Medical Humanities Commons^™

Insulin Responses, Diet Composition, And Fat Loss, Amanda Finn

All ETDs from UAB

Some but not all studies show participants who have higher baseline insulin responses lose more weight on a low glycemic load compared to a high glycemic load diet. Most prior research tested the relationship between insulin and weight changes with only one insulin response variable, such as insulin from an orally or intravenously (IV) administered metabolic test. We tested whether insulin responses (IV or oral) predicted changes in body fat among participants undergoing diet-induced weight loss. This study was a secondary analysis of a clinical trial. In the parent study, participants were randomized to either a reduced carbohydrate (ReducedCHO) or …

Does Ceo Education Matter? The Relationship Between Doctoral-Educated Hospital Ceos And Organizational Performance, Kofi Ali Cash

All ETDs from UAB

One of the most pressing issues in healthcare strategic leadership research is identifying which hospital chief executive officer (CEO) characteristics possess a significant and favorable relationship to organizational performance. However, little is known about the relationship between hospitals led by doctoral-educated CEOs and organizational performance. This study adds to our knowledge by examining the relationship between doctoral-educated hospital CEOs and selected financial and patient safety outcomes. UET served as the theoretical framework and guided the examination of the relationship between the selected dependent and independent variables. This study’s population included 509 acute-care hospitals across nine states, requiring a minimum four-year …

Impact Of Federally Qualified Health Centers (Fqhc) And Look-Alikes (Fqhc Lal) Participating In The 340b Drug Pricing Program, Shannon Burger

All ETDs from UAB

The 340B Drug Pricing Program intends to enable community health providers to deliver care more easily to vulnerable populations. Safety net providers were designated as eligible entities through an act of Congress and were allowed access to prescription drug savings. Existing studies have focused on hospital participation in the program, overlooking the impact of Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) and FQHC Look-alikes (FQHC LAL) and legislative intent. This study aimed to fill this gap by comparing the effectiveness of FQHCs and FQHC LALs participating in the 340B Drug Pricing Program. Specifically, the study examined the influence of the status of …

A Perspective On The Strategy For Advancing Etvax, An Anti-Etec Diarrheal Disease Vaccine, Into A Field Efficacy Trial In Gambian Children: Rationale, Challenges, Lessons Learned, And Future Directions, M Jahangir Hossain, Ann-Mari Svennerholm, Nils Carlin, Umberto D'Alessandro, Thomas F Wierzba

Faculty and Staff Publications

For the first time in over 20 years, an Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccine candidate, ETVAX®, has advanced into a phase 2b field efficacy trial for children 6-18 months of age in a low-income country. ETVAX® is an inactivated whole cell vaccine that has gone through a series of clinical trials to provide a rationale for the design elements of the Phase 2b trial. This trial is now underway in The Gambia and will be a precursor to an upcoming pivotal phase 3 trial. To reach this point, numerous findings were brought together to define factors such as safe and …

Is Racial Diversity Important When Applying To Jmu Pa Program?, Gaelyn E Young, Deonte J. Hope

Physician Assistant Capstones, 2020-current

The Physician Assistant profession is predominantly female and Caucasian. In order to increase the diversity of the profession at the level of the workforce, it is necessary to examine PA programs' role as the entryway into the profession. To that end, this evaluation aimed at surveying current and future PA students at James Madison University to understand whether racial diversity of both the program's cohort and/or its faculty was a factor in their decision to apply and/or attend the school.

Self-Care Practices For Common Acute Conditions In The Philippines: A Scoping Review, Arianna Maever Loreche, Veincent Christian F. Pepito, Manuel M. Dayrit

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Purpose

This review aimed to identify and map published studies on self-care practices to manage common acute health conditions in the Philippines.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a scoping review in PubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest Central, Journal Storage (JSTOR) and the Philippine Council for Health Research and Development – Health Research and Development Information Network (HERDIN). The authors included all studies on self-care practices to manage common acute conditions, namely low back pain, allergic rhinitis, general acute pain, cough, cold, diarrhea, constipation and stress, published up to 2021 in the Philippines. Information on …

Restorative Recreation: A Medical Humanities Course Relating Nature Prescription, Avocation, And Creation Care To Human And Ecosystem Health, Patrick C. Swanson, Keirien L. Taylor, Thomas J. Schechter

Jesuit Higher Education: A Journal

Although there is increasing awareness of the relationships between ecosystem health, access to and interaction with nature, and human wellness, examples of instructional activities to convey these issues in medical education are limited. To address this need, P.C.S. developed a five week elective course for up to twelve students within a medical humanities curriculum. Students discuss themes covered in multi-media assignments, hike at a regional nature center, and write a final reflection essay. Discussion topics include nature-deficit disorder, nature immersion, nature prescription, creation care, social determinants of nature access and environmental health, and restorative recreation as an avocation. Follow-up surveys …

Wellness Review 2023, Part 1, Brian A. Ferguson, Martin Huecker

Journal of Wellness

Introduction: The 2023 Part 1 summary reviews research on wellness in healthcare professionals published outside of JWellness from January 1, 2023 to June 30, 2023.

