Yield Components In Annual Ryegrass And Oats Grown In Association And Monoculture,
2023
Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, México
Yield Components In Annual Ryegrass And Oats Grown In Association And Monoculture, Pedro Arturo Martínez Hernández, A. Martínez-Hernández, E. Cortés Díaz, E. Ojeda
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Earliness of oats and higher growth rate of annual ryegrass later in the season explain the higher forage yield of annual ryegrass+oats association over monocultures (Améndola & Morales, 1997). However, changes in yield components of the species grown in association compared to monoculture have not been explored. This study aimed to determine leaf, stem and dead matter yield in annual ryegrass and oats when grown in association and monoculture at different nitrogen (N) levels.
Field Performance Of An Annual Medic Tolerant Of Sulfonylurea Herbicide Residues,
2023
South Australian Research and Development Institute, Australia
Field Performance Of An Annual Medic Tolerant Of Sulfonylurea Herbicide Residues, Jacob H. Howie, C. A. Bell
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides such as triasulfuron, chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl are used extensively in the cereal-livestock zones of temperate Australia. They are regarded by farmers as effective, cheap and safe-to-apply herbicides with useful levels of residual activity in the year of application. However these residues can persist into following years, particularly in areas with alkaline soils and low rainfall, where their breakdown by microbial action and chemical hydrolysis is significantly reduced. Regenerating pasture legumes typically used in Australian ley farming systems are highly intolerant of even very low residues of SU herbicides (e.g. < 1ppb; Heap, 2000) resulting in severe stunting, reduced dry matter production, lower seed yields, poor persistence and decreased N fixation. In this study we compare the field performance of an artificially induced mutant cultivar (FEH-1) of annual strand medic (Medicago littoralis) with putative tolerance to sulfonylurea …
A New Herbicide (Gf-839) For Long-Term Control Of Annual And Perennial Broad-Leaved Weeds In Grassland,
2023
Dow AgroSciences LLC, UK
A New Herbicide (Gf-839) For Long-Term Control Of Annual And Perennial Broad-Leaved Weeds In Grassland, S. A. Egerton, A. D. Bailey, Louise A. Brinkworth
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The new herbicide GF-839 is a combination of a new active substance aminopyralid and the fully approved active substance fluroxypyr in the quantities 30 g ae/l aminopyralid + 100 g ae/l fluroxypyr. It is an emulsion, water in oil formulation (EO), and will be sold as a foliar acting herbicide for the long-term control of annual and perennial broad-leaved weeds in grassland. Globally aminopyralid can be used for weed control in range and pasture situations and plantations; in addition, uses in oilseed rape and cereals are also being explored. Aminopyralid is the most active halopyridine yet discovered and as a …
Potential Biological Control Agents For Nassella Neesiana (Poaceae) Invading Australian Native Grasslands,
2023
CERZOS, Argentina
Potential Biological Control Agents For Nassella Neesiana (Poaceae) Invading Australian Native Grasslands, F. E. Anderson, M. L. Díaz, D. A. Mclaren
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The introduction and proliferation of exotic stipoid grasses over the past 100 years seriously threatens agricultural productivity and the integrity of Australia's indigenous flora and fauna, particularly its grasslands (McLaren et al., 1998). The full effect on biodiversity by the spread of these grasses is unknown but likely to be major (Hocking, 1998). Conventional control techniques have not stopped the invasion adequately, so it is a priority to find control options to achieve an effective management strategy. A biological control project against Nassella trichotoma and N. neesiana was initiated in 1999 in Argentina. We report on the most recent …
Density And Germination Characteristics Of Seeds Of Bromus Tectorum In Field Seedbanks,
2023
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Density And Germination Characteristics Of Seeds Of Bromus Tectorum In Field Seedbanks, J. A. Young, Charlie D. Clements
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Bromus tectorum is a highly invasive exotic weed that has spread over millions of hectares of grazing land in the semi-arid regions of far western North America. The annual grass is an important grazing resource, but herbage production is highly variable among years, depending on the amount and periodicity of precipitation. When production is abundant, the accumulations of fine-textured, early-maturing herbage increase the chance of ignition and the rate of spread of wildfires. On certain years the area burned in such fires may be several million hectares. Such fires destroy forage resources and degrade watershed quality on extensive areas as …
Perennial Grass Emergence And Establishment Using A Micro-Nutrient Seed Treatment,
2023
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Perennial Grass Emergence And Establishment Using A Micro-Nutrient Seed Treatment, Charlie D. Clements, J. A. Young
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Resource managers have become increasingly frustrated with restoration seeding failures in semi-arid and arid environments. In response to this frustration, some resource managers have attempted restoration seedings using non-conventional methodologies such as propriety seed treatments. The exact nature of these propriety treatments is often confidential, but they generally consist of either nutrient or micro-nutrient enrichment or inoculation with unspecified micro-organisms. One of the more popular propriety seed treatment used in Nevada, USA, is GERM-N-8®. This product is a suspension of nutrients (N 2%, P 14%, and K 3%) applied to dry seed. Resource managers often report excellent success using these …
Comparative Seed Strike Of Temperate, Sub-Tropical And Native Grasses And Herb Species Under Contrasting Environments In Southern Australia,
2023
Department of Primary Industries, Australia
Comparative Seed Strike Of Temperate, Sub-Tropical And Native Grasses And Herb Species Under Contrasting Environments In Southern Australia, Zhongnan Nie, K. F. M. Reed, F. Cameron, B. Clark
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The role of deep-rooted perennials in reducing recharge to mitigate dryland salinity has been recognised widely in Australia recently. Poor seedling establishment is a key limiting factor for the expression of genetic merit for some perennial pasture species. Nie et al. (2004) investigated seedling establishment, and its relationship with rainfall and temperature, of a range of perennial grass and herb species in southern Australia. This paper reports seed strike of a range of perennial pasture species in 2 contrasting environments. There was significant interaction between species and site on seed strike. Environmental conditions caused different establishment outcomes within a …
Forage Yield And Seed Bank Production With New Annual Legumes For The Dryland Conditions In The Araucanía Region In The South Of Chile,
2023
Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Chile
Forage Yield And Seed Bank Production With New Annual Legumes For The Dryland Conditions In The Araucanía Region In The South Of Chile, O. Romero, A. Catrileo, C. Rojas, S. Loi
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In dryland areas of the IX Region of Chile, with a dry period of 150 days with a negative hydrologic balance beef production is based on natural pasture, with low P soils, which produces a low DM yield. The sown pasture for this area is fescue in mixture with subclover. The subclover, has persistence problems and erratic production (Romero & Rojas, 2001). Hard seeded serradella (Ornithophus compressus), soft seeded serradella (O.sativus) and biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus) are annual forage legumes and well adapted to low P levels in the soil (Oram, 1990). The objectives of …
Grass Pellet Bioenergy In The Northeastern Usa,
2023
Cornell University
Grass Pellet Bioenergy In The Northeastern Usa, J. H. Cherney, D. J. R. Cherney
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Grass pellets are a renewable energy supply that combines low technology/small-scale with local production/consumption for a cost effective energy system. There have been significant recent advances in pellet furnace technology and some pellet stove manufacturers now claim their stoves are capable of burning biomass with 5-6% ash content. Cool-season grasses have not been considered acceptable for pelleting and direct combustion in the past due to high ash content. Rain after harvest, however, has been shown to leach significant amounts of potassium and chlorine from grass (Sander, 1997). High yields are possible under lax harvest management (Cherney et al., 2003), producing …
Australian Pasture Systems: The Perennial Compromise,
2023
The University of Western Australia, Australia
Australian Pasture Systems: The Perennial Compromise, L. W. Bell, M. A. Ewing
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Dryland salinity, soil acidification and weed herbicide resistance challenge traditional agricultural production systems in south Australia. The pasture component of such systems rely on annuals like Trifolium subterraneum and Medicago spp. Replacing annual with perennial pastures allows some redress of the sustainability challenges, but few well-adapted species are available (Ewing & Dolling 2003). A range of perennial species are under evaluation to supplement current options. Some of these new perennial pastures may need modified production systems that allow full expression of their productive potential, especially when integrated with annual crops including cereals, pulses and oil seeds. Integrated systems rely on …
