Oral Biology and Oral Pathology Commons^™

Type Ix Secretion System: Characterization Of An Effector Protein And An Insight Into The Role Of C-Terminal Domain Dimeration In Outer Membrane Translocation., Lahari Koneru

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia are two of the primary pathogens that are associated in the etiology and progression of chronic periodontitis. In T. forsythia, KLIKK proteases are the recently identified group of proteolytic enzymes that are secreted through Type IX secretion system (T9SS). Among, these KLIKK proteases a synergistic relationship was observed between karilysin and mirolysin in invading the host complement system for the survival of the bacteria. Since, karilysin has been already characterized, in this study we propose to study about mirolysin through structural, biochemical and biological characterization. The obtained results from the experiments has shown the …

Cumulative Trauma, Emotion Reactivity And Salivary Cytokine Response Following Acute Stress Among Healthy Women., Yvette Z. Szabo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study furthers understanding of how trauma exposure may be connected to the development and maintenance of poor health by focusing on cytokines, tightly regulated proteins of the immune system. Cytokine responses to acute stress have been associated with the onset of poorer mental health in physically healthy women. The present study examined how two factors recently associated with cytokine reactivity –cumulative trauma and emotion reactivity– are associated with salivary cytokine reactivity among healthy women. Seventy-one women, screened to be physically and mentally healthy, completed a laboratory acute stress paradigm and self-report measures of state emotion and trauma exposure. Participants …

Salivary And Serum Adiponectin And C-Reactive Protein Levels In Acute Myocardial Infarction Related To Body Mass Index And Oral Health, Jeffrey L. Ebersole, Richard J. Kryscio, C. Campbell, D. F. Kinane, J. Mcdevitt, N. Christodoulides, P. N. Floriano, Craig S. Miller

Oral Health Practice Faculty Publications

Background and Objective

Adiponectin is produced by adipose cells and is considered an anti‐inflammatory molecule. In contrast, C‐reactive protein (CRP) has been identified as a hallmark of systemic inflammation and used as a risk marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Of interest was the relationship of these two biomarkers to oral health and CVD risk.

Material and Methods

This investigation examined these two molecules in serum and unstimulated whole saliva of patients within 48 h of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared to control subjects. We hypothesized a differential response in these biomolecules resulting from the heart attack that would be …

Inhibition Of Chemotherapeutic-Induced Apoptosis In Esophageal Squamous Cancer Cells By The Keystone Periodontal Pathogen, Porphyromonas Gingivalis., Atul Kumar Agrawal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Recent evidence has shown that P. gingivalis, a Gram-negative, anaerobic oral bacterium, is negatively associated with the presence and outcome of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). While potential underlying mechanisms are yet to be established, P. gingivalis infection is known to inhibit apoptosis in gingival epithelial cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that P. gingivalis may also inhibit of the induction of apoptosis in human ESCC cells exposed to the commonly employed anti-ESCC chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin. The capacity of P. gingivalis, at variant multiplicities of infection, to suppress cisplatin-induced necrosis and apoptosis in EC9706 ESCC cells was established by lactate …

Expression Of Zeb Factors In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma., Saira Ahmed

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objectives: The ZEB family of transcription factors (ZEB1 and ZEB2) have been demonstrated to play a role in metastatic progression of several cancers, and may also influence the initial transformation and generation of cancer stem cells. However, the expression pattern of ZEB proteins in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to define changes in expression and subcellular localization of the ZEB family in both precancerous lesions and different grades of OSCC. Materials and Methods: Seventy-nine tongue biopsies were subjected to immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to determine the expression and subcellular …

Using An Audience Response System To Calibrate Dental Faculty Assessing Student Clinical Competence., Sean A. Aiken

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In order to best prepare students to become competent and confident practitioners in a clinical environment upon graduating dental school, it is imperative for them to receive consistent and productive feedback from the supervising faculty. Through academic engagement, and more specifically faculty calibration, it may be possible to eliminate the disconnect that sometimes exists between faculty expectations and terminology, and those of the students. In terms of definitions, academic engagement reflects faculty scholarly development activities that support integration of relevant, current theory of best practices consistent with the school's mission, expected learner outcomes, and supporting strategies.1-6, 32 The difficulty lies …

