Oral Biology and Oral Pathology Commons^™

Antibacterial Efficacy Of Resin-Based Dental Composites Modified With Antibacterial Agents Against S. Mutans: A Systematic Review, Ahmad Setiawan Jarigau, Erwin Gunawan, Muhammad Akira Takashi Dharma, Fanny Dinda Nur Aulia, Lenni Indriani Hatta, Nurhayati Natsir

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Introduction: Dental caries caused by Streptococcus mutans is a leading cause of dental restoration failure. Enhancing composite resins with antibacterial agents aims to inhibit bacterial growth and prolong restoration life.

Objectives: This review evaluates the anti-bacterial agents efficacy of these modified composites against S. mutans and explores their mechanisms and potential clinical benefits.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases following PRISMA guidelines, focusing on in vitro studies published between 2015 and 2025. Studies evaluating composites with antibacterial additives against S. mutans using standard microbiological assays were included. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the …

Hypo-Responsiveness Of The Dental Pulp In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes And Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study, Kavitha M, Mallolu Anthony Sanjana Vijay, Niveditha B, Fathima A.I, Pavithra D, Vigneshwaran J

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus and hypertension, two of the most prevalent metabolic disorders worldwide, exert profound and progressive effects on multiple physiological systems. While their systemic complications are well documented, their subtle yet clinically significant impact on oral structures, particularly the dental pulp, remains underexplored.

Objectives: This study aims to assess the functional responsiveness of dental pulp nerves in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension, and to compare the findings with responses from healthy individuals, using an Electric pulp tester (EPT) as a diagnostic tool.

Methods: A total of 600 teeth from 75 adult patients (25 diabetic, 25 …

Predictive Analysis For Success And Complications In Dental Implant Therapy Using Artificial Intelligence Models, Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan, Aysha Jebin A, Isha Dusane, Govind Baheti, Ankita Agarwal, Santosh R Patil

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Introduction: Dental implant therapy is a predictable treatment for tooth replacement, but its success is influenced by multiple patient, surgical, and systemic factors. Traditional statistical models, such as logistic regression, are limited in capturing nonlinear relationships among these variables. Artificial intelligence (AI) can integrate diverse predictors to enhance clinical risk assessment and improve treatment outcomes.

Objective: To identify key predictors of dental implant success and develop AI-based models capable of accurately forecasting implant outcomes using clinical and surgical parameters.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 172 patients (219 implants) placed between 2020 and 2021. Patient demographics, systemic health …

A Comprehensive Analysis Of The Accurate Diagnosis Of Chronic Non-Bacterial Osteomyelitis Of The Jaw In Young Patients: An Assessment Of Clinical And Laboratory Data, Alexander Yu Kugushev, Andrey V. Lopatin, Suzan Dagher

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Objectives: Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a rare autoinflammatory bone disorder predominantly affecting pediatric and adolescent populations. The clinical presentation is heterogeneous, with persistent pain and swelling representing the most frequent and often initial symptoms. These manifestations are commonly localized to the mandible, although involvement of other skeletal sites, including long bones, clavicle, and vertebrae, may occur in more advanced cases. Beyond localized symptoms, some patients exhibit mild systemic features such as low-grade fever, fatigue, or malaise; however, these systemic signs are generally less pronounced than those observed in infectious osteomyelitis. The diagnostic evaluation of CNO is intricate and necessitates …

Cytotoxicity And Osteogenic Potentials Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Via A Novel Formulation Of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: An In Vitro Study, Ahmed Elgendi, Ehab Hassanien, Mohamed Nagy, Iman Fathy, Ashraf Abu Seida, Elhassan Hassanein

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Objectives: Root perforations can lead to periodontitis and alveolar bone loss. This study compared cytotoxicity and osteogenic potential of zirconia-containing mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Matreva (MAT group) to MTA Angelus (ANG group) as root perforation repair materials.

Methods: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) were extracted from two albino rats and cultivated. The cytotoxicity of the studied materials was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay at three time points: 3, 7, and 14 days. The evaluated materials were employed to guide the osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs into osteoblasts. The osteogenic impact was evaluated by assessing calcium …

Evaluation Of The Remineralizing Agents After Orthodontic Bracket Debonding: A Sem-Edx Investigation, Bassant Ashraf Badr, Medhat Elzainy, Noha Ibrahim, Hend El Messiry

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Objectives: To compