Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Commons^™

The Chromosome-Level Genome Of Dragon Fruit Reveals Whole-Genome Duplication And Chromosomal Co-Localization Of Betacyanin Biosynthetic Genes, Jinfang Zheng, Lyndel W. Meinhardt, Ricardo Goenaga, Dapeng Zhang, Yanbin Yin

Food for Health: Publications

Dragon fruits are tropical fruits economically important for agricultural industries. As members of the family of Cactaceae, they have evolved to adapt to the arid environment. Here we report the draft genome of Hylocereus undatus, commercially known as the white-fleshed dragon fruit. The chromosomal level genome assembly contains 11 longest scaffolds corresponding to the 11 chromosomes of H. undatus. Genome annotation of H. undatus found ~29,000 protein-coding genes, similar to Carnegiea gigantea (saguaro). Whole-genome duplication (WGD) analysis revealed a WGD event in the last common ancestor of Cactaceae followed by extensive genome rearrangements. The divergence …

Hidden Sugar And Its Bitter Obstacles For The Wellbeing Of Consumers, Ai Nhan Ngo

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

This research paper explores issues pertaining to, and raises awareness about, high sugar intake among consumers, which causes several consequential health risks. The paper also points out various obstacles preventing consumers from reducing their high sugar consumption. These obstacles come from policymakers, policy influencers, the sugar industry, the food industry, and consumers themselves. For some obstacles, involvement of multiple parties was found. The research also discusses several possible solutions for improving a healthy consumption environment for consumer wellbeing.

Parents’ Perception Of Their Preschool Children’S Weight Status And Diet Quality: How Accurate It Is?, Taraneh Hazhin

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Childhood obesity is a major public health problem. Parents often have an inaccurate perception of their child’s weight status and diet quality. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of parents’ perception of their 3-5 years old children’s weight status and diet quality; and to explore if there was a relationship between parental weight perception, parental diet perception, and children’s diet quality. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from parents of healthy 3-5 years old preschool children (n=333) through convenient sampling method. Parents’ perception of their preschool children’s weight status was measured using a …

Healthy Trees – Healthy People: A Model For Engaging Citizen Scientists In Exotic Pest Detection In Urban Parks, Heather Norman-Burgdolf, Lynne K. Rieske

Dietetics and Human Nutrition Faculty Publications

Healthy Trees – Healthy People (HT-HP) is an outreach and education program created to enlist and train participants in exotic pest detection while providing them with structured opportunities to connect with urban nature and increase their physical and emotional health. HT- HP creates infrastructure to increase engagement by the urban populace in the urban tree canopy. The program solicits participants to engage in an 8-week intervention designed to expand capacity to detect non-native insect pests and pathogens, while increasing physical activity, raising awareness of healthy lifestyle choices, and improving the health of participants. Program participants were trained in tree and …

Nutrition And Chronic Pain, Elise Withers, Mateja R. Savoie-Roskos, Riley Samples, Maren Wright Voss

All Current Publications

The internet is full of information about anti-inflammatory diets, foods, and supplements claiming to prevent or alleviate chronic pain. For those who struggle with chronic pain, sound dietary advice is essential to improve intake and ultimately decrease pain (Arranz et al., 2010). However, it’s important to note that research showing the impact of specific foods on health and the immune system is currently limited; therefore, these claims should be interpreted with caution (Elma et al., 2020; Harvard Health, 2018). This fact sheet will cover (1) how inflammation affects chronic pain and (2) how eating a well-balanced diet may help reduce …

Integrating Policies, Systems, And Environments (Pse) Work Into Fcs Extension Programming: Lessons Learned From A Multi-State Training, Lisa T. Washburn, Heather Norman-Burgdolf, Karen L. Franck, Lauren E. Kennedy, Christopher T. Sneed

Dietetics and Human Nutrition Faculty Publications

Public health efforts have emphasized changes to policies, systems and environments (PSEs) to improve health behaviors for individuals and communities. Extension has increasingly emphasized these approaches, particularly for work of Family and Consumer Sciences (FCS) agents. In part, this emphasis on PSEs in Extension has been driven by SNAP-Ed and other federally funded initiatives, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) High Obesity Programs (HOP). However, broader adoption and implementation of PSEs at the local level has lagged in some states for various reasons. These include limited understanding about PSE interventions and how this work fits with …

Hba1c Performance In African Descent Populations In The United States With Normal Glucose Tolerance, Prediabetes, Or Diabetes: A Scoping Review, Lakshay Khosla, Sonali Bhat, Lee Ann Fullington, Margrethe F. Horlyck-Romanovsky

Publications and Research

IntroductionAfrican descent populations in the United States have high rates of type 2 diabetes and are incorrectly represented as a single group. Current glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) cutoffs (5.7% to

