Bioethics and Medical Ethics Commons^™

People Or Profit: A Comparison Of Health Care In Brazil And The United States, Alexandre A. Martins

Theology Faculty Research and Publications

This essay offers a reflection about the increasing influence of profit in Catholic health care. Based on Jesus' teaching that shows that the need of the wounded person on the street comes first (Luke 10: 25-37), Catholic health care ministry has the challenge to create services where people, not profit, come first.

Exploring Empathy In Medical Narratives, Adam Uhrig

All NMU Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Multinational Comparative Cross-Sectional Survey Of Views Of Medical Students About Acceptable Terminology And Subgroups In Schizophrenia, Shanaya Rathod, Muhammad Irfan, Rachna Bhargava, Narsimha Pinninti, Joseph Scott, Haifa Mohammad Algahtani, Zhihua Guo, Rishab Gupta, Pallavi Nadkarni, Farooq Naeem, Fleur Howells, Katherine Sorsdahi, Kerensa Thorne, Victoria Osman-Hicks, Sasee Pallikadavath, Peter Phiri, Hannah Carr, Lizi Graves, David Kingdon

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

AIM: The aim of this study was to inform thinking around the terminology for 'schizophrenia' in different countries.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate: (1) whether medical students view alternative terminology (psychosis subgroups), derived from vulnerability-stress models of schizophrenia, as acceptable and less stigmatising than the term schizophrenia; (2) if there are differences in attitudes to the different terminology across countries with different cultures and (3) whether clinical training has an impact in reducing stigma.

DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional survey that examined the attitudes of medical students towards schizophrenia and the alternative subgroups.

SETTING: The study …

Ethical Foundations For The Lethal Management Of Double-Crested Cormorants (Phalocrocorax Auritus) In The Eastern United States: An Argument Analysis, Chelsea Batavia, Michael Paul Nelson

Ethics and Conservation Biology Collection

Lethal management of Double-crested Cormorants (Phalocrocorax auritus) has been implemented in many areas of the United States. In this paper, the philosophical method of argument analysis is used to assess ethical premises underlying the proposition that Double-crested Cormorant populations should be culled to reduce pressures on wild fisheries in the Great Lakes region of the eastern USA. This influential argument has been used to justify the destruction of more than half a million Double-crested Cormorants and hundreds of thousands of their nests and eggs. Three versions of the argument are formulated and assessed. It is shown that each of the …

Cold Genocide: Falun Gong In China, Maria Cheung, Torsten Trey, David Matas, Richard An

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

The article explores patterns of a cold genocide in the eradication campaign against Falun Gong. Falun Gong is a spiritual practice that has been targeted for eradication by the Chinese regime since 1999. In comparison to the documented cases of genocide, the genocide of Falun Gong stands out as anomalous because it is virtually ignored. The article seeks to elucidate the multi-faceted nature of this concealed genocide from an interdisciplinary perspective encompassing social work, medicine and law, In particular, the article demonstrates that the eradication campaign against Falun Gong is distinguishable as a cold genocide as it is: (1) multi-dimensional …

Variations In Institutional Review Board Processes And Consent Requirements For Trauma Research: An East Multicenter Survey, Jeffry Nahmias, Areg Grigorian, Scott Brakenridge, Randeep S. Jawa, Daniel N. Holena, John Varujan Agapian, Brandon Bruns, Paul J. Chestovich, Bruce Chung, Jonathan Nguyen, Carl I. Schulman, Kristan Staudenmayer, Rachel Dixon, Jason W. Smith, Andrew C. Bernard, Jose L. Pascual

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Oversight of human subject research has evolved considerably since its inception. However, previous studies identified a lack of consistency of institutional review board (IRB) determination for the type of review required and whether informed consent is necessary, especially for prospective observational studies, which pose minimal risk of harm. We hypothesized that there is significant inter-institution variation in IRB requirements for the type of review and necessity of informed consent, especially for prospective observational trials without blood/tissue utilization. We also sought to describe investigators’ and IRB members’ attitudes toward the type of review and need for consent. Eastern Association for the …

Reimagining Icarus: Ethics, Law And Policy Considerations For Commercial Human Spaceflight, Sara M. Langston

Publications

Commercial human spaceflight presents an area for engaging novel human activity and objectives, to include space exploration, entertainment, transportation and extraterrestrial resource acquisition. The inherent dangers and lack of scientific and medical certainty involved however raise interrelated questions of ethics, bioethics, law and public policy. This is particularly the case with spaceflight participant (SFP) screening, selection, and commercial human spaceflight activities where regulations are currently silent or lacking. In the absence of established law, ethics can play an important role by informing industry standards, policies and best practices. Understanding the fundamental ethical values at stake in the application of new …

Medical Apartheid: A Book Review, Carmen Kennedy

Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science

No abstract provided.

Radical Social Ecology As Deep Pragmatism: A Call To The Abolition Of Systemic Dissonance And The Minimization Of Entropic Chaos, Arielle Brender

Student Theses 2015-Present

This paper aims to shed light on the dissonance caused by the superimposition of Dominant Human Systems on Natural Systems. I highlight the synthetic nature of Dominant Human Systems as egoic and linguistic phenomenon manufactured by a mere portion of the human population, which renders them inherently oppressive unto peoples and landscapes whose wisdom were barred from the design process. In pursuing a radical pragmatic approach to mending the simultaneous oppression and destruction of the human being and the earth, I highlight the necessity of minimizing entropic chaos caused by excess energy expenditure, an essential feature of systems that aim …

Four Sights Of The Patient (Ophelia), Cecily Ann Fergeson

Graduate School of Art Theses

I make work in a variety of media, largely dealing with the imagery and material of the human body. My current work attempts to reckon with the following subjects: a reclamation of the notion of the so-called medical gaze and its historical record in photography; the idea that receiving the medical gaze transforms patients’ bodies; the idea of illness as an uncanny and intimate experience; and, finally, the act of metaphorically retracing the body’s material journey through the medical institution as it exists today. In this text, I discuss my practice in the context of critical theory, a recent observation …

An Ethical Framework For Organizational Resource Allocation For Patient Services In Health Care, Natalie Dick

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Unanswered questions on how to allocate scarce resources in health care settings are often left to either bedside decision-making or, at best, the organizational policy level. Yet, there is little attention and no consensus on how organizational policy should address resource allocation in health care. An ethically sound framework is needed to guide policy development for resource allocation within health care organizations. In addition, a more comprehensive study of concepts tied to moral obligations of health care organizations is needed in terms of human rights, health disparities, and patient care quality. Until now, human rights literature has largely focused on …

Key Components For An Ethics Consultation Curriculum, Joseph Bertino

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Due to a lack of formal credentials for clinical ethics consultants, the professionalization of clinical ethics as a normative discipline in contemporary American health care is diminished amongst other health care professionals. While medical specialties, organizational leadership positions, and other miscellaneous health care occupations possess governing bodies that posit credentials that justify these roles, clinical ethics consultants lack a standard of competence. While this gap has been temporarily reconciled by individual employer criteria, a national standard that attempts to educate and demonstrate a clinical ethicist’s abilities does not exist. Still, various attempts have been made to establish a certification program …

Enhancing Quality Ethics Consultations In Pediatric Medicine, Ariel Clatty

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Medical ethics consultations occur predominantly in the adult realm of medicine, alternatively in Pediatric Medicine there is a widespread lack of training and skilled professionals to service these requests. Most of the literature in pediatric ethics consultations revolves around mirroring adult ethics consultations. This dissertation seeks to identify and address the issues related to quality of ethics consultations in a clinical setting regarding the organizational and research settings for Pediatric Medicine, and how adopting and applying the guiding standards for ethics consultation using the Core Competencies of the American Society of Bioethics and Humanities will better assist all parties to …

An Ethical Framework For Communication Of Prognosis In Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Amanda Mattone

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The focus of this dissertation is to create an ethical framework for communication of prognosis in the pediatric critical care setting. This dissertation argues that an ethical framework for communication of prognosis in the pediatric critical care setting is necessary because ethical communication transactions lead to better care for pediatric patients in critical care by enabling surrogate decision makers to make well-informed decisions. Moreover, a lack of effective communication skills can be detrimental to the patient. The need for such a framework is revealed by research indicating that physicians often lack the necessary education and skills for effective communication transactions …

The Core Relation Between Hospitality (Philoxenia), Dignity And Vulnerability In Orthodox Christian Bioethics: A Contribution To Global Bioethics, Rabee Toumi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In a pluralistic world, reaching consensus in matters of bioethics has proved to be difficult, especially with the political polarization that nurtures inimical differences. This dissertation argues that a middle ground can be identified between the plurality of value systems in contemporary bioethics based on an anthropological approach. This middle ground that reflects commonalities of the human condition can be explored in relation to the foundational principles of Orthodox Christian anthropology. To identify this middle ground the analysis discusses the core relation between hospitality, dignity, and vulnerability as a contribution to global bioethics.

In general, based on Orthodox Christian theology …

Overpriced And Under Regulated: A Crackdown On Pharmaceutical Monopolization And Malfeasance, Taryn Dewey

Missouri S&T’s Peer to Peer

As the price of medication skyrockets in 2017, investigating large pharmaceutical companies’ behavior is on the forefront of lowering the cost of medicine. With the help of Supreme Court rulings and patent layering, these companies have been able to take advantage of Food and Drug Administration regulations regarding market exclusivity and in turn are able to control drug costs and manufacturing. This control has caused a series of price gouges and has led to people not being able to afford the medication they require. Using government records, lawsuits, investigative reports, scholarly journals, and proxy statements, this study evaluated the current …

The Ethical Principle Of Vulnerability And The Case Against Human Organ Trafficking, Peter A. Depergola Ii

Journal of Health Ethics

An increasingly blurred understanding of the ethical significance of global "transplant transactions" - a curious combination of altruism and commerce, consent and coercion, gifts and theft, science and sorcery, care and human sacrifice - suggest a critical need to revisit the fundamental moral normlessness of the trafficking enterprise. This essay grounds its arguments in two, straightforward premises: (i) the ethical principle of respect for human vulnerability is an indispensable measure of the licitness of most, if not all, moral actions; and (ii) human organ trafficking violates the ethical principle of respect for human vulnerability. Drawing from this syllogism, the aim …

The Ethical Justification Of Equal Candidacy For Organ Transplantation In Alcoholic Patients, Peter A. Depergola Ii

Journal of Health Ethics

An increasingly blurred understanding of the distinctive challenges posed to transplantation medicine and, by extension, public health, by the debilitating reality of alcoholism suggests a critical need to revisit the relationship between causality, candidacy, and culpability in light of substance addiction. This essay grounds its arguments in two, straightforward premises: (i) compassionate medical practice - understood as the sympathetic willingness to enter into the existential suffering of another in order to ameliorate the anguish invoked by disease - rests on the fiduciary relationship shared between provider and patient; and (ii) allocating medical goods according to moral desert rather than existential …

Ethical Issues Perceived By Clinical Ethicists, Marcia S. Bosek, Brian Fulmer

Journal of Health Ethics

“Ethicists often work alone in rural locations while also holding leadership roles. Who helps the ethicist when he/she experiences an ethical dilemma or moral distress?” asked an ethicist. Purposes of this descriptive exploratory convenience research project were to (1) Identify the ethical issues personally experienced by clinical ethicists while fulfilling their professional role, and (2) Describe the resources that clinical ethicists have or desire for resolving these personally experienced ethical situations. A random purposive sampling strategy was implemented. IRB approval was obtained. 12 clinical ethicists participated. Eight of the participants had experienced a personal ethical issue while performing their clinical …

A Leap To Hybrid Governance For European Union Healthcare On Organ Donations, Tasnim Ahmed

Journal of Law and Health

This article evaluates two proposals that the Organs Directive along with the commission’s Action Plan 2009-2015 can be viewed as a form of hybrid governance. The Organs Directive is the first legally-binding supranational risk regulation devised in the field of organ donation and transplantation. The Directive is modelled on the earlier Directive dealing with blood, tissue, and cells. The Action Plan, which is soft law, will complement the Directive. The Directive and Action Plan requires additional administration procedures from the Member States with the EU Commission regularly monitoring the implementation of the work programme to ensure it is manageable for …