Evaluation With Simulation Of Lucerne-Based Cropping Systems To Combat Dryland Salinity In Australia,
2023
University of Adelaide, Australia
Evaluation With Simulation Of Lucerne-Based Cropping Systems To Combat Dryland Salinity In Australia, W. Chen, M. J. Robertson, William D. Bellotti
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Dryland salinity is one of the most significant forms of land degradation that farmers face in Australia. There are currently 2.5 million ha affected by dryland salinity in Australia, and this may rise to 15 million ha over the next 30 to 100 years if no action is taken. National field experiments suggest that adoption of cropping systems that integrate deep-rooted perennials, such as lucerne, are important to reduce dryland salinity. This paper reports simulation results with APSIM (The Agricultural Production Systems Simulator), that have been used to explore climate, soil and agronomic factors affecting effectiveness of lucerne-based phase and …
Response Of Guinea Grass (Panicum Maximum Jacq) To Application Of Cow Dung In South West Nigeria,
2023
Federal University of Agriculture, Nigeria
Response Of Guinea Grass (Panicum Maximum Jacq) To Application Of Cow Dung In South West Nigeria, Olufemi S. Onifade, Jimoh A. Olanite, Alaba O. Jolaosho, O. M. Arigbede, N. K. Tijani
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The yield of forage species from the world's grazing land is limited by poor soil and unproductive species (Jones & Wild, 1975; Cooke, 1982). The use of manure on pasture land not only represents a low cost disposal method but also a means of recycling nutrients for plant growth and counteracting the decreasing organic matter content in most agricultural soils. In agro-pastoral production systems, the interaction between crops and livestock is important. Manures are used mainly to complement inorganic fertiliser in the production of food crops. There is a dearth of information on the response of pasture grass to application …
Riparian Management In Intensive Grazing Systems For Improved Biodiversity And Environmental Quality: Productive Grazing, Healthy Rivers,
2023
Ellinbank Research Institute, Australia
Riparian Management In Intensive Grazing Systems For Improved Biodiversity And Environmental Quality: Productive Grazing, Healthy Rivers, S. R. Aarons, M. Jones-Lennon, P. Papas, N. Ainsworth, F. Ede, J. Davies
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Within high rainfall intensive grazing systems of southern Victoria, riparian zones are often degraded due to vegetation clearing, stock access and inappropriate farm management. Streams in these landscapes often have poor water quality and reduced biodiversity due to degraded terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Improved management of riparian zones depends on developing tools and practices for integration into productive grazing systems. This paper describes the approaches used and the tools developed in the 'Productive Grazing, Healthy Rivers: Improving riparian and in-stream biodiversity' project
A Comparison Of N2O Emissions After Application Of Dairy Slurry On Perennial Grass Or Bare Soil Prior To Planting An Annual Crop In Coastal British Columbia, Canada,
2023
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada
A Comparison Of N2O Emissions After Application Of Dairy Slurry On Perennial Grass Or Bare Soil Prior To Planting An Annual Crop In Coastal British Columbia, Canada, Shabtai Bittman, C. G. Kowalenko, A. Friesen, D. E. Hunt
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Because of restrictions on land application of manure in autumn and winter, dairy farmers in coastal British Columbia (BC) must apply half of their annual manure supply from mid-Feb. to mid-April. Although two thirds of their land is in perennial grass, most of this manure is applied to bare soil, usually maize land, prior to planting. This is done for convenience and to avoid damaging grass stands with equipment traffic. Farmers are encouraged to allocate more manure to grass to minimise soil NO3 concentrations after maize harvest, because maize takes up less N than grass, and the bare fields …
Effect Of Temporary Grasslands Of Different Age, Composition And Management On Winter Wheat Yields In A Crop Rotation,
2023
Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium
Effect Of Temporary Grasslands Of Different Age, Composition And Management On Winter Wheat Yields In A Crop Rotation, B. Deprez, R. Lambert, A. Peeters
