Estilosantes Campo Grande In Brazil: A Tropical Forage Legume Success Story,
2023
EMBRAPA, Brazil
Estilosantes Campo Grande In Brazil: A Tropical Forage Legume Success Story, Celso D. Fernandes, Bela Grof, S. Chakraborty, Jaqueline R. Verzignassi
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Estilosantes Campo Grande (ECG) is a mixture (80/20 by weight) of Stylosanthes capitata and S. macrocephala, derived through genetic combination of selected accessions by open crossing over 6 generations (Grof et al., 2001). The cultivar is the result of >10 years of research on a collection of >1000 ecotypes of Stylosanthes species collected and maintained by Embrapa. The main use of ECG in Brazil is to improve grass-dominant pastures. It has good persistence with Brachiaria spp., Panicum maximum (Tanzania-1 and Mombaça) and Andropogon gayanus. It has excellent adaptation to low fertility sandy soils and is persistent under …
Forage Peanut (Arachis Pintoi): A High Yielding And High Quality Tropical Legume For Sustainable Cattle Production Systems In The Western Brazilian Amazon,
2023
EMBRAPA, Brazil
Forage Peanut (Arachis Pintoi): A High Yielding And High Quality Tropical Legume For Sustainable Cattle Production Systems In The Western Brazilian Amazon, Judson F. Valentim, C. M. S. De Andrade
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The State of Acre had 1.45 million ha of pastures and a cattle herd of 1.95 million heads in 2003. Since 1998, the increasing area affected by the death of Marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha) led farmers in Acre to search for alternatives to maintain productivity and profitability of their production systems. However, the traditional strategy of converting primary forest areas into pastures has been severely restricted by strong enforcement of environmental legislation by state and federal agencies. This forced farmers to search for alternative technologies to reclaim degraded pastures and to intensify their production systems. Tropical kudzu ( …
Tropical Kudzu (Pueraria Phaseoloides): Successful Adoption In Sustainable Cattle Production Systems In The Western Brazilian Amazon,
2023
EMBRAPA, Brazil
Tropical Kudzu (Pueraria Phaseoloides): Successful Adoption In Sustainable Cattle Production Systems In The Western Brazilian Amazon, Judson F. Valentim, C. M. S. De Andrade
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In 1976 the Program for Reclamation, Improvement and Management of Pastures in the Brazilian Amazon (PROPASTO), conducted by Embrapa, established on-farm experiments in the State of Acre. These experiments consisted of introducing and evaluating grass and grass-legume stands, both under cutting and grazing. Similar experiments were established in all states in the region. Since then, research has recommended new species of grasses, legumes and grass-legume associations for establishment of improved pastures in the Brazilian Amazon. The grass cultivars recommended were an instant success with farmers, with Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu becoming the predominant species, occupying approximately 80% of the total …
Arachis Pintoi In The Humid Tropics Of Colombia: A Forage Legume Success Story,
2023
International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Colombia
Arachis Pintoi In The Humid Tropics Of Colombia: A Forage Legume Success Story, E. Lascano Carlos, M. Peters, F. Holmann
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Cattle liveweight gain and milk yield can be depressed significantly on grass alone pastures that degrade over time on the margins of tropical forest. Use of legumes in pastures is an alternative to minimize declines in quality and quantity of forage biomass and thus increase livestock production. From 1987-90, forage researchers in CIAT collaborated with several institutions in the Piedmont region of the Amazon basin in Caqueta, Colombia on selection of forage germplasm adapted to acid soils and with potential to reclaim large areas of degraded pastures in cattle farms of the region. The most successful pasture was the legume/ …
Centrosema Pascuorum In Australia’S Northern Territory: A Tropical Forage Legume Success Story,
2023
Berrimah Agricultural Research Centre, Australia
Centrosema Pascuorum In Australia’S Northern Territory: A Tropical Forage Legume Success Story, A. G. Cameron
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Centurion (Centrosema pascuorum), an annual legume, was first sown for evaluation in the Northern Territory in the late 1970s (Cameron & McCosker, 1986; Clements et al.,1984). The bred cultivar Cavalcade (Line 2/2, Cameron, 2003b) was released in 1984, and Bundey (CPI 75115, Cameron, 2003a) in 1986. Seed availability limited the use of the legume for 10 years. In the Northern Territory, it is now used mainly as a hay crop, but is used also as a component of grazed mixed pastures. Most of the hay is made into feed cubes and pellets to feed cattle in the …
Leucaena: Sustainable Crop And Livestock Production Systems In Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, Indonesia,
2023
Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Australia
Leucaena: Sustainable Crop And Livestock Production Systems In Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, Indonesia, C. Piggin, Jacob Nulik
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In the late 1800s/early 1900s, population increases, slash and burn cropping, wildfires, livestock, and weeds led to extensive losses of natural vegetation and land degradation in the semi-arid islands of Nusa Tenggara Timur province, E Indonesia. In the 1930s-60s, villagers, government institutions and NGOs recognized the need to reduce degradation and increase production. They developed and promoted more sustainable fallow systems, based on the use of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala), introduced several centuries earlier from central America.
Sesbania Grandiflora: A Successful Tree Legume In Lombok, Indonesia,
2023
University of Mataram, Indonesia
Sesbania Grandiflora: A Successful Tree Legume In Lombok, Indonesia, D. Hasniati, M. Shelton
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Sesbania (Sesbania grandiflora) is a multi-function tree. Its main use is as a livestock feed in southern Lombok, Indonesia, the major region for goat and cattle production. It is the main (and sometimes the only) component of ruminant diets (Dahlanuddin, 2001). A national program, aimed initially at improving soil fertility and replanting barren areas, formally introduced it to Lombok in the 1970s (Suseno, 1990).
Stylo Adoption In Thailand: Three Decades Of Progress,
2023
Department of Livestock Development, Thailand
Stylo Adoption In Thailand: Three Decades Of Progress, Chaisang Phaikaew, Michael D. Hare
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Stylosanthes forage legume was very popular in Thailand for >30 years. S. humilis (Townsville) was the first popular species (late 1960s). It tolerated heavy grazing and grew very well along roads on free-draining upland soils, but anthracnose destroyed it in 1976. S. hamata (Verano; more resistant) replaced it and stimulated of large-scale pasture development. From 1976-84, the Dept of Livestock Development (DLD) launched a project to improve 32Kha of communal grazing land by oversowing Verano (circa 250t seed/year). This project has been sustained until the present time. Stylo now is used mainly for private grazing and cut-and-carry feeding for cattle. …
An In Vitro Investigation Of Forage Factors Which Affect The Production Of Conjugated Linoleic Acid And Trans Vaccenic Acid In The Rumen. I. Grass Species,
2023
Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, UK
An In Vitro Investigation Of Forage Factors Which Affect The Production Of Conjugated Linoleic Acid And Trans Vaccenic Acid In The Rumen. I. Grass Species, Michael R. F. Lee, C. Hodgkins, J. K. S. Tweed, Nigel D. Scollan, R. J. Dewhurst
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Extensive, pasture-based systems appear to offer the most cost-effective and natural means of cis 9 trans 11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) levels of milk fat. However, since most regions in Europe rely increasingly on conserved forages for winter feeding of lactating animals, it is necessary to develop feeding systems for both fresh and conserved forage diets. An understanding of the mechanisms that cause the differences in CLA response to conservation is an essential pre-requisite to this task. This study investigated whether grass species affected CLA and trans vaccenic acid (TVA) production in an in vitro system.
