Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Commons^™

Challenges In Diagnosing Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome In Children With Kwashiorkor: A Case Report, Christie Hamdali, Sondang Sirait, Adria Rusvita, Bawono Bhakti

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology & Venereology Indonesia

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a type of exfoliating skin disease with high incidence in children. This condition can cause serious morbidity and even mortality with certain comorbid diseases such as malnutrition. Malnutrition could mask the diagnosis of SSSS because of its similarity to numerous differential diagnoses. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis is then essential to determine the proper initial management. This case report presents a 6-month-old male baby with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and kwashiorkor. The patient presented with complaints of multiple erythematous plaques and widespread vesicular lesions that subsequently ruptured, resulting in erosions. Physical examination revealed edema, coarse …

Obesity Risk And Comorbidities Among Colombians In New York City And In Colombia, Carlos A. Devia

Dissertations and Theses

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity and overweight in adults and children continues to increase worldwide, accounting for the mortality and morbidity from several diseases. Obesity disproportionally impacts Latinos in the United States (U.S.), and despite their diversity in origins, ancestry, and culture, it is still unclear the burden of obesity by specific Latino groups. For example, little information is available about how obesity impacts Colombians in the U.S. (the largest South American population). New evidence also indicates that Latino immigrants may no longer be arriving with healthy weight status to the U.S. because Latin American countries are undergoing epidemiologic and …

Nutrition In Times Of Crisis: A Qualitative Study In Siargao Island, Philippines, During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Gideon Lasco, Vincen Gregory Yu, Julie Madelo Compra, Phetdavanh Leuangvilay, Rapeepong Suphanchaimat, Yunting Zhang, Charina Javier

Development Studies Faculty Publications

Objectives

Despite the public-health significance of both malnutrition and crises, little has been done to explore the convergence of the two domains and develop ways to improve policies and practices, especially in rural communities. This article remedies that knowledge gap by focusing on nutrition-related changes, responses, and practices during crisis situations in Siargao Island, Philippines, using the COVID-19 pandemic as a backdrop.

Methods

Forty-six (46) semi-structured interviews were conducted among parents, caregivers, local health workers, and local officials of Del Carmen, Siargao Island. Principles of thematic analysis were applied to data analysis using NVivo 12. Afterwards, the preliminary data were …

Epidemiology Of Island And Mainland Populations: How Does Culture Influence Health Risk Factors Of Non-Communicable, Chronic, And Metabolic Diseases?, Jake Thomas D. Palisoc

Honors Projects

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including chronic and metabolic diseases, are responsible for 74% of global mortality and are strongly influenced by health risk factors. Geographical differences in NCDs have been identified in several countries but have not been completely explained through cultural factors, specifically island and mainland cultures. This study aimed to develop an epidemiological framework for determining diseases with the highest mortality for further investigation regarding different health risk factors rooted in a specific population’s cultural foundations. Preliminary findings indicated diabetes type II (D2) and CKD caused by hypertension and D2 to have the highest risk factor and mortality percentage …

Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis Fluid Composition And Rate In Care Of Type 1 Diabetic Patients, Gabriel Hansen, Janae Langner, Michaela Tarpley

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects: College of Nursing

Objective

Complications of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) include iatrogenic hyperchloremia and acute kidney injury (AKI). The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of decreasing sodium chloride (NaCl) composition in standard DKA fluid resuscitation and the rates/severity of hyperchloremia and AKI in pediatric patients.

Methods

In December 2020, Children’s Hospital and Medical Center (CH&MC) changed the standard base composition of DKA fluids from 0.9% to 0.675% sodium chloride (NaCl) and increased the fluid resuscitation rate for patients over 30kg as a quality improvement project. A retrospective chart review analyzed patients admitted with DKA from January 2019-December 2021, excluding patients …

Genetic Influences On The Response To Neuromodulation In Craving Behaviors, Carly J. Haring

Honors Thesis

Obesity and eating disorders are highly prevalent in the United States. People who suffer from obesity and/or eating disorders face serious health consequences and even death. Current treatments are not effective as recovery rates are low, so there is a dire need for an effective treatment for obesity and eating disorders. There have been studies investigating the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as a means of treatment for these people. While findings show promise, there is much variability. The goal of this study is to further prior …

Clinical Practice Workflow Implementation For The Improvement Of Diabetic Metric Compliance, Sugosh Anur, Sohil Khanna, Alison Mancuso, Alexander Kowalski

Stratford Campus Research Day

Recent guidance suggests the management of screen-detected diabetes can be optimized using multifactorial interventions to improve overall disease burden, patient outcomes, and cost-savings. We explored preventive diabetic care and implemented interventions to increase recommended testing compliance among patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. This study employed a multi-faceted approach beginning with the distribution of surveys to patients in the Stratford Family Medicine Office in order to gauge their health literacy level pertaining to Diabetes management. Patient electronic medical records were evaluated to determine baseline levels for all laboratory values. Data analysis was completed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences …

What More Can Be Done? Childhood Obesity In Glassboro, Nj, N. Mirmanesh, Seth Spicer, Stephen Acheampong, Mary K. Duggan

Stratford Campus Research Day

Childhood obesity is a growing public health concern in the United States, with an estimated 20% of American children being obese. In New Jersey (NJ), 9% of high school students are obese, and there are disparities in obesity rates based on gender, sexual identity, and race/ethnicity. In Gloucester County, NJ, limited data is available on childhood obesity rates, but 36.4% of adults are obese, and lower SES is related to higher rates of obesity in youth. To address this issue, this research poster proposes a partnership with the Boys and Girls Club of Glassboro to provide nutritional resources and create …

The Effects Of Obesity And Diabetes On The Pediatric Population, Keyur Patel, Vrushank Shah, Zachary Harris, Kanad Mukherjee

Stratford Campus Research Day

The World Health Organization has declared diabetes (DM) and Obesity to be epidemics due to their rising prevalence. Obesity plays a role in the aetiopathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, the most common type of diabetes in the world, as well as the development of its complications. Obesity and overweight play a growing role in type 1 diabetes. Weight gain is often thought of as a side effect of insulin therapy, but it also has a significant pathophysiological impact at different stages of the disease. (1) In the United States and other nations across the world, childhood obesity has become a …

Outcomes In Type Ii Diabetes Patients Through The Covid 19 Pandemic A Retrospective Chart Review, Zurwa Nishat, Tara Pellegrino, Robert Steer

Stratford Campus Research Day

Context: The COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique opportunity for urgent expansion of telemedicine services as providers continued to supply longitudinal care to patients. Patients with type II diabetes were vulnerable to serious infection with COVID-19 as well as disruption in management of their chronic disease.

Objective: To delineate the outcomes in type II diabetes patients through the COVID-19 pandemic by a retrospective chart review in which disease management was evaluated through HbA1c levels and BMI.

Methods: This retrospective chart review included adult T2DM patients receiving care from five university family medicine offices in NJ. HbA1c levels and BMI values were …

Food Insecurity And Dietary Restrictions, Courtney Williams, Savana Rodriguez, Tiffany Guerrero, Stephen Acheampong, Vanesa Pizutelli

Stratford Campus Research Day

According to the USDA Food Insecurity affects around 10.2 percent of the US population as of 2021. For families that have members with certain dietary restriction such as, but not limited to diabetes, hypertension, gluten intolerance, lactose intolerance, and food allergies, the challenge of securing food becomes an even greater burden with having to navigate food banks or discount stores that may not offer food items that meet their dietary requirements. Families with dietary restrictions often face greater food insecurity and less access to food. More research is needed to understand the challenges families with dietary restrictions face regarding food …

Immigration Status And Household Income As Predictors Of Childhood Obesity, Bhaumik Patel, Jeffery Powers

Stratford Campus Research Day

Childhood obesity rates have been on a remarkably steep rise in recent years. According to recent literature, the rate in the United States alone has more than doubled compared to other regions in the world such as Australia, Canada and Europe1,2 . Especially in the African immigrant community, there has been speculation of a higher prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States3 . This warranted further investigation into demographic factors impacting childhood obesity rates and their subsequent consequences with other clinical diseases such as diabetes and heart disease. The CDC reports that in 2011-2014, among individuals ages 2 to …

Global Comparison Of Health Policies Focused On Gestational Diabetes: Recognizing Pertinent Gaps, Muskanjot Kaur, Isvita Marfatia, Samarth Gupta, Swetha Sundaram, Anudeep Deevi, Venkat Venkataraman

Stratford Campus Research Day

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition that affects 14.7% of women globally and occurs when a mother develops diabetes during the course of her pregnancy.1 Increased insulin resistance in pregnant mothers can lead to further complications, such as a larger baby, increased risk of the baby developing Type II diabetes, having low blood sugar, and even premature birth, which can lead to respiratory issues. The lack of policies in place to address GDM in various countries worldwide highlights the need for this literature. It is necessary to compile policies that are currently in place and to further discuss …

Association Of Maternal Biomarkers With Gestational Weight Gain And Pre-Eclampsia, Matthew Green, Xinhua Chen

Stratford Campus Research Day

Background: There is convincing evidence that excessive gestational weight gain (GWG), based on the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM) 2009 guidelines, increases the risk of both maternal and neonatal complications.1-6 Although the association between excessive GWG and pre-eclampsia is well-established, the reason why this association exists remains unclear.