Methods A PubMed, Scopus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) search (January 2020) yielded 3,238 articles published from January 2000 through January 2020. After review of titles, abstracts, and full texts, 12 met our criteria. HbA1c results were compared with other ethnic groups or validated against the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), or previous diagnosis. We classified study results by the …

Prematurity Blunts The Insulin- And Amino Acid-Induced Stimulation Of Translation Initiation And Protein Synthesis In Skeletal Muscle Of Neonatal Pigs, Marko Rudar, Jane K Naberhuis, Agus Suryawan, Hanh V Nguyen, Barbara Stoll, Candace C Style, Mariatu A Verla, Oluyinka O Olutoye, Douglas G Burrin, Marta L Fiorotto, Teresa A Davis

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Extrauterine growth restriction in premature infants is largely attributed to reduced lean mass accretion and is associated with long-term morbidities. Previously, we demonstrated that prematurity blunts the feeding-induced stimulation of translation initiation signaling and protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs. The objective of the current study was to determine whether the blunted feeding response is mediated by reduced responsiveness to insulin, amino acids, or both. Pigs delivered by cesarean section preterm (PT; 103 days,

Perfluorooctanoic Acid (Pfoa) Or Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (Pfos) And Dna Methylation In Newborn Dried Blood Spots In The Upstate Kids Cohort, Sonia L Robinson, Xuehuo Zeng, Weihua Guan, Rajeshwari Sundaram, Pauline Mendola, Diane L Putnick, Robert A Waterland, Chathura J Gunasekara, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Chongjing Gao, Erin M Bell, Edwina H Yeung

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are persistent organic pollutants which may alter prenatal development, potentially through epigenetic modifications. Prior studies examining PFOS/PFOA and DNA methylation have relatively few subjects (n < 200) and inconsistent results. We examined relations of PFOA/PFOS with DNA methylation among 597 neonates in the Upstate KIDS cohort study. PFOA/PFOS were quantified in newborn dried blood spots (DBS) using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. DNA methylation was measured using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip with DNA extracted from DBS. Robust linear regression was used to examine the associations of PFOA/PFOS with DNA methylation at individual CpG sites. Covariates included sample plate, estimated cell type, epigenetically derived ancestry, infant sex and plurality, indicators of maternal socioeconomic status, and prior pregnancy loss. In supplemental analysis, we restricted the analysis to 2242 CpG sites previously identified as Correlated Regions of Systemic Interindividual Variation (CoRSIVs) which include metastable epialleles. At FDR90th percentile was related to DNA methylation at cg15557840, near SCRT2, SRXN1; PFOS>90th percentile was related to 2 CpG sites in a sex-specific manner (cg19039925 in GVIN1 in boys and cg05754408 in ZNF26 in girls). When analysis was restricted to CoRSIVs, log-scaled, continuous PFOS concentration was related to DNA methylation at cg03278866 within PTBP1. In conclusion, there was limited evidence of an association between high concentrations of PFOA/PFOS and DNA methylation in newborn DBS in the Upstate KIDS cohort. These …

Nutrinews: March Issue, 2021, Department Of Nutrition And Dietetics, University Of North Florida

NutriNews

The issue features Research around the World, Sustainable Consumption: Eating for your body and the planet, 5 Ways to Handle a Challenging Academic Semester.

Nutrition, Genetic Variation And Male Fertility, Shelley M. Vanderhout, Matineh Rastegar Panah, Bibiana Garcia-Bailo, Patricia Grace-Farfaglia, Konrad Samsel, Judith Dockray, Keith Jarvi, Ahmed El-Sohemy

Health Science Faculty Publications

Infertility affects nearly 50 million couples worldwide, with 40−50% of cases having a male factor component. It is well established that nutritional status impacts reproductive development, health and function, although the exact mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Genetic variation that affects nutrient metabolism may impact fertility through nutrigenetic mechanisms. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of several dietary components (vitamins A, B₁₂, C, D, E, folate, betaine, choline, calcium, iron, caffeine, fiber, sugar, dietary fat, and gluten) in male reproductive health. Evidence of gene-nutrient interactions and their potential effect on fertility is also examined. Understanding …

Metabolic Flexibility Across The Spectrum Of Glycemic Regulation In Youth, Fida Bacha, Sara Klinepeter Bartz, Maurice Puyau, Anne Adolph, Susan Sharma