Water Soluble Carbohydrate Content Of Two Cultivars Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne) At Eight European Sites,
2023
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweeden
Water Soluble Carbohydrate Content Of Two Cultivars Of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne) At Eight European Sites, Magnus A. Halling, A. C. Longland, S. D. Martens, L. Nesheim, P. O'Kiely
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Grasses with high levels of WSC have been shown to enhance livestock production (Miller et al., 1999). This has led to the development of perennial ryegrass (PRG) cultivars that can accumulate high levels of WSC. The aim of this experiment was to determine if the genetic potential to accumulate high levels of WSC was expressed under varying conditions.
Selection For Tillering In Lolium Multiflorum L. In Texas Usa,
2023
Texas A&M University
Selection For Tillering In Lolium Multiflorum L. In Texas Usa, L. R. Nelson, G. W. Evers, M. J. Parsons
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Annual ryegrass is an important cool season forage in Texas and across the southern USA with approximately 2 million ha planted annually. Early tillering will enhance the leaf area index and the amount of photosynthesis which will improve seedling vigor and early forage production. The objective of this study was to determine if it was possible to select for early tiller (shoot) production in a diploid and tetraploid annual ryegrass breeding population. We expect early tiller production would be correlated with improved early season forage production with annual ryegrass.
Effects Of Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars On Traits For Improved Animal Performance,
2023
Wageningen University, The Netherlands
Effects Of Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars On Traits For Improved Animal Performance, Harm J. Smit, B. M. Tas, Hassan Z. Taweel, J. Dijkstra, Anjo Elgersma, S. Tamminga
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The use of quality parameters in grass breeding is limited. There may be options to improve grass cultivars (cvs) for improved animal performance.
Rumen Degradation Characteristics Of Four Species Of Native Pastures From Central Mexico In Three Growing Periods,
2023
Universidad Autónoma del Estadode México, Mexico
Rumen Degradation Characteristics Of Four Species Of Native Pastures From Central Mexico In Three Growing Periods, A. A. Rayas, A. M. J. Espinoza‐Ortega, J. G. Estrada‐Flores, C. Arriagal, F. Mould, O. A. Castelán-Ortega
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The smallholder cattle systems of the Toluca valley in central Mexico are based on the use of maize and native grasses. Research has been devoted to nutritional characterisation of improved pastures, but native species of grasses have not been studied, despite their importance. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the in vitro rumen degradation kinetics of four species of native pastures.
The Impact Of Continuous Grazing By Free Ranging Sheep On The Structure And Botanical Composition Of Grassland As Determined By Multivariate Analysis,
2023
Gorgan University of Agricultural and Natural Resources Sciences, Iran
The Impact Of Continuous Grazing By Free Ranging Sheep On The Structure And Botanical Composition Of Grassland As Determined By Multivariate Analysis, G. A. Heshmati
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Grazing shapes the botanical composition of vegetation at the landscape level (Oksanen et al., 1995). Sheep seek spatially scattered plants of nearly constant and high nutritional value. There is strong interaction between the grazing behaviour of the sheep and the structure of the plant community that it grazes (Squires, 1981). This paper examines the situation in a grassland vegetation grazed by free-ranging sheep in a semi arid region of North Eastern Iran.
Sheep Grazing During Drought Collapses The Perennial Grass Resource In Australian Semiarid Wooded Grasslands,
2023
CSIRO, Australia
Sheep Grazing During Drought Collapses The Perennial Grass Resource In Australian Semiarid Wooded Grasslands, K. C. Hodgkinson, S. G. Marsden, W. J. Muller
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Grazing of sheep in arid grasslands is risky; sudden shifts to lower functional states may occur when the ecosystem is stressed (Scheffer et al., 2001). To avoid the stresses that shift states, easy-to-recognise critical thresholds need to be identified (Westoby et al., 1989). Preliminary analysis of perennial grass survival in a drought indicated a critical threshold based on co-occurrence of drought and grazing. Crossing this threshold collapses grass populations (Hodgkinson, 1994). Here we examine the relationships between basal area change and rainfall and grazing levels based on a 10-year period and propose a management guideline.
