Cardiovascular Diseases Commons^™

Association Between Plasma Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin And Cardiac Disease Hospitalizations And Deaths In Older Women, James J.H. Chong, Richard L. Prince, Peter L. Thompson, Sujitha Thavapalachandran, Esther Ooi, Amanda Devine, E E.M. Lim, Elizabeth Byrnes, Germaine Wong, Wai H. Lim, Joshua R. Lewis

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin ( NGAL ) or lipocalin 2 may promote atherosclerosis and plaque instability leading to increased risk of cardiac events. We investigated the relationships between plasma NGAL , cardiovascular disease biomarkers, and long-term cardiac events. Methods and Results The study population consisted of 1131 ambulant older white women (mean age 75 years) without clinical coronary heart disease ( CHD ) and measures of plasma NGAL in the Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing Women with 14.5-year CHD and heart failure hospitalizations or death (events) captured using linked records. Over 14.5 years, 256 women had CHD events, while 118 …

Aspirin Use Following Preeclampsia To Prevent Future Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes, Kristi Bohlig

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• Introduction: Preeclampsia during pregnancy warrants therapy with low dose aspirin. The purpose of this review is to investigate if these women are at increased future risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and if aspirin therapy prevents future cardiovascular events.

• Research Questions: Do women who had preeclampsia during pregnancy have increased future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality? • Does continued aspirin use in postpartum women, who had preeclampsia during pregnancy; decrease future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality?

• Research Methods: Literature review was conducted utilizing CINAHL, Dynamed plus and PubMed databases.

• Discussion: Many studies have found that preeclampsia does increase …

Implementing A Discharge Navigator Reducing 30-Day Readmissions For Heart Failure And Sepsis Populations, Karen Weeks

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Final Clinical Projects, 2016-2019

A national focus for healthcare reform is preventing hospital readmissions. Thirty-day unplanned hospital readmissions impact patient outcomes and are costly to the healthcare system. This project explored the impact between the discharge navigator and 30-day unplanned readmissions for heart failure and sepsis populations in a 238-bed community hospital located in central Virginia. The primary aim of this discharge navigator project was to reduce 30-day readmissions for the heart failure and sepsis populations to meet the goals of the top quartile for like hospitals and the evaluation of cost avoidance for these readmissions. Heart failure and sepsis populations are high risks …

Variability And Stability Of Gait In Stoke Survivors, Jemima Kennedy, Hala Osman

Undergraduate Research Posters 2019

Individuals who have survived a stroke have unstable gait due to poor balance control which jeopardizes the safety of that individual. We analyzed the stability and variability of gait before and after exercise- interventions for individuals who have survived stroke to determine the effect of these interventions on the individual as well as any correlation between measured and perceived stability. 9 randomly assigned participants participated in three exercise interventions: (a) clinical physical therapy, (b) reactive slipping, and (c) video gaming. Kinematics of the participant were obtained using motion analysis and a treadmill equipped with force plates. There was an overall …

Heart To Heart: Educating Allied Healthcare Students And Professionals About Heart Failure, Samantha M. Barefoot

Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects

Heart failure (HF) is a health problem which providing necessary education to healthcare professionals who serve individuals with HF allows for continuity of care and the promotion of disease management for this population. The intent of this research was to determine if providing an educational in-service to allied healthcare students and practitioners increased their knowledge of OT’s role with HF clients and about HF itself as a condition interfering with occupation. The design of this study involved collecting pre/post survey data to evaluate the knowledge of the participants about the HF population and gathering participant satisfaction data regarding the in-service. …

Waist Circumference And The Relation To Aerobic Exercise And Perception Of Illness In Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Bailey J. Huebner

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to observe the relationship between waist circumference (WC), amount of aerobic exercise performed weekly and overall Health Belief Model (HBM) score in adults with diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Members from a local Midwest adult fitness program (n = 5) who had been diagnosed T2DM participated in this study. Participants ranged in age from 70 to 80 years with an average age of 74 years. Four of the participants were female and one participant was male. The questions included in this study were 1 .) in those with diagnosed T2DM, was a low …