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

BACKGROUNDMetabolic flexibility (MF) refers to the relative ability to utilize lipid and carbohydrate substrates and to transition between them. It is not clear whether MF is impaired in obese youth and what the determining factors are.METHODSWe investigated the determinants of MF (increased respiratory exchange ratio [ΔRER] under insulin-stimulated conditions) in pubertal youth (n = 104; 15.6 ± 1.8 years) with obesity across the spectrum of glucose tolerance compared with normal weight (NW) controls, including body composition (fat-free mass [FFM], %body fat), visceral adipose fat (VAT) (MRI), glycemia, and insulin sensitivity (IS) [3-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with measurement of lipolysis ([2H5] glycerol), …

A Standard Calculation Methodology For Human Doubly Labeled Water Studies, John R Speakman, Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Elena S F Berman, Philip N Ainslie, Lene F Andersen, Liam J Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issaad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G Bonomi, Carlijn V C Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Maciej S Buchowski, Nancy F Butte, Stefan G J A Camps, Graeme L Close, Jamie A Cooper, Seth A Creasy, Sai Krupa Das, Richard Cooper, Lara R Dugas, Cara B Ebbeling, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W Fudge, Annelies H Goris, Michael Gurven, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Kitty P Kempen, Misaka Kimura, William E Kraus, Robert F Kushner, Estelle V Lambert, William R Leonard, Nader Lessan, David S Ludwig, Corby K Martin, Anine C Medin, Erwin P Meijer, James C Morehen, James P Morton, Marian L Neuhouser, Theresa A Nicklas, Robert M Ojiambo, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L Prentice, Roberto A Rabinovich, Susan B Racette, David A Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Rebecca M Reynolds, Susan B Roberts, Albertine J Schuit, Anders M Sjödin, Eric Stice, Samuel S Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M Van Etten, Edgar A Van Mil, Jonathan C K Wells, George Wilson, Brian M Wood, Jack Yanovski, Tsukasa Yoshida, Xueying Zhang, Alexia J Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U Loechl, Edward L Melanson, Amy H Luke, Herman Pontzer, Jennifer Rood, Dale A Schoeller, Klaas R Westerterp, William W Wong

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The doubly labeled water (DLW) method measures total energy expenditure (TEE) in free-living subjects. Several equations are used to convert isotopic data into TEE. Using the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) DLW database (5,756 measurements of adults and children), we show considerable variability is introduced by different equations. The estimated rCO2 is sensitive to the dilution space ratio (DSR) of the two isotopes. Based on performance in validation studies, we propose a new equation based on a new estimate of the mean DSR. The DSR is lower at low body masses (<10 kg). Using data for 1,021 babies and infants, we show that the DSR varies non-linearly with body mass between 0 and 10 kg. Using this relationship to predict DSR from weight provides an equation for rCO2 over this size range that agrees well with indirect calorimetry (average difference 0.64%; SD = 12.2%). We propose adoption of these equations in future studies.

Genetic Variants And Physical Activity Interact To Affect Bone Density In Hispanic Children, Ruixue Hou, Shelley A Cole, Mariaelisa Graff, Yujie Wang, Karin Haack, Sandra Laston, Nitesh R Mehta, Roman J Shypailo, Margaret L Gourlay, Anthony G Comuzzie, Kari E North, Nancy F Butte, Venkata Saroja Voruganti

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Our aim was to investigate if moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), calcium intake interacts with bone mineral density (BMD)-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to influence BMD in 750 Hispanic children (4-19y) of the cross-sectional Viva La Familia Study.

Methods: Physical activity and dietary intake were measured by accelerometers and multiple-pass 24 h dietary recalls, respectively. Total body and lumbar spine BMD were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. A polygenic risk score (PRS) was computed based on SNPs identified in published literature. Regression analysis was conducted with PRSs, MVPA and calcium intake with total body and lumbar spine …

Dietary Anti-Aging Polyphenols And Potential Mechanisms, Jing Luo, Hongwei Si, Zhenquan Jia, Dongmin Liu

Human Sciences Faculty Research

For years, the consumption of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables has been considered healthy, increasing longevity, and decreasing morbidities. With the assistance of basic research investigating the potential mechanisms, it has become clear that the beneficial effects of plant-based foods are mainly due to the large amount of bioactive phenolic compounds contained. Indeed, substantial dietary intervention studies in humans have supported that the supplementation of polyphenols have various health-promoting effects, especially in the elderly population. In vitro examinations on the anti-aging mechanisms of polyphenols have been widely performed, using different types of natural and synthetic phenolic compounds. The …

Characterization Of Two Zygnema Strains (Zygnema Circumcarinatum Sag 698-1a And Sag 698-1b) And A Rapid Method To Estimate Nuclear Genome Size Of Zygnematophycean Green Algae, Xuehuan Feng, Andreas Holzinger, Charlotte Permann, Dirk Anderson, Yanbin Yin

Food for Health: Publications

Zygnematophyceae green algae (ZGA) have been shown to be the closest relatives of land plants. Three nuclear genomes (Spirogloea muscicola, Mesotaenium endlicherianum, and Penium margaritaceum) of ZGA have been recently published, and more genomes are underway. Here we analyzed two Zygnema circumcarinatum strains SAG 698-1a (mating +) and SAG 698-1b (mating −) and found distinct cell sizes and other morphological differences. The molecular identities of the two strains were further investigated by sequencing their 18S rRNA, psaA and rbcL genes. These marker genes of SAG 698-1a were surprisingly much more similar to Z. cylindricum (SAG 698-2) than to SAG 698-1b. …

Characterization Of Two Zygnema Strains (Zygnema Circumcarinatum Sag 698-1a And Sag 698-1b) And A Rapid Method To Estimate Nuclear Genome Size Of Zygnematophycean Green Algae, Xuehuan Feng, Andreas Holzinger, Charlotte Permann, Dirk Anderson, Yanbin Yin

Food for Health: Publications

Zygnematophyceae green algae (ZGA) have been shown to be the closest relatives of land plants. Three nuclear genomes (Spirogloea muscicola, Mesotaenium endlicherianum, and Penium margaritaceum) of ZGA have been recently published, and more genomes are underway. Here we analyzed two Zygnema circumcarinatum strains SAG 698-1a (mating +) and SAG 698-1b (mating −) and found distinct cell sizes and other morphological differences. The molecular identities of the two strains were further investigated by sequencing their 18S rRNA, psaA and rbcL genes. These marker genes of SAG 698-1a were surprisingly much more similar to Z. cylindricum (SAG 698-2) than to SAG 698-1b. …

Characterization Of Two Zygnema Strains (Zygnema Circumcarinatum Sag 698-1a And Sag 698-1b) And A Rapid Method To Estimate Nuclear Genome Size Of Zygnematophycean Green Algae, Xuehuan Feng, Andreas Holzinger, Charlotte Permann, Dirk Anderson, Yanbin Yin

Food for Health: Publications

Zygnematophyceae green algae (ZGA) have been shown to be the closest relatives of land plants. Three nuclear genomes (Spirogloea muscicola, Mesotaenium endlicherianum, and Penium margaritaceum) of ZGA have been recently published, and more genomes are underway. Here we analyzed two Zygnema circumcarinatum strains SAG 698-1a (mating +) and SAG 698-1b (mating −) and found distinct cell sizes and other morphological differences. The molecular identities of the two strains were further investigated by sequencing their 18S rRNA, psaA and rbcL genes. These marker genes of SAG 698-1a were surprisingly much more similar to Z. cylindricum (SAG 698-2) than to SAG 698-1b. …

Parenteral Lipid Emulsions Induce Unique Ileal Fatty Acid And Metabolomic Profiles But Do Not Increase The Risk Of Necrotizing Enterocolitis In Preterm Pigs, William Yakah, Pratibha Singh, Joanne Brown, Barbara Stoll, Doug Burrin, Muralidhar H Premkumar, Hasan H Otu, Xuesong Gu, Simon T Dillon, Towia A Libermann, Steven D Freedman, Camilia R Martin

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a manifestation of maladaptive intestinal responses in preterm infants centrally medicated by unattenuated inflammation. Early in the postnatal period, preterm infants develop a deficit in arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid, both potent regulators of inflammation. We hypothesized that the fatty acid composition of parenteral lipid emulsions uniquely induces blood and intestinal fatty acid profiles which, in turn, modifies the risk of NEC development. Forty-two preterm pigs were randomized to receive one of three lipid emulsions containing 100% soybean oil (SO), 15% fish oil (MO15), or 100% fish oil (FO100) with enteral feedings over an 8-day protocol. Blood …

Rationale And Design Of The Baylor Infant Twin Study-A Study Assessing Obesity-Related Risk Factors From Infancy, Shabnam R Momin, Mackenzie K Senn, Scott Buckley, Neil R M Buist, Manisha Gandhi, Amy B Hair, Sheryl O Hughes, Kelly R Hodges, William C Lange, Maria A Papaioannou, Mimi Phan, Robert A Waterland, Alexis C Wood

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Early childhood (0-3 years) is a critical period for obesity prevention, when tendencies in eating behaviors and physical activity are established. Yet, little is understood about how the environment shapes children's genetic predisposition for these behaviors during this time. The Baylor Infant Twin Study (BITS) is a two phase study, initiated to study obesity risk factors from infancy. Data collection has been completed for Phase 1 in which three sub-studies pilot central measures for Phase 2. A novel infant temperament assessment, based on observations made by trained researchers was piloted in Behavior Observation Pilot Protocol (BOPP) study, a new …