Treg Regulation In Periodontal Disease During Pregnancy., Aislinn Leah Hays

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: Although pregnancy is prone to induce more severe periodontal inflammation and tissue damage, its mechanism remains elusive. Periodontal diseases during pregnancy are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including preterm birth or low birth weight. Animal models are ideal for investigating immunological mechanisms in periodontal disease. With a newly modified ligature-induced disease model, we managed to develop periodontal disease in pregnant mice and investigate the immunological mechanism of more severe symptoms during pregnancy. Hypothesis: We hypothesis that P. gingivalis infection during pregnancy will lead to a down-regulation of Treg cells, therefore causing increased inflammation and disease severity. Methods: A ligature-induced …

Student Self-Assessment Of Operative Dentistry Experiences : A Time Dependent Exercise In Best Practice Outcomes., Celine Joyce Cornelius Timothius

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this project was to evaluate student self-assessment of operative dentistry experiences. Methods: First, a retrospective analysis of student self-assessment and faculty assessment grade sheets were evaluated for mean differences and correlations across time. Both preclinical (D2: n=120) and clinical (D3: n=120; D4: n=120) grades sheets were evaluated. Secondly, twenty-five (n=25) students from each of the D1, D2, D3 and D4 classes were asked to evaluate dentoform work. Twenty-five (n=25) operative calibrated faculty graded the same two dentoforms. Results: D2 student’s self-assessment scores were significantly higher than the faculty assessment scores (t-test; p0.05) and there was a …

Salivary Mmp-9 In The Detection Of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Andre Peisker, Gregor F. Raschke, Mina D. Fahmy, Arndt Guentsch, Korosh Roshanghias, Joschka Hennings, Stefan Schultze-Mosgau

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumour of the oral cavity. Detection of OSCC is currently based on clinical oral examination combined with histopathological evaluation of a biopsy sample. Direct contact between saliva and the oral cancer makes measurement of salivary metalloproteinase- 9 (MMP-9) an attractive alternative.

Material and Methods: In total, 30 OSCC patients and 30 healthy controls were included in this prospective study. Saliva samples from both groups were collected, centrifuged and supernatant fluid was subjected to ELISA for assessment of MMP-9. The median salivary MMP-9 values with interquartile range (IQR) of OSCC …

Identification And Characterization Of Microrna Differentially Expressed In Macrophages Exposed To Porphyromonas Gingivalis Infection, Olivier Huck, J Al-Hashemi, L Poidevin, O Poch, J Davideau, H Tenenbaum, Salomon Amar

NYMC Faculty Publications

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs involved in the regulation of several processes associated with inflammatory diseases and infection. Bacterial infection modulates miRNA expression to subvert any innate immune response. In this study we analyzed, using microarray analysis, the bacterial modulation of miRNAs in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) in which activity was induced by infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis The expression of several miRNAs was modulated 3 h postinfection (at a multiplicity of infection of 25). A bioinformatic analysis was performed to further identify pathways related to the innate immune host response under the influence of selected miRNAs. To assess the …

Oral Health: The Need For Both Conventional Microbial And Molecular Characterization, Elisheva Friedman, Negin Alizadeh, Zvi G. Loewy

Touro College of Pharmacy (New York) Publications and Research

This study aims to consider the microbial distribution in oral disease, as well as gene analysis and expression, in elucidating: 1, the fundamental underpinnings of oral disease, and 2, the potential relationship between oral diseases and systemic health. A key focus is identifying the microbiota associated with oral disease manifestations characterized by both conventional microbiological and molecular methods. Variations in the observed microbial populations characterized by conventional and molecular approaches have been identified for caries, periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and stomatitis. The discovery of therapeutic approaches for oral disease will require comprehensive microbial and genomic analysis. This study evaluated the current state …

Nitrosative Stress Sensing In Porphyromonas Gingivalis: Structure And Function Of The Heme Binding Transcriptional Regulator Hcpr, Benjamin R. Belvin

Theses and Dissertations

Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram negative anaerobe implicated in the progression of periodontal disease, is capable of surviving and causing infection despite high levels of reactive nitrogen species found in the oral cavity due to its efficient nitrosative stress response. HcpR is an important sensor-regulator that plays a vital step in the initiation of the nitrosative stress response in many Gram negative anaerobic bacteria. We employ a combination of X-ray crystallography, SAXS, resonance Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and molecular biology techniques to better understand this key regulator. Knockout of the hcpR gene in W83 P. gingivalis results in the inability of …

The Relationship Between Periodontitis And Cardiovascular Disease, Jonathan Krupka

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease has been the subject of much research in recent years. The aim of this study is to review and analyze the relevant literature regarding this relationship, with an emphasis on determining a presence of periodontal bacteria from the periodontal pocket in atheromatous plaques, and to explore the biological role of inflammatory mechanisms that may link periodontitis and cardiovascular disease. Although there seems to be conflicting reports, the overall consensus confirms the presence of periodontal bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, in atheromatous plaques. Additionally, the presence of systemic markers of cardiovascular disease in …

Induction Of S100a7 Expression From Mechanical Stress-Induced Human Dental Pulp Cells And Its Effect On Osteoclastogenesis, Hataichanok Charoenpong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Mechanical injuries of dental pulp tissues could lead to root resorption by osteoclast/odontoclast. S100A7 has been demonstrated to involve in inflammatory processes and potentially involved in bone destruction. However, the roles of S100A7 in dental pulp have not been reported. Therefore, this this study aimed to investigate the effect of mechanical stress on S100A7 expression in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) and to investigate the effect of S100A7 protein on osteoclast differentiation. HDPCs were stimulated with in vitro compressive loading. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay. Real-time PCR (qPCR) and ELISA were utilized to determine the mRNA and protein …

The Application Of Prostacyclin In Promoting Angiogenesis Of Dental Pulp Tissue In A Three Dimensional Organ Culture System, Sonntana Seang

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background: Dental pulp vitality can be threatened by carious or iatrogenic exposure that can lead to pulp tissue loss. The formation of a vascular network is crucial to provide a suitable environment for tissue regeneration. Thus, promoting angiogenesis is essential for successful pulpal repair in regenerative endodontics therapy. Iloprost, a prostacyclin analog, promotes vascularization in several organs such as, heart, lung, and corneal. Previously, it has been demonstrated that, iloprost induced pulpal blood flow and enhanced dentin formation in a rat mechanical pulp exposure model. However, the angiogenic effect of iloprost on the human dental pulp vasculature remains unknown. Objective: …

Differential Dendritic Cell Responses To Candida Species, Thu Nguyen Ngoc

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Mannan in the outermost layer of Candida cell wall may be the first molecules that interact with host dendritic cells (DCs) and activate immune responses that determine disease outcomes. However, little is known how different mannan structures of common Candida species affect DC activation and T cell responses. Thus, this work compared the effects of mannans of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis and Candida dubliniensis on bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) responses in mice. C. albicans and C. tropicalis mannan could not activate DC maturation, however, they induced IFN-gamma production which consequently provoked Th1 responses. C. …

A Comparative Study Of Intraradicular Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilm Removal With Three Root Canal Treatment Systems: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Evaluation, Cyrous Ardalan

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study was to evaluate the biofilm removal efficacy of three root canal treatment systems: ProUltra® PiezoFlow™, traditional needle irrigation, and the GentleWave® system in an ex-vivo benchtop study. Twenty-four extracted maxillary and mandibular molars were selected. Teeth were all instrumented to a master apical file size #25 with 4% taper. Teeth were then randomly divided into four experimental groups and two control groups. The root canals were inoculated with a culture of Enterococcus faecalis and incubated for five weeks to form a biofilm. Each group was then treated with one of the different root canal treatment …

An Investigation Of Surface Characteristics Of Enamel Treated With Infiltrative Resin: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study, Danielle E. Easterly

Theses and Dissertations

AN INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS OF ENAMEL TREATED WITH INFILTRATIVE RESIN: A SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY STUDY

Danielle E. Easterly, Doctorate of Dental Surgery.

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry at Virginia Commonwealth University.

Virginia Commonwealth University. 2017.

Director: Dr. Eser Tüfekçi

D.D.S., M.S., Ph.D., M.S.H.A.

Objective: To evaluate the microstructural changes of a resin infiltrant (ICON®, DMG America LLC, Englewood, NJ) after six months of simulated toothbrushing.

Materials and Methods: Ten extracted third molars (n=10) were collected. Artificial white spot lesions were created and resin applied. Environmental SEM …

A Study Of The Relationship Between Job Related Stress And Temporomandibular Disorders In Accountants Working In Jakarta, Cindy Maura Saputra, Laura Susanti Himawan, Ira Tanti

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Stress is a known risk factor for Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD), however there are few studies of TMD in people who work in high stress jobs. Accounting is a profession known for its high levels of stress and expectation. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the intensity and frequency of job related stress and the occurrence of TMD in accountants in Jakarta. Methods: A cross-sectional study, with ethics approval from the Ethical Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, University Indonesia, was performed on 116 accountants aged 21 to 50, living in Jakarta. Subjects were asked …

Effects Of Flash-Free Technique On Plaque Retention, White Spot Lesions, And Bracket Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Payam Ishani Afousi

Theses & Dissertations

A side effect of orthodontic treatment is the development of white spot lesions (WSLs). This thesis attempted to evaluate the effects of the use of APC™ Flash-Free (FF) and conventional adhesives in bonding of orthodontic brackets on plaque formation and retention, WSL development, and bracket failure in-vivo. This was accomplished by collecting plaque samples from around orthodontic appliances and analyzing them using ATP-driven bioluminescence; scanning enamel surfaces using the Canary System™ to evaluate WSL development, and counting the number of spontaneous debonding of brackets of the 4 maxillary incisors in the first 6 months of treatment. It was found …

Mechanism Of Interaction Of Peptide Modified Nanoparticles With Porphyromonas Gingivalis., Ankita Jain

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Studies suggest that P. gingivalis functions as a keystone pathogen and interacts with primary colonizers in the supragingival biofilm such as S. gordonii. This interaction contributes to the initial colonization of the oral cavity by P. gingivalis and thus represents a potential target for therapeutic intervention. We have identified a peptide (BAR) derived from the streptococcal SspB protein that functions to inhibit P. gingivalis adherence to S. gordonii. In addition, we showed that nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with BAR inhibit this interaction more potently than free soluble peptide, possibly by promoting interaction with P. gingivalis at higher valency than …

Peptoanaerobacter Stomatis Interactions With Neutrophils., Emeri Jimenez Flores

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Peptoanaerobacter stomatis is a newly appreciated taxon, present in high numbers in oral biofilms from periodontal patients. However, little is known about this organism’s potential virulence and its interaction with the host immune response. Therefore, to better understand the role of P. stomatis in periodontitis, we studied its interactions with neutrophils. Human neutrophils were challenged with P. stomatis strain CM2 or S. aureus AF488 (positive control) for 30 min. Bacterial internalization was examined by ImageStreamX imaging flow cytometry. Bacterial viability was assessed by colony-forming unit assays and Baclight assays. Phagocytosis-stimulated respiratory burst response was measured by flow cytometry. The fusion …

Characterization Of Pg1604 (Porz) As An Essential Component Of Type 9 Secretion System In Porphyromonas Gingivalis., Apurva Tadimari Prabhakar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: The numerous virulence factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis are essential for the organism to invade host tissues while escaping immune responses [1, 2]. Some of these factors, like major proteases referred to as gingipains, are secreted by a unique secretion system called PerioGate or Type IX Secretion System (T9SS). T9SS consists of a number of membrane and periplasmic proteins, which provide transportation only for proteins that possess a conserved C-terminal domain (CTD). The CTD functions as a specific recognition signal for the T9SS. PG1604 of P. gingivalis W83 is a CTD-containing protein, which has been shown in our initial studies …

Longterm Quality Of Life After Oncologic Surgery And Microvascular Free Flap Reconstruction In Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Andre Peisker, Gregor F. Raschke, Arndt Guentsch, Korosh Roshanghias, Francy Eichmann, Stefan Schultze-Mosgau

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Background: Quality of life (QoL) has become increasingly important in cancer treatment. It refers to the patient’s perception of the effects of the disease and therapy, and their impact on daily functioning and general feeling of well being. Material and Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 100 patients treated at our institution, completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 questionnaire and the specific EORTC QLQ-H&N35 module. The questionnaires were distributed to the patients between 12 and 60 months postoperatively. Results: Global QoL score was 58.3 and mean score for functioning scale was 76.7. …

Filifactor Alocis, A Newly Appreciated Oral Pathogen, Fails To Induce The Respiratory Burst Response Of Human Neutrophils., Jacob S. Edmisson

College of Arts & Sciences Senior Theses

Almost 50% of adult Americans suffer from periodontitis which is a bacterially induced inflammation of the tissue that surround and support the tooth. The accumulation of neutrophils, a critical cell component of the innate immune system, in the gingival crevice contributes to tissue damage. Filifactor alocis is a newly appreciated pathogen present in oral biofilms at periodontal disease sites. Studying the interactions between neutrophils and F. alocis will provide valuable information for delineating the role of this bacterium in periodontal disease and enhance our understanding of bacterial strategies to evade leukocytes’ antimicrobial mechanisms. The hypothesis that F. alocis modulates human …

Long Term Facial Alveolar Bone Changes Associated With Endosseous Implants In The Anterior Maxilla., Deepika Joshi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Aim: To quantify the radiographic presence and thickness of facial alveolar bone (FAB_r) adjacent to implants placed in the anterior maxillary region. Lack of FAB_r may suggest that graft procedures are desirable prior to implant placement. Material and Methods: With IRB approval, a retrospective analysis of cone beam computed tomographic cross-sectional images of sites with at least one implant in the anterior maxillary region was performed. Details regarding type of implant and location were recorded. FAB_r perpendicular to the long axis each implant was measured at seven levels by two observers independently and means and standard …

Contribution Of Probiotics Streptococcus Salivarius Strains K12 And M18 To Oral Health In Humans: A Review, Turner A. Stowik

Honors Scholar Theses

The overgrowth and disequilibrium of pathogenic microorganism species both native and non-native to the oral cavity can manifest into a variety of different oral diseases, pathologies, and afflictions in humans, including dental caries, gingivitis, pharyngitis, halitosis, and oral candidiasis. Two bacterial strains with clinically-significant probiotic applications in curtailing the pathogenic bacterial growth involved in these conditions are Streptococcus salivarius strain K12 and Streptococcus salivarius strain M18. To summarize the most up-to-date in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research findings, administration of these S. salivarius strains typically in the form of probiotic lozenges results in colonization, reduction in inflammatory measures, …

Modification Of T9ss Cargo Proteins Of Porphyromonas Gingivalis For Their Secretion In Soluble Form And Purification By Affinity Chromatography., Apoorv Goel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone-pathogen associated with periodontitis, utilizes the Type IX Secretion System (T9SS) to secrete proteins bearing the conserved C-terminal domain (CTD), many of which are essential virulence factors. These include, besides gingipains and PPAD, 29 other proteins. During or after the outer membrane translocation the CTD is cleaved off and a glycan moiety is covalently attached anchoring the secreted proteins at the bacterial cell surface. Objective: Most of the CTD bearing proteins have only hypothetical functions assigned. It is plausible that these CTD bearing proteins may also play a crucial role in P. gingivalis pathogenesis. Therefore, …

Tobacco-Gene Activity Profile In Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Filifactor Alocis And Treponema Denticola., Neelima Chowdary Cherukumalli

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Smoking is an established risk factor for periodontitis. Prior studies have shown that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) can induce profound phenotypic changes in Porphyromonas gingivalis and alters the virulence of this important periodontal pathogen. We hypothesized that CSE might also alter gene expression in established periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola, as well as in the emerging pathogen, Filifactor alocis. Oral bacteria were grown in CSE-conditioned medium (1000 ng/ml nicotine equivalents) or in unconditioned control medium. Total RNA was extracted and CSE-regulated genes were identified by comparison of the mRNA profiles of CSE with control cultures using RNA-Seq …

Porphyromonas Gingivalis Gingipains Induce A Pro-Inflammatory Extracellular Microenvironment : The Role Of Par-2 And Fibronectin., Jeffrey S. Marschall

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by severe tissue destruction of the gingiva and other tooth supporting structures; if left untreated, tooth loss and disintegration of the alveolar bone occurs. This chronic inflammatory state has been linked to other systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease. Porphyromonas gingivalis is the major pathogenic microbe in periodontitis. The main virulence factors of P. gingivalis are the Arg-aa and Lys-aa gingipains, which are proteolytic enzymes implicated in a plethora of activities that allow P. gingivalis to subvert the human immune system in the oral cavity …