Comparison Of Rivaroxaban And Warfarin In The Prevention Of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism, Philip J. Heiden

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

The purpose of this systematic literature review is to determine the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban (Xarelto) compared to warfarin (Coumadin), for the long term prophylaxis of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE). Rivaroxaban was chosen as the primary representative of factor Xa inhibitors because of its simplistic once a day dosing regimen. The PubMed database was extensively searched, using a variety of key terms, from September 10 to November 30, 2018. Works chosen include propensity-matched cohorts, retrospective studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. All of which were published within the last 10 years; sources dated prior to 10 years were excluded. Studies …

Early Aggressive Insulin Therapy In Type 2 Diabetes, Bryan Johnson

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Metformin has been proven beneficial for the first-line treatment of type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) due to its efficacy and low adverse effect profile. Current US guidelines do not address the use of early intensive insulin use in T2DM. Treatment plans are slowly adjusted over the months until the A1C goal is met. Insulin is initiated several years after the time of T2DM diagnosis and utilized as second-line therapy. Dual therapy of insulin and metformin have shown regression of T2DM in certain patient populations. However, the linear relationship between diabetes and cardiovascular disease does not show greater improvement with dual …

The Impact On Cost, Quality, And Patient Satisfaction When Delivering Care To Acutely Ill Adults In An At-Home Care Model Versus An Inpatient Hospital Setting., Franchesca M. Adams

Honors Theses and Capstones

The impact on cost, quality, and patient satisfaction when delivering care to acutely ill adults in an at-home care model versus an inpatient hospital setting. Hospital level care for certain acute conditions can be safely delivered in the patient’s home while lowering the cost per episode of care, maintaining or improving patient experience, and improving safety and patient/care giver education as well as care coordination, at the Critical Access Hospital (CAH) level.

Impact Of Contemporary Low Dose Aspirin Use And Cardiovascular Disease, Pratik Sharma, Ramona Stone

Public Health Sciences Student Work

No abstract provided.

Neurochemical Factors Associated With The Initial Pathophysiological Reaction To Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke, Sarah R. Martha

Theses and Dissertations--Nursing

Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of disability world-wide and affects over 800,000 people per year in the United States. The majority of these strokes are ischemic due to a blockage of blood flow to the brain. Damage to the brain occurs at the onset of stroke, neuronal cell death is irreversible and therefore, quick treatment to remove blockage is critical factor in the recovery from stroke. Mechanical thrombectomy as a treatment for ischemic stroke provides an ideal opportunity to collect blood distal and proximal to the cerebral thrombus to examine neurochemical changes occurring during stroke.

The purpose of this …

End-Of-Life Decision-Making In Patients With A Cardiac Device, Jessica Harman Thompson

Theses and Dissertations--Nursing

Heart failure (HF) is one of the top causes of mortality in the United States and globally. In order to combat the high mortality rates of this disease, medical technology, including internal cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) and left ventricular assist devices (LVAD), have become one of the most common treatments. Over the past 10 years the utilization of these cardiac devices has increased exponentially, which has created a new phenomenon of how we discuss death with patients who have one of these devices. The purpose of this dissertation is to increase understanding of the end-of-life decision making processes and current experiences …

Changes In Muscle Size, Quality And Power Are Related To Physical Function In Patients With Critical Illness, Kirby Mayer

Theses and Dissertations--Rehabilitation Sciences

Patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) are known to develop significant impairments in physical function. Patients with critical illness suffer up to 30% reductions in muscle size within the first ten days of admission to the ICU. Muscle strength testing, Medical Research Council-sum score, is current gold-standard to diagnosis ICU-acquired weakness and predicts risk of mortality and long-term physical function. Muscle power different from muscle strength in that it accounts for velocity of movement, is potentially a better independent predictor of function that has not been studied in this population. In addition, we hypothesize that muscle size and quality …

Addressing Stroke Patient And Family Reasons For Not Calling 911, Maygret Ramirez, Rodney Bedgio, Virginia Ramos, Ivis Gonzalez, Yaima Miro Gonzalez, Amy Starosciak, Daniel D'Amour, Jayme Strauss, Felipe De Los Rios La Rosa

All Publications

No abstract provided.