Methods: Editors conducted a Boolean search of titles and abstracts in PubMed utilizing keyword identifiers pairing healthcare personnel (providers, nurses, and other staff) with a well-being metric. Of 416 relevant articles, an intriguing and innovative 30 were selected for inclusion, with two additional articles manually curated.

Literature in Review: This sample of the recent literature into healthcare professional wellness included multiple targeted interventions and studies of resilience. Main themes that emerged include: positive systematic healthcare …

Poetic Representations Of Covid-19 Narratives: An Exploration Of Emotional Experiences During The Pandemic, Isha Harshe, Lindy Davidson

The Qualitative Report

In pivotal moments of history like the COVID-19 pandemic, it is critical to attend to and preserve the stories of different people experiencing the same phenomenon in their own ways. This project analyzed the public’s emotional experiences during the pandemic using methods of narrative and poetic inquiry. After reading 105 entries from the Pandemic Journaling Project, an online platform where people anonymously published journal entries reflecting on their pandemic experiences, narratives were categorized based on ten prominent emotional themes: anger, anxiety, fatigue, fear, loneliness, longing, loss, loss of control, stress, and uncertainty. Found poems were constructed for each emotion …

Art Of Aging – A Portraiture Study, Alaina Mann

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

The process of aging can be viewed through different lenses within our society. In the past, scientists and medical professionals performed various studies to better understand and analyze different facets of aging, medicine, and health in general. Historically the arts have reflected multiple aspects of medicine and treatments while more recently, the arts have been used in a research capacity to provide different ways to represent illness, suffering, and care. This study used art-based research methods and portraiture to gather qualitative observations on the older populations within our community. Data collected included drawings, a field journal, and interviews. This study …

Medical Tourism & Communication, Alicia Mason

Faculty Submissions

Medical tourism (MT), sometimes referred to as health tourism or medical travel, involves both the treatment of illness and the facilitation of wellness, with travel. Medical tourism is a multifaceted and multiphase process involving many agents and actors that requires careful planning and execution. The coordinated process involves the biomedical, transportation, tourism, and leisure industries. From the communication perspective, the process can be viewed as a 5-stage model consisting of the: (a) orientation, (b) preparation, (c) experiential and treatment, (d) convalescence, and (e) reflection phases. Medical tourism is uniquely situated in a nexus of academic literature related to communication, business …

Safety And Immunogenicity Of Etvax®, An Oral Inactivated Vaccine Against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Diarrhoea: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Amongst Finnish Travellers To Benin, West Africa, Anu Kantele, Marianna Riekkinen, T Sakari Jokiranta, Sari H Pakkanen, Jukka-Pekka Pietilä, Anu Patjas, Mari Eriksson, Tamim Khawaja, Peter Klemets, Kati Marttinen, Heli Siikamäki, Anna Lundgren, Jan Holmgren, Agneta Lissmats, Nils Carlin, Ann-Mari Svennerholm

Faculty and Staff Publications

Background: No licensed human vaccines are available against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), a major diarrhoeal pathogen affecting children in low- and middle-income countries and foreign travellers alike. ETVAX®, a multivalent oral whole-cell vaccine containing four inactivated ETEC strains and the heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB), has proved promising in Phase 1 and Phase 1/ 2 studies.

Methods: We conducted a Phase 2b double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial amongst Finnish travellers to Benin, West Africa. This report presents study design and safety and immunogenicity data. Volunteers aged 18-65 years were randomized 1:1 to receive ETVAX® or placebo. They visited Benin for 12 …

Search For Boosted Dark Matter In Cosine-100, G Adhikari, N Carlin, J J Choi, S Choi, A C Ezeribe, L E França, C Ha, I S Hahn, S J Hollick, E J Jeon, J H Jo, H W Joo, W G Kang, M Kauer, B H Kim, H J Kim, J Kim, K W Kim, S H Kim, S K Kim, W K Kim, Y D Kim, Y H Kim, Y J Ko, D H Lee, E K Lee, H Lee, H S Lee, H Y Lee, I S Lee, J Lee, J Y Lee, M H Lee, S H Lee, S M Lee, Y J Lee, D S Leonard, N T Luan, B B Manzato, R H Maruyama, R J Neal, J A Nikkel, S L Olsen, B J Park, H K Park, H S Park, K S Park, S D Park, R L C Pitta, H Prihtiadi, S J Ra, C Rott, K A Shin, D F F S Cavalcante, A Scarff, N J C Spooner, W G Thompson, L Yang, G H Yu, Cosine-100 Collaboration

Faculty and Staff Publications

We search for energetic electron recoil signals induced by boosted dark matter (BDM) from the galactic center using the COSINE-100 array of NaI(Tl) crystal detectors at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory. The signal would be an excess of events with energies above 4 MeV over the well-understood background. Because no excess of events are observed in a 97.7 kg·yr exposure, we set limits on BDM interactions under a variety of hypotheses. Notably, we explored the dark photon parameter space, leading to competitive limits compared to direct dark photon search experiments, particularly for dark photon masses below 4 MeV and considering the …

Safety, Tolerability, And Immunogenicity Of An Oral Inactivated Etec Vaccine (Etvax®) With Dmlt Adjuvant In Healthy Adults And Children In Zambia: An Age Descending Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Trial, Nsofwa Sukwa, Cynthia Mubanga, Luiza M Hatyoka, Obvious N Chilyabanyama, Mwelwa Chibuye, Samson Mundia, Masiliso Munyinda, Ethel Kamuti, Muyunda Siyambango, Sharif Badiozzaman, Samuel Bosomprah, Nils Carlin, Joanna Kaim, Björn Sjöstrand, Michelo Simuyandi, Roma Chilengi, Ann-Mari Svennerholm

Faculty and Staff Publications

BACKGROUND: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of moderate to severe diarrhoea in children for which there is no licensed vaccine. We evaluated ETVAX®, an oral, inactivated ETEC vaccine containing four E. coli strains over-expressing the major colonization factors CFA/I, CS3, CS5, and CS6, a toxoid (LCTBA) and double mutant heat-labile enterotoxin (dmLT) adjuvant for safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity.

METHODS: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, age-descending, dose-finding trial was undertaken in 40 adults, 60 children aged 10-23 months, and 146 aged 6-9 months. Adults received one full dose of ETVAX® and children received 3 doses of either 1/4 or 1/8 …

The Silence Of Mitotic Figures, Hope K. Haefner Md

Patient Experience Journal

A career in medicine is guided by the patients you treat and those who have taught you to treat these individuals. Communication is of utmost importance in all aspects of healthcare. However, there are times when communication can be difficult. This story takes you through a physician’s experience that led to a career in women’s healthcare, reflecting on the silence that prevailed as her journey began.

Experience Framework

This article is associated with the Staff & Provider Engagement lens of The Beryl Institute Experience Framework (https://theberylinstitute.org/experience-framework/).

• Access other PXJ articles related to this lens.
• Access other resources related …

Medicine And Kindness, A Glorious Concurrence?, Araya Gautam

Patient Experience Journal

This article unfolds the journey of a 28-year-old junior doctor entangled in the throes of a pernicious anemia diagnosis during her travels abroad, a scenario exacerbated by the grip of a COVID-19 lockdown. Adrift without medical insurance and distant from her family, she found herself under the care of a compassionate on-call resident, emphasizing the crucial role of kindness and compassion in her predicament. Her treatment regimen encompassed a series of CBC tests meticulously tracking cobalamin and ferritin levels, complemented by extensive examinations for iron deficiency and a regimen of vital vitamin B12 injections, all carried out under vigilant scrutiny …

The Case For Patient-Reported Pleasure, Preston Long, Tanja Stamm

Patient Experience Journal

Pleasure is a cornerstone of human behavior. Its lack of consideration in the medical sciences has been to the detriment of all patients. The process of including pleasure as a medical outcome has multiple beginnings. A health-related pleasure scale must be developed for clinical purposes and original research must be conducted to establish the added value of measuring pleasure. Treatment comparisons, prediction models for recovery, side-effect investigations, and more may benefit from the collection of patient-reported pleasure. Furthermore, simply inquiring about a patient’s pleasure may serve as a positive intervention by giving them permission to discuss more than the illness …

Social Determinants May Limit The Success Of Pcsk9 Inhibitors, An Effective Treatment For Hyperlipidemia In Statin-Intolerant Patients, Abigail C. Kuplicki

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A clinical decision report using:

Moriarty PM, Thompson PD, Cannon CP, et al. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab vs ezetimibe in statin-intolerant patients, with a statin rechallenge arm: The ODYSSEY ALTERNATIVE randomized trial. J. Clin. Lipidol. 2015;9(6):758-769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2015.08.006

for a statin-intolerant patient with hyperlipidemia.

Psychological Safety And Conflict Management Among Nurse Practitioners In Interprofessional Teams, Scott Tyler Faust

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This quantitative correlational study explored the relationships between perceived psychological safety, conflict management styles, and perceived conflict management success among nurse practitioners (NPs) operating in interprofessional acute or critical care teams in the United States. Despite existing literature on conflict management and psychological safety, there is a noticeable gap concerning the interplay of these factors, specifically among NPs. A multi-item survey was developed from validated measures to assess psychological safety, conflict management success, and conflict management style. The final sample included 944 NPs. The findings revealed a statistically significant difference in the scores of perceived psychological safety, depending on the …

Psychological Violence And Manipulative Behavior In Couple: A Focus On Personality Traits, Carmela Mento, Clara Lombardo, Nicholas Whithorn, Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello, Antonio Bruno, Maura Casablanca, Maria Catena Silvestri

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Psychological violence is characterized by systematic denigration and humiliation of the partner (victim). It is an insidious and manipulative behavior put in place to ensure that the victim begins to doubt themselves, and their own judgments, to the point of feeling confused and wrong. This behavior pattern is called Gaslighting and the personality traits are characterized by lack of empathy, psychopathy, narcissism and Machiavellianism. These three conditions are part of the so-called dark triad and distinguished by the lack of empathy. The aim of this study is to explore psychological aspects and consequences of Gaslighting phenomena. This systematic review was …