Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Commons^™

Determinants Of Abdominal Obesity In Adults (19 – 44 Years Old) In Riau Islands Province (Analysis Of Ski 2023 Data), Hanifah Mulia Rachman, Triyanti Triyanti, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika, Kusharisupeni Djokosujono

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Abdominal obesity is a condition characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the abdominal region, which can increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. In 2023, Riau Islands Province recorded the highest prevalence of abdominal obesity in the island of Sumatra, at 42.5%. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of abdominal obesity among adults aged 19–44 years in Riau Islands Province based on gender, using secondary data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI). A total of 3,466 respondents were analyzed using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. The results showed that the prevalence …

Perceived Benefits And Side Effect Of High-Fiber, High-Protein Meal Replacements In Weight Loss Programs, Esti Nurwanti, Harry Fl Muhammad, Naufal M. Nurdin

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Obesity is a major risk factor for chronic diseases and early mortality. Although dietary counseling is essential in managing obesity, maintaining a calorie deficit and preventing weight regain remain difficult. Functional foods like high-protein, high-fiber meal replacements may enhance adherence and support weight loss. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the subjective outcomes of a weight loss program incorporating a protein- and fiber-enriched meal replacement among 73 overweight women aged 20–30 years. Participants were randomized to an intervention group (n=38), receiving dietary counseling plus one daily meal replacement, or a control group (n=35), receiving counseling alone. Both groups followed an 8-week …

Analysis Of Macronutrient Content, Antioxidant Activity, And Organoleptic Quality Of Snack From Jackfruit Seed Flour (Artocarpus Heterophyllus) And Pigeon Pea Flour (Cajanus Cajanus) As A Snack For Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Maya Siwi Tri Nugroho Heni, Tesa Rafkhani

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Snack bars with functional ingredients such as legumes may help regulate blood glucose levels. Jackfruit seeds and pigeon peas are sources of protein, complex carbohydrates, and bioactive compounds. This study aimed to analyze macronutrient content, antioxidant activity, and organoleptic quality of jackfruit seeds and pigeon pea flour snack bars. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) one factor with two replications. The proportions of jackfruit seeds and pigeon pea flour are: F1 (30%:70%), F2 (40%:60%), F3 (50%:50%). Macronutrient content was analyzed using proximate analysis, antioxidant activity using the …

Managing Anticoagulation In A Patient With Calciphylaxis And Mechanical Valve: A Therapeutic Dilemma, Qutaiba Qafisheh, Abdalhakim Shubietah, Mohanad Qwaider, Muath A. Baniowda, Abdalrahman Assaassa, Roaa Aljunaidi, Abubakar Nazir

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Calciphylaxis is a rare, life-threatening vasculopathic syndrome most commonly seen in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and associated with high mortality. Vitamin K antagonists complicate management in patients with mechanical valves by potentially exacerbating vascular calcification while remaining essential for thromboprophylaxis.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 50-year-old woman with ESRD on hemodialysis and a mechanical mitral valve on warfarin presented with severe abdominal pain and rapidly progressive necrotic ulcers. Despite broad-spectrum antibiotics and sodium thiosulfate, lesions worsened. Biopsies were nondiagnostic; however, the clinical phenotype was consistent with calciphylaxis. A multidisciplinary team transitioned anticoagulation from warfarin to subcutaneous unfractionated heparin (UFH) (333 U/kg …

Diabetes-Related Foot Complications And Socioeconomic Influences Among Hispanic Males In South Texas: A Scoping Review, Mariana J. Rodriguez, Demian Rodriguez, Amanda Killeen

School of Podiatric Medicine Publications

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is the 7th leading cause of death in the U.S. and 6th in Texas. South Texas counties have higher diabetes rates than state and national averages. This complex, progressive disease affects multiple body systems and can lead to serious complications, especially in the lower extremities. Uncontrolled diabetes is often associated with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), foot infections, and lower extremity amputations (LEA). South Texas, predominantly Hispanic American, is disproportionately affected. This demographic faces clinical barriers due to a lack of cultural understanding, highlighting the need for culturally sensitive healthcare workers such as promotoras. This study aimed to …

Evaluation Of Vitamin D Status And Its Interrelationships With Different Variables In An Iraqi Cohort Of Kidney Transplant Recipients, Hussein Yousif Sinjari

Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Background: Recent studies have observed that vitamin D insufficiency is quite common among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and has several deleterious effects. Objective: This study aimed to assess vitamin D (VD) status and investigate its relationships with various health variables in KTRs in Erbil, Iraq. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study enrolled 130 consecutive KTRs; their mean age was 39.2 + 11.3 years, and 56.9% were men. Demographic data, comorbidities, and baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics were obtained, recorded, and analyzed. The value of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] > 30 ng/mL was considered sufficient, values of 15-30 ng/mL were insufficient, and a value …

Trajectory Of Iron And Red Cell Parameters In Moderately Anemic Iron-Deficient Pregnant Women Receiving Daily Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation: A Prospective Cohort Study, J. P. Akshaykirthan, Manjunath S. Somannavar, S. Yogeshkumar, M. S. Deepthy, Umesh Charantimath, Amaresh Patil, Mrutyunjaya B. Bellad, Richard Derman, Shivaprasad S. Goudar

Global Health Articles

Background/Objectives: The objective is to study the trajectories of hematologic and biochemical markers in moderately anemic pregnant women receiving oral iron supplementation throughout pregnancy. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted from August 2021 to September 2023 involving 315 pregnant women from rural areas of Belgaum, Karnataka, India, with hemoglobin levels between 7.0 and 9.9 g/dL and serum ferritin < 30 ng/mL and/or TSAT < 20%. Participants received iron-folic acid supplementation (IFAS) as per Anaemia Mukt Bharat guidelines. Blood samples were collected to measure various hematologic and iron markers and compared across each visits. Results: We report a complete adherence rate of 95.3% for iron and 97.8% for folic acid supplementation throughout pregnancy and also observed significant improvements in hemoglobin (9.36 (8.55, 9.74) to 12.03 (11.49, 12.72)) g/dL, hematocrit (29.93 ± 2.87 to …

Integrated Mirna-Mrna Analyses Of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer In Black And White Patients With Or Without Obesity, Fokhrul Hossain, Martha I. Gonzalez-Ramirez, Jone Garai, Diana Polania-Villanueva, Li Li, Farzeen Nafees, Md Manirujjaman, Bolin Liu, Samarpan Majumder, Xiao Cheng Wu, Chindo Hicks, Luis Del Valle, Denise Danos, Augusto Ochoa, Lucio Miele, Jovanny Zabaleta

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive, heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer. miRNAs play an essential role in TNBC pathogenesis and prognosis. Obesity is linked with an increased risk for several cancers, including breast cancer. Obesity is also related to the dysregulation of miRNA expression in adipose tissues. However, there is limited knowledge about race- and obesity-specific differential miRNA expression in TNBC. We performed miRNA sequencing of 48 samples (24 tumor and 24 adjacent non-tumor tissues) and RNA sequencing of 24 tumors samples from Black (AA) and White (EA) TNBC patients with or without obesity. We identified 55 miRNAs exclusively …

Unplanned Hospitalization Among Advanced Prostate Cancer Patients By Diabetes Status: A Population-Based Study, Amy L. Shaver, Krupa Gandhi, Scott W. Keith, Nikita Nikita, Christopher C. Yang, Felix J. Kim, Hushan Yang, William K. Kelly, Stephen J. Freedland, Grace Lu-Yao

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Older adults with advanced prostate cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus are underrepresented in trials of androgen receptor pathway inhibitors. This study examined changes in unplanned hospitalization rates in patients receiving androgen receptor pathway inhibitors by type 2 diabetes mellitus status and assessed if unplanned hospitalization varies according to androgen receptor pathway inhibitors.

METHODS: This population-based study of advanced prostate cancer patients aged older than 66 years used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare data. Prepost androgen receptor pathway inhibitor initiation changes and androgen receptor pathway inhibitor differences in unplanned hospitalization rates were estimated by adjusted incidence rate ratio with …

Socioeconomic Disadvantage, All-Cause And Cause-Specific Mortality In Patients Treated With Maintenance Dialysis: A Mediation Analysis Of Geographical Inequity And Multimorbidity, Farzaneh Boroumand, Wai H. Lim, Shuvo Bakar, Ryan Gately, Pedro Lopez, Dharshana Sabanayagam, Anita Van Zwieten, Lin Zhu, Germaine Wong, Armando Teixeira-Pinto

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Rationale & Objective: Social gradient in health (a “social gradient in health” refers to the observed pattern in which individuals with lower socioeconomic status typically experience poorer health outcomes than those with higher socioeconomic status. This indicates that health disparities exist across different social levels, with the most disadvantaged groups experiencing the worst health outcomes) is significant and established in patients with kidney failure, but the pathways of this relationship are unknown. We aimed to assess the mediating effects of multimorbidity and geographical remoteness in the socioeconomic status (SES)-death associations. Study Design: A cohort study. Setting & Participants: All patients …

The Impact Of Different Antidiabetic Drugs On Fracture Risk In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review And Network Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Controlled Trials With A Focus On Sglt2 Inhibitors, Bushra Admani, Fizza Z. Raza, Fatima Siddiqui, Muhammad T. Ashraf, Muhammad K. Khan, Ifra Habib, Ayesha Usman, Bareeha Mansoor, Zaira Nadeem, Rana J. Ghaffer, Muhammad Riyyan, Sawaira Sajid, Muhammad H. A. Chania, Mahnoor Saleem, Saad Javaid, Nikhil Duseja, Hussam Al Hennawi, Sunita Lakhani

Abington Jefferson Health Papers

SGLT2 inhibitors are a new class of antidiabetic drugs that have shown cardiovascular benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. However, their effects on fracture risk are unclear and may depend on the type and duration of treatment. This meta-analysis compares the fracture risk of different antidiabetic drugs, including SGLT2 inhibitors, based on data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We searched 4 databases for RCTs that reported fracture events in patients with T2DM who received different antidiabetic drugs. We included 117 RCTs that compared 9 types of antidiabetic drugs: SGLT2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, α-glucosidase inhibitors, …

The Interplay Of Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, And Neuroinflammation In Autism Spectrum Disorder: Behavioral Implications And Therapeutic Strategies, Ansab Akhtar, S K. Rahaman

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) deals with several symptoms, including language and speech impairment and developmental delays. The main brain regions affected could be the prefrontal cortex (PFC) or the temporal lobe. The detrimental features could include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Most often, these phenomena are interrelated and can lead to one another, creating a vicious cycle. They also influence the regulation of certain genes involved in the pathogenesis of ASD or related behavior. In the brain regions prone to these detrimental features, a cascade of free radicals, inflammatory cytokines, and mitochondrial energy disruptions is initiated. These actions during …

Sociodemographic, Neighborhood-Level, And Health-Related Factors Associated With Progression To Bariatric Surgery: A Retrospective Chart Review., Angela Godwin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for patients with Class 3 obesity. However, of individuals who start the bariatric surgical process, only about half undergo surgery. Factors associated with completion, including race, have been described; however, consistent evidence on obstacles remains to be identified.

Objectives: To explore variables based on the Social Ecological Model (SEM) that may be related to bariatric surgery completion.

Setting: A large, private hospital with a Bariatric Center of Excellence in New York City

Methods: This retrospective chart review utilized data from adults who established an initial bariatric surgery visit from April 1, 2012, …

Microneedle-Based Lc-Ms/Ms Profiling Of Dermal Interstitial Fluid Reveals Early Lipid Dysregulation Contributing To Painful Neuropathy In Prediabetic And Type 2 Diabetic Rats, Srinivasa Rao Gadam

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN), a complication of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, also occurs in obesity and prediabetes, with dyslipidemia as a modifiable risk factor. The distal-to-proximal neuropathy pattern and length-dependent intraepidermal nerve fiber loss suggest peripheral contributions. We hypothesized that elevated neurotoxic lipid intermediates—diacylglycerols (DAG), free fatty acids (FFA), and acylcarnitines (CARs)—in the dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) drive metabolism-associated hyperalgesia in prediabetic and diabetic rats. Using a microneedle array (MIA) with LC-MS/MS, we profiled ISF and serum lipids from high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD + streptozotocin (STZ) rat models alongside Hargreaves testing. ISF lipid changes appeared earlier (weeks …

Combination Of Irreversible Electroporation And Clostridium Novyi-Nt Bacterial Therapy For Colorectal Liver Metastasis, Zigeng Zhang, Guangbo Yu, Qiaoming Hou, Farideh Amirrad, Sha Webster, Surya M. Nauli, Jianhua Yu, Vahid Yaghmai, Aydin Eresen, Zhuoli Zhang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) poses a significant challenge in oncology due to its high incidence and poor prognosis in unresectable cases. Current treatments, including surgical resection, systemic chemotherapy, and liver-directed therapies, often fail to effectively target hypoxic tumor regions, which are inherently more resistant to these interventions. This review examines the potential of a novel therapeutic strategy combining irreversible electroporation (IRE) ablation and Clostridium novyi-nontoxic (C. novyi-NT) bacterial therapy. IRE is a non-thermal tumor ablation technique that uses high-voltage electric pulses to create permanent nanopores in cell membranes, leading to cell death while preserving surrounding structures, and …

Epigenetic Profiling Of Cell-Free Dna In Cerebrospinal Fluid: A Novel Biomarker Approach For Metabolic Brain Diseases, Kyle Sporn, Rahul Kumar, Kiran Marla, Puja Ravi, Swapna Vaja, Phani Paladugu, Nasif Zaman, Alireza Tavakkoli

SKMC Student Presentations and Publications

Due to their clinical heterogeneity, nonspecific symptoms, and the limitations of existing biomarkers and imaging modalities, metabolic brain diseases (MBDs), such as mitochondrial encephalopathies, lysosomal storage disorders, and glucose metabolism syndromes, pose significant diagnostic challenges. This review examines the growing potential of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) derived from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) epigenetic profiling as a dynamic, cell-type-specific, minimally invasive biomarker approach for MBD diagnosis and monitoring. We review important technological platforms and their use in identifying CNS-specific DNA methylation patterns indicative of neuronal injury, neuroinflammation, and metabolic reprogramming, including cfMeDIP-seq, enzymatic methyl sequencing (EM-seq), and targeted bisulfite sequencing. By synthesizing current …

The Effect Of Oral Colchicine And Vitamin K1 On Bone Metabolism In Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Post-Hoc Analysis Of A 2 × 2 Factorial Randomized Controlled Trial With 18F-Sodium Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography, Jamie W. Bellinge, Marc Sim, Roslyn J. Francis, Sing Ching Lee, Dick C. Chan, Christian M. Girgis, Gerald F. Watts, Joshua R. Lewis, Carl J. Schultz

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM) confers an increased risk of fracture. Fracture risk stratification techniques are imperfect, and preventative therapies are sparse. We aimed to describe features associated with a dysfunctional bone metabolism determined by 18F-Sodium Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography (18F-NaF PET) in patients with DM and test the effects of vitamin K1 and colchicine therapy on vertebral 18F-NaF activity. Methods: This is a post-hoc analysis of a 2 × 2 factorial randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Participants aged 50–80 with DM underwent 18F-NaF PET/CT imaging at baseline, 3 months of therapy with vitamin K1 (10mg/daily) or placebo, and colchicine (0.5 mg/day) …

Clinical Outcomes After Hospitalization For Acute Coronary Syndrome In Patients Treated With Semaglutide Versus Bariatric Surgery: A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis, Nameer Ascandar, Charles Boadu, Gauthier Stepman, George Skaf, Olugbenga Oyesanmi, Sabry Omar, Rias Ali, Michael Schandorf-Lartey

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

Obesity is a chronic medical condition with a rising prevalence in the United States. A wide range of morbidity and mortality is associated with obesity, with coronary artery disease being among the most common. Ischemic heart disease continues to be the primary cause of death in the United States. Taken together, interventions to minimize the detrimental effects of obesity on patients at risk of heart disease will not only benefit the patient, but the health care system as well.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we used the HCA Healthcare enterprise data warehouse to identify all adult patients who were …

Intermittent Fasting For Metabolic Syndrome Management, Tony Laborde

Lynchburg Journal of Medical Science

This paper reviews the potential of intermittent fasting as a non-pharmacological therapeutic approach to the treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is a global health problem with risk factors that include obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and high triglycerides that predispose to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Traditional treatment approaches, including pharmacological agents and lifestyle modification, are typically of short-term benefit. Intermittent fasting, with its scheduled cycles of eating and fasting, presents another strategy for improving weight control, insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, and blood pressure. Various intermittent fasting regimens, including time-restricted feeding and alternate-day fasting, have …

Mechanistic Insights And Clinical Benefits Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids In Cardiovascular, Inflammatory, And Neurological Health, Anosh Tahir, Afshan Siddiq

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are attributed with the capacity to prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVD), chronic inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Their bioactive contribution consists on interfering with lipid metabolism, decreasing inflammation, and increasing neuroprotection. Still, the findings imply that there is a considerable need for greater clarification of their mechanisms and their application to clinical care.

Objectives: This narrative review is intended to discuss the potential target(s) of action, uses, and efficacy of ω-3 PUFAs in the context of CVD, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Materials and Methods: This narrative review …