Embolus Prevention: Anticoagulant Therapy In Comparison To Watchman's Procedure In Patients With Atrial Fibrillation, Erik Fladmo

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• Atrial fibrillation or A-fib is a common cardiac disease that occurs as individuals get older.

• A risk factor of atrial fibrillation is blood clot formation and dislodgement or ‘embolus’ in the left atrium.

• Current treatment methods to prevent clot formation include anticoagulants, as well as a left atrial appendage closure device, The Watchman’s device is the only FDA approved left atrial appendage closure device.

• Study results confirm the rising efficacy and cost effectiveness of Watchman’s device versus long term anticoagulant therapy as well as their adverse effects regarding placement and post procedure; however further randomized control …

Implementation Of Stroke Pathways To Reduce Length Of Stay, Cost, Readmissions, And Mortality, Jayme Strauss, Daniel Hartnett, Jenny Ductant, Peter De Armas, Albert Fernandez, Andrew Waisbrot, Amy Starosciak, Felipe De Los Rios La Rosa

All Publications

No abstract provided.

Åstrand-Rhyming And Ymca: A Compare And Contrast Literature Review Of Two Submaximal Cycle Ergometer Tests, Sean Roberts

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

In the world of exercise prescription there are two major protocols that are used to test an individual’s aerobic capacity at a submaximal intensity using a stationary bicycle. These protocols require participants to exercise at a constant work rate until a specified hear rate is reached. Data can then be analyzed to determine the participant’s aerobic capacity. The objective of this literature review is to look at these two tests – the Åstrand-Rhyming cycle ergometer test (ARCET) and the YMCA cycle ergometer test – and determine if one is better than the other for different populations and which one an …

The Relationship Between Physical Activity And Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Throughout The Life Span, Allison R. Webel, Joseph Perazzo, J. Craig Phillips, Kathleen M. Nokes, Cynthia Rentrope, Rebecca Schnall, Rita Musanti, Kimberly Adams Tufts, Elizabeth Sefcik, Mary Jane Hamilton, Carmen Portillo, Puangtip Chaiphibalsarisdi, Penelope Orton, Liana Davis, Carol Dawson Rose

Ellmer School of Nursing Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) are at an increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in PLHIV are poorly understood.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to describe physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness by sex and age and to examine the association between physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in PLHIV, controlling for covariates.

METHODS: Seven hundred two PLHIV participated in a cross-sectional study and completed validated measures of self-reported physical activity (7-day Physical Activity Recall) and cardiorespiratory fitness (6-minute walk test). Participants were recruited from 7 diverse sites in the United …

Lipids, Reactive Oxygen Species, And Health, Heather Bowen

DNP Research Projects

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Coronary artery disease (CAD), where plaque builds up to create atherosclerosis, puts patients at risk for heart attack or stroke. Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) have been implicated as a source of oxidative stress that can lead to the development of CAD, and diets high in fat potentiate this occurrence. As certain fats are heated and experience chemical and physical degradation, they cause an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, various forms of cancer, and CVD. This research study, based on CREATION Health ideals, aimed to evaluate the …

The Effect Of An Educational Video On Device-Related Concerns In A Single-Center Left Ventricular Assist Device Population, Devan Costelle

DNP Projects

PURPOSE:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of various concerns among left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients and evaluate the effect of an educational video intervention on reducing those concerns in a single-center adult LVAD population.

METHODS:A 15-point LVAD Concerns Scale was created to evaluate the prevalence of specific device-related concerns. An educational video was created to address the concerns presented in the LVAD Concerns Scale. Data collection took place from November 2018 to February 2019. A cross-sectional, pre- post-test implementation study design was used to both identify various device-related concerns that exist among LVAD patients and …