Methods: Previously collected data from a cohort of pregnant women in Camden, NJ between the years of 1998-2007 was used to examine the association between maternal serum biomarkers (C-peptide, IGF-1, Insulin and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)) collected at entry (week 16) and 3rd trimester (week 28) and longitudinally assessed gestational …

Mixed Beri’S: High Output Heart Failure From Severe Anemia And Thiamine Deficiency, Rohan Umrani, Hiral Amin, Ashley Pinckney, Charles Yang, Daniel Tran

Stratford Campus Research Day

Background: Severe anemia and thiamine deficiency can independently result in high output heart failure (HOHF) through different mechanisms. Data on the threshold and timeframe at which these etiologies may precipitate HOHF is unclear.

Case: A 63-year-old male with alcohol use disorder consuming 18 drinks/week presented with progressive shortness of breath and lower extremity edema for a few months. Physical exam revealed tachycardia, anasarca, jugular venous distension, Lancisi’s sign, and a midsystolic murmur. Echocardiogram demonstrated EF of 30-35%, dilated left ventricle, and cardiac index of 4.2L/min/m2.

Decision-Making: Heart failure can independently precipitate anemia while severe alcoholism can induce myelosuppression and promote …

Live Well, Eat Well, Be Active With Diabetes Curriculum Improves Type 2 Diabetes Management, Lauren Amaya, Dana Baldwin, Kathy Enyart, Arleen James, Tommie M. James, Penny R. King, Jan Maples, Lindy Peterman, Sara Randolph, Dea Rash, Kelsey Ratcliff, Joy Rhodes, Jessica Riggin, Janis Risley, Danette Russell, Janice Hermann

The Journal of Extension

Type 2 diabetes is a complex disease with several modifiable lifestyle factors. The Extension ‘Live well, Eat well, be Active with Diabetes’ curriculum provides four 90-minute lessons teaching individuals to live well, eat well, and be active with diabetes. Fourteen Extension educators implemented and evaluated the curriculum with 107 participants. Participants reported the program helped them feel better able to take care of their health. We observed significant differences in participants’ retrospective pre and post ‘Live well,’ ‘Eat well’ and ‘be Active’ total scores. Extension has a unique opportunity to educate individuals so they may better manage their diabetes.

Implementing A Prescreening Process To Fully Assess Risk Factors And Outcomes Associated With Obesity And Hepatic Steatosis To Prevent Cirrhosis, Shana Broussard, Jennifer Eaglebarger

Doctoral Projects

Fatty liver disease can be treated if is identified in the initial stages of the disease. Once the disease progresses to fibrosis and/or cirrhosis, there is irreversible damage. The leading cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is obesity. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions, with most obese individuals not fully cognizant of the repercussions of prolonged obesity. Other risk factors for fatty liver disease are uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Certain medications can also increase the risk of fatty liver disease. Currently, there is no prescreening tool to identify patients who are at risk for fatty liver disease. The researchers …

Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Proposed Mechanisms Of Pathophysiology And The Underlying Dysregulation Of Brain-Gut Interaction, Hailey Haddix

Senior Honors Theses

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disease of the gastrointestinal tract affecting approximately 11-21% of people worldwide (Xiao et al., 2021). This research focuses on the dysregulation of gut homeostasis in IBS and explains how the pathophysiology of the gut is controlled by the bidirectional brain-gut axis. The mechanisms of the brain-gut axis consist of neuro-immune cross talk, neuro-hormone cross talk, microbiome-gut signaling, and the HPA-axis. Each of these contribute to one or more of the possible phenotypes of gut pathophysiology, which could include intestinal permeability, visceral hypersensitivity, and motility disturbance (Xiao et al., 2021). Stress is also an important …

Prevention Of Obesity-Related Morbidity & Mortality In Adults, Rachelle Virgin

Masters Theses/Capstone Projects

Poster presentation on the prevention of obesity related morbidity and mortality in adults.

A Case Of Unilateral Jerking Movements In A Patient With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Mark Cheneler, Tapannita Padhi, Khizir Qureshi, Carlos Bahrami

North Texas Research Forum 2023

Hemichorea-hemiballismus (HCHB) syndrome is a syndrome characterized by choreic movements which are irregular, nonrepetitive, and random movements and ballismus which are spontaneous, violent movements. HCHB syndrome is a rare presentation which can be precipitated by uncontrolled diabetes and is thought to have multiple plausible mechanisms. One mechanism of HCHB with uncontrolled diabetes is ischemic injury in the basal ganglia causing impaired gross motor control. Presented here is a case of HCHB syndrome initially seen on imaging and later correlated with physical examination. This patient presented for nonspecific complaints of fatigue, generalized weakness, and lower extremity weakness. On evaluation by EMS …