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Organic nitrogen (N) accumulates in the soil in temporary grasslands. This accumulation is especially important when mineral N fertilisation is high. Legume-based temporary grasslands may also supply the soil with nitrogen through fixation of atmospheric N, for instance in organic farming. When ploughing temporary grassland, great amounts of mineral nitrogen can be released through the process of decomposition and mineralisation of soil organic matter. This mineral nitrogen can be taken up by succeeding crops. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of temporary grasslands of different ages, N fertilisation levels and legume contents on winter wheat yields …
Black Medick - A Beneficial Companion Crop For Use In Organic Grass Production,
2023
OSEVA PRO Ltd., Czech Republic
Black Medick - A Beneficial Companion Crop For Use In Organic Grass Production, R. Macháč, B. Cagaš
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Organic farmers must use only organically produced seed for establishing new meadows and for, renovation and undersowing of old pastures, in accordance with EC regulations. Therefore an important and difficult goal is to obtain enough seed of grasses without the use of pesticides and inorganic fertilisers. The seed yield is closely related to the number of fertile tillers, which depends on adequate nitrogen in the soil. Growing grasses for seed with a legume, as a companion crop, is one possibility for providing a source of organic nitrogen. Aamlid (1999) claimed that growing timothy together with white clover or alsike clover …
The Suitability For Organic Cattle Beef Production Of Mixed Farming Systems In The Highlands Of North East Portugal,
2023
Escola Superior Agrária de Bragança, Portugal
The Suitability For Organic Cattle Beef Production Of Mixed Farming Systems In The Highlands Of North East Portugal, J. M. Pires, M. Rodrigues, F. Sousa, A. Bernardo, J. C. Pires, J. Cabanas, H. Resendes, M. J. Ferreira, M. I. Silva, N. Moreira
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The EC Reg. 1804/99 takes account of animal production in organic farming. However, these specifications may limit implementation and expansion of organic animal production, due to environmental and system constraints. Mixed farming, as defined by Spedding (1988) and Grigg (1996), is commonly practiced in the NE highlands of Portugal. Two farms were studied in this region in order to evaluate their suitability for organic cattle beef production, taking account of the technical specifications of the EC regulation.
Implications Of Land Use Changes On The Yields In Dry Matter, Energy And Protein Of Range And Crop Fields In Zamfara Reserve, Northwestern Nigeria,
2023
Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Nigeria
Implications Of Land Use Changes On The Yields In Dry Matter, Energy And Protein Of Range And Crop Fields In Zamfara Reserve, Northwestern Nigeria, B. S. Malami, P. H. Y. Hiernaux, H. M. Tukur, B. Rischkowsky
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The Zamfara reserve is a 235,500 ha grazing land within the Sudan savannah zone (12º 10' - 13º 05 N; 6º 30' - 7º15' E) of north western Nigeria. Rainfall varies from 500mm in the north to 800mm in the south of the reserve, and is restricted within the months of May - September. The reserve is an important grazing site for the herds of sedentary, transhumant and agro pastoralists. Population growth within the farming communities in the reserve has led to the conversion of more grazing land to croplands. This work was carried out to evaluate the quantity and …
Effect Of Dairy Effluent On Turnip Yields,
2023
Department of Primary Industries, Australia
Effect Of Dairy Effluent On Turnip Yields, Joe L. Jacobs, G. N. Ward, Frank R. Mckenzie
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Dairy effluent is a significant point source in the pollution of waterways. Only 50% of dairy farms in the dryland regions of Victoria, Australia, have suitable dairy effluent systems of which only 25% are managed effectively (IRIS Research 2000). Despite many farmers viewing effluent as an undesirable waste, it contains relatively large amounts of agronomically valuable nutrients especially nitrogen (N) and potassium (K). Results are reported from the first two years of a three year study comparing turnip leaf and root dry matter (DM) responses to a range of dairy effluent rates.
Nitrogen Use Efficiency Of Specialized Dairy Farms In Flanders: Evolution And Future Goals,
2023
Flemish Policy Research Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Belgium
Nitrogen Use Efficiency Of Specialized Dairy Farms In Flanders: Evolution And Future Goals, Frank Nevens, I. Verbruggen, M. Meul, D. Reheul
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Efficient use of nutrients is one of the major aims of eco-efficient and sustainable agricultural production systems. We determined the nitrogen use efficiency of a representative set of specialised dairy farms in Flanders, between 1989-1990 and 2000-2001 and set achievable eco-efficiency targets for sustainability.