Impacts Of Strategic Grazing On Density And Ground Cover Of Naturalised Hill Pasture,
2023
Department of Primary Industries, Australia
Impacts Of Strategic Grazing On Density And Ground Cover Of Naturalised Hill Pasture, Zhongnan Nie, P. E. Quigley, R. P. Zollinger
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Low ground cover by perennial species is a major problem in naturalised pasture on steep hill country in southern Australia. This leads to water and nutrient runoff, recharge to groundwater, and soil erosion, all of which impact on the environmental sustainability and profitability of grazing enterprises. Restoration of perennial components, particularly the native grasses for these marginal land classes, is of great importance for improving water balance, halting land degradation (Ridley et al. 1997), extending growing season, and increasing pasture production. The objective of this study was to use strategic grazing management to increase the ground cover and plant …
Effects Of Vegetation Structure And Plant Height When Grazed On Persistency Of Meadow Fescue Pasture,
2023
National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, Japan
Effects Of Vegetation Structure And Plant Height When Grazed On Persistency Of Meadow Fescue Pasture, K. Sudo, Y. Ogawa, K. Umemura
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
An intensive grazing technique using meadow fescue (Mf) pasture has been developed in northern Japan, where soil freezes in winter. It has been shown that the appropriate plant height of Mf pasture when grazed for persistency is about 27 cm. When Mf and perennial ryegrass (Pr) pastures were grazed at the same plant height of 20 cm, vegetation of Mf pasture declined and plant length of Mf pasture was longer than that of Pr pasture (Sudo et al., 2002). These phenomena might be due to the effects of differences in grass species and plant height when grazed on vegetation …
Stylo In China: A Tropical Forage Legume Success Story,
2023
Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, China
Stylo In China: A Tropical Forage Legume Success Story, Guodao Liu, S. Chakraborty
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Although Stylosanthes gracilis was the first stylo to be introduced as a green manure cover crop for young rubber plantations in 1961, the S. guianensis cultivars Cook and Graham introduced in the 1970s and 1980s were largely responsible for the stylo revolution in China. Before serious anthracnose outbreaks, these cultivars covered over 13,000 ha in southern China. Anthracnose had shifted emphasis to S. guianensis CIAT184 and successful cultivars originate from this introduction (Guodao et al., 2004). Well-adapted varieties are now available for much of southern China and in 2003, the total area of stylo exceeded 200,000 ha. Stylo development …
Intake, Digestibility And Rate Of Passage Of Grass In Grazing By Light Breed Horses On Different Pastures,
2023
Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Japan
Intake, Digestibility And Rate Of Passage Of Grass In Grazing By Light Breed Horses On Different Pastures, Masahito Kawai, N. Yabu, T. Asa, K. Deguchi, S. Matsuoka
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In a previous study, grazing light breed horses could ingest CP and DE requirements for maintenance without supplements. However, their grazing behaviour, such as biting and chewing efficiency, which related to the passage rate of forage in the digestive tract and fibre digestibility, was affected by the pasture conditions (Kawai et al., 2004). In this study, the DM intake, digestibility and mean retention time (MRT) of grass in light breed horses were determined and compared in spring, summer and autumn on an improved pasture.
Sustainable Semi-Arid Grazing Management Based On Indigenous Shona Practices Prior To Introduction Of Western Ideas In Zimbabwe,
2023
Njeremoto Biodiversity Institute, Zimbabwe
Sustainable Semi-Arid Grazing Management Based On Indigenous Shona Practices Prior To Introduction Of Western Ideas In Zimbabwe, O. Mugweni, R. Mugweni
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In the Shona culture the land, i.e. the plants, animals, soil, water, air and others, evolved with herding animals. Hence, the absence of one results in the destruction of the other. It is argued that the conventional grazing management belief that too many animals cause overgrazing is a misconception of the semi-arid savanna environments of Southern Africa where these environments evolved with thousands of herding grazers and mega-faunas such as elephants, wildebeests and buffalo. The objective of the research is to establish that grazing with an adequate recovery period for grazed plants, as a result of domesticated animals being managed …
