryan Richie, Shaohan Lu, Elise Erickson, Carmen Cook, Jay Haynes, Andreas Kreutzer, Joel B. Mitchell, Melody D. Phillips

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Obesity-induced inflammation promotes type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). A causative link between adaptive immunity and pathogenesis of obesity-associated diseases has been established. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of exercise on circulating T-helper (Th) 17 lymphocytes in overweight/obese post-menopausal women. METHODS: Twenty-seven overweight/obese women (BMI 32.7 ± 5.1 kg×m^-2, 55-75 yr) were randomly assigned to the exercise (EX, n=14) or education (ED, n=13) groups. EX performed a 25-min walk (75-80% HRR) and 2 sets of 8 resistance exercises (70-80% 1RM) with blood samples obtained at: pre-exercise, post-exercise, one-hour and two-hour post-exercise. Blood samples were obtained …

Accelerometer-Determined Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior Among Majority-Minority Sample Of Adults: The Houston Train Study, Ashleigh Johnson, Kelley Pettee Gabriel, Deborah Salvo, Erin Dooley, Casey Philip Durand, Gregory Knell, Samantha Kreis, Harold W. Kohl Iii

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Based on self-reported data, minority populations are often found to be less active compared to whites, which may contribute to overall health disparities. The Houston Travel Related Activity in Neighborhoods (TRAIN) Study provides an opportunity to examine differences in accelerometer-determined physical activity levels among a majority-minority sample of adults. PURPOSE: To describe and examine differences in accelerometer-determined physical activity and sedentary behavior among TRAIN participants at baseline, by race/ethnic groups and sex. METHODS: Study participants were part of an ongoing natural experiment of transportation-related physical activity. At baseline, a group of participants self-selected to wear an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT …