Policy Brief No. 23 - Health Inequalities Among Older Adults: Reconciling Theories And Policy Approaches,
2016
Western University
Policy Brief No. 23 - Health Inequalities Among Older Adults: Reconciling Theories And Policy Approaches, Amélie Quesnel-Vallée, Andrea Willson, Sandra Reiter-Campeau
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Despite universal access to healthcare, there are disparities in older people’s health status in developed countries. These inequalities are rooted in lifelong differences in social and economic status. Government policies to assist older people may end up reinforcing these inequalities if they fail to create a buffer against their effects. However, best case practices and WHO guidance show that policies can also mitigate against the effects of lifelong disadvantage in older age. There is opportunity to design initiatives for older people in Canada that lessen the disparities in health outcomes that we currently see.
Policy Brief No. 21 - An Increasing Age At Retirement May Amplify Socioeconomic Inequalities,
2016
Western University
Policy Brief No. 21 - An Increasing Age At Retirement May Amplify Socioeconomic Inequalities, Yves Carrière, Jacques Légaré, Mélanie Léger St-Cyr, Chloé Ronteix, Viorela Diaconu
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Population ageing raises questions about the sustainability of the public pillars of the retirement income system and about inter-generational equity. In response to this, a number of countries have raised the normal retirement age in an attempt to reduce projected future expenditures on their state pension system. In this context, private savings and later retirement represent the best ways of avoiding a major fall in living standards when retiring. Increased life expectancy at age 65 appears to justify this policy trend. But there are substantial differences in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy between people of different socioeconomic status, and …
Dossier De Politique No. 21 - Une Hausse De L’Âge De La Retraite Risque De Creuser Les Inégalités Socioéconomiques,
2016
Western University
Dossier De Politique No. 21 - Une Hausse De L’Âge De La Retraite Risque De Creuser Les Inégalités Socioéconomiques, Yves Carrière, Jacques Légaré, Mélanie Léger St-Cyr, Chloé Ronteix, Viorela Diaconu
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Le vieillissement démographique a pour effet de remettre en question la viabilité des régimes publics de retraite et l’équité intergénérationnelle. Plusieurs pays ont donc relevé l’âge normal de la retraite pour réduire les dépenses prévues de leur régime public de retraite dans le futur. L’épargne privée et le report de la retraite représentent alors la meilleure alternative pour éviter une baisse de niveau de vie importante à la retraite. Les gains en espérance de vie à 65 ans semblent justifier cette politique. Mais les écarts d’espérance de vie et de santé selon le statut socioéconomique sont substantiels et semblent vouloir …
Policy Brief No. 18 - The Dynamics Of Inequality Among Canadian Children,
2016
Western University
Policy Brief No. 18 - The Dynamics Of Inequality Among Canadian Children, Peter Burton, Shelley Phipps, Lihui Zhang
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
This study characterizes income inequality and mobility of Canadian children between the ages of 4/5 and 14/15. There is considerable inequality of family income. Moreover, income position is especially persistent for children at the bottom and top of the distribution; this is unfair and may be perpetuated into adulthood. Finally, family structure is very important for children’s material well-being; for example, they experience a considerable drop in income position upon parental separation/ divorce. It is recommended that such children be protected, perhaps through advance maintenance payments.
Policy Brief No. 17 - Language Training And Education Help Adult New Immigrants Exit Poverty,
2016
Western University
Policy Brief No. 17 - Language Training And Education Help Adult New Immigrants Exit Poverty, Lisa Kaida
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
New immigrants to Canada are particularly vulnerable to poverty, but a study of data from the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada finds participation in English/French language training has a positive impact. The federally-funded official language training, a unique feature of Canada’s immigrant settlement policy, helps new immigrants overcome their initial economic hardships. In addition, education in Canada helps low-income adult newcomers with international postsecondary credentials lift their families out of poverty. As the highly educated comprise a majority of entering immigrants, facilitating their ability to return to school is a promising policy option for their economic well-being.
Policy Brief No. 14 - The Underutilization Of Immigrant Skills: Trends And Policy Issues,
2016
Western University
Policy Brief No. 14 - The Underutilization Of Immigrant Skills: Trends And Policy Issues, Jeffrey G. Reitz, Josh Curtis, Jennifer Elrick
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Since 1996, the problem of underutilization of immigrant skills in Canada has grown significantly. University-educated immigrants are more numerous, yet our census analysis shows that their access to skilled occupations in the professions and management declined between 1996 and 2006. In these years, the value of work lost to the Canadian economy from immigrant skill underutilization grew from about $4.80 billion to $11.37 billion, annually. Given the significance of immigration for economic development, the evaluation of current policies and consideration of future directions seem urgent.
Research Brief No. 15 - Visible Minority Groups Vary In Social Integration,
2016
Western University
Research Brief No. 15 - Visible Minority Groups Vary In Social Integration, Zheng Wu, Christoph M. Schimmele, Feng Hou
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
On the basis of the 2001 Ethnic Diversity Survey, this study examines relationship between generation of Canadian residence and social integration. Two subjective (self-reported) measures of integration are used: sense of belonging to Canada and feelings of discomfort living in the host society. The study finds that the relationship between immigrant generation and social integration depends upon demographic and neighbourhood characteristics, as well as upon the city of settlement. The study also illustrates that while sense of belonging does not change across immigrant generations, it is higher for South Asians, lower among Chinese and French Canadians, and similar to the …
Research Brief No. 13 - The Social And Health Service Needs Of Aboriginal Peoples In Urban Southern Ontario,
2016
Western University
Research Brief No. 13 - The Social And Health Service Needs Of Aboriginal Peoples In Urban Southern Ontario, Martin Cooke, Julia Woodhall, Jennifer Mcwhirter
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
The disproportionate needs of urban Aboriginal people make it important for urban social and health service providers to understand the conditions faced by this population. This synthesis paper reviews recent literature on urban Aboriginal populations in order to identify their characteristics and main areas of need. It is meant to inform those who work in health and social service planning and delivery in smaller urban centers, particularly non-Aboriginal service agencies in Southern Ontario. The existing research shows that urbanized First Nations, Métis and Inuit have greater needs for specific health, cultural, justice, financial, and educational services. Further-more, the literature indicates …
Research Brief No. 9 - Racial Minority Immigrant Offspring Successes In The United States, Canada, And Australia,
2016
Western University
Research Brief No. 9 - Racial Minority Immigrant Offspring Successes In The United States, Canada, And Australia, Jeffrey G. Reitz, Heather Zhang, Naoko Hawkins
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
How well-off are second-generation immigrants in the US, Canada, and Australia? In this study, we examine the successes of immigrant offspring as compared to the respective mainstream populations (third- and higher-generation whites). We also ask whether cross-national differences in the successes of immigrants carry over to their children. We discover that the educational, occupational, and income achievements of second-generation immigrants are very similar for several ethnic groups across these countries. Each country shows common patterns of high achievement for the Chinese and South Asian second generation, less for those of other Asian origins, and still less for Afro-Caribbean blacks.
Research Brief No. 6 - Family Background And Economic Mobility In The United States And Canada,
2016
University of Ottawa
Research Brief No. 6 - Family Background And Economic Mobility In The United States And Canada, Miles Corak, Lori Curtis, Shelley Phipps
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Canadians and Americans have very similar notions of what constitutes the “good life”: largely economic success, stability, health and freedom. They also both believe that the way to achieve that success is through hard work, ambition and personal choices. However, there is a large gap between the ability of Canadians and Americans to achieve a different economic status than their parents. On average, three times more economic inequality is passed on in the United States than in Canada, and the largest gaps occur at the extremes of the spectrum: the richest segment of the population and the poorest. This gap …
Research Brief No. 4 - An International Comparison Of Lifetime Inequality: How Continental Europe Resembles North America,
2016
University of Western Ontario,
Research Brief No. 4 - An International Comparison Of Lifetime Inequality: How Continental Europe Resembles North America, Audra Bowlus, Jean-Marc Robin
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Is earnings inequality in North America as high as previous research has suggested? And how does North America compare to Europe? Previous studies on this topic have found a higher level of earnings inequality in North America than in Continental Europe. However, these studies have focused largely on earnings in a single year. In their forthcoming study on earnings inequality, authors Audra Bowlus and Jean-Marc Robin develop a new methodology for investigating and comparing earnings inequality in North America and Europe. The methodology developed by Bowlus and Robin constructs a measure of lifetime earnings in order to compare lifetime earnings …
Policy Brief No. 10 - The Town With No Poverty: Health Effects Of Guaranteed Annual Income,
2016
Western University
Policy Brief No. 10 - The Town With No Poverty: Health Effects Of Guaranteed Annual Income, Evelyn L. Forget
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
Guaranteed Annual Income (GAI) has been advocated and opposed in both the United States and Canada as a means to fight poverty since the 1960s, but how does GAI influence specific health and social outcomes? In examining data from a town involved in a Canadian GAI field experiment, we primarily found that a relatively modest GAI can improve population health at the community level. Considering the increasing burden of health care costs in Canada, it is possible that implementing GAI could amount to considerable savings.
Policy Brief No. 9 - A Canada-Us Comparison Of The Wage Gap For Highly Educated Immigrants,
2016
Western University
Policy Brief No. 9 - A Canada-Us Comparison Of The Wage Gap For Highly Educated Immigrants, Aneta Bonikowska, Feng Hou, Garnett Picot
Population Change and Lifecourse Strategic Knowledge Cluster Research/Policy Brief
This policy brief focuses on changes in the wages of university educated new immigrants over the 1980-2005 period in Canada and the United States. Generally speaking, wage outcomes for this group were superior in the U.S. Wages of university educated new immigrants relative to domestic born university graduates declined in Canada over that period but rose in the United States. Also, the university wage premium — the difference in the wages of the university and high school educated — for new immigrants was similar in both countries in 1980, but rose over the next two decades in the United States …
Can You Help Me Now? The Effects Of Cell Phone Use On Social Capital Formation,
2016
Western Michigan University
Can You Help Me Now? The Effects Of Cell Phone Use On Social Capital Formation, Simon Purdy
Research and Creative Activities Poster Day
Cell phones are the most widely spread communication technology in the modern day. Previous research into the effects of cell phone use has primarily focused on the individual-level, such as texting while driving, leaving a gap in our understanding of the technology’s effects on larger social processes. One such process that cell phones may affect is social capital, or the networks of assistance which exist in our lives, along with the associated norms of trust and reciprocity therein (Putnam, 2000). Recent trends in both social capital and the development and use of cell phones suggests that there may be negative …
A Pluralistic Universe In Twenty Years,
2016
University of Dayton
A Pluralistic Universe In Twenty Years, Marilyn Fischer
Philosophy Faculty Publications
Placed side by side, James' A Pluralistic Universe and Addams’s Twenty Years at Hull-House seem to have little in common. James’s critique of absolute idealism is written for intellectuals comfortable with philosophical abstractions. Twenty Years is full of stories about the lives of poor people and immigrants. Yet, sometime after April 1909, when A Pluralistic Universe appeared, and before November 1910, when Twenty Years was published, Addams inserted a few telling quotations into her manuscript. I will give a reading of Twenty Years as a presentation in real time of James’s pluralistic universe, with both form and contents conveying the …
Atticus The Man,
2016
Ouachita Baptist University
Atticus The Man, Jessica Saunders
English Class Publications
What makes a man, a man? One could argue biology and physical appearance. One could say a certain age determines manhood, or his independence, success in the world, power or achievements. However, masculinity is not fixed, but rather fluid; it is a social construct and what it entails to achieve manhood differs according to culture (Motl). Lee comments on the roles of race and gender dynamics in the early 20th century South throughout her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird. American stereotypes of masculinity include, but are not limited to: competition, power, aggression, and stoicism. Furthermore, manhood is often considered merely …
Torch (April 2016),
2016
University of Southern Maine
Torch (April 2016), Brandon Baldwin, Civil Rights Team Project
Torch: The Civil Rights Team Project Newsletter
Civic and Community Engagement | Civil Rights and Discrimination | Education | Gender and Sexuality | Inequality and Stratification | Politics and Social Change | Public Policy | Race and Ethnicity
Detroit Health Department: Lead Report 2016,
2016
Detroit Health Department
Detroit Health Department: Lead Report 2016, Abdul El-Sayed, Alex B. Hill, Haifa Haroon
Urban Studies and Planning Faculty Research Publications
The Epidemiology team at the Detroit Health Department rigorously stress- tested Detroit’s lead numbers. The findings suggest a true decline in EBLL levels rather than a decrease in lead testing or a change in the characteristics of the children who are being tested.
La Reconstrucción Del Debate En Santa Cruz De La Sierra, Bolivia: Una Herramienta Para La Auto-Descolonización Y El Desarrollo De Un Pensamiento Crítico Entre Jóvenes.,
2016
SIT Graduate Institute - Study Abroad
La Reconstrucción Del Debate En Santa Cruz De La Sierra, Bolivia: Una Herramienta Para La Auto-Descolonización Y El Desarrollo De Un Pensamiento Crítico Entre Jóvenes., Tessa Holtzman
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
Debate improves public speaking ability, critical thinking, and self-‐ confidence. It also empowers students to challenge their beliefs and understand the world around them. It has been used in a variety of educational systems as a developmental tool that promotes democratic citizenship and civic engagement. In Bolivia, however, it is an under-‐used resource. In this essay, I reflect on my experiences teaching and creating sustainable debate programs in partnership with local schools in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. Through an analysis of my successes and failures, I find that differing cultural and economic climates affect the way educators should …
The Impact Of Religion And Culture On Coparenting In Morocco,
2016
SIT Graduate Institute - Study Abroad
The Impact Of Religion And Culture On Coparenting In Morocco, Corrine Ahrabi-Nejad
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
Coparenting is an important relationship between mothers and fathers, which children can benefit from.Coparenting involves the active role mothers and fathers play in raising a child as well as communication between mothers and fathers regarding child related issues. Findings show that positive coparenting relationships lead to overall more satisfaction among both mothers and fathers in terms of child rearing. Additionally, positive parental involvement, especially father involvement, is shown to result in overall better psychological, physiological, and emotional development among children. Identifying ways to create positive interactions and ways to coparent can improve a child’s development. This study involves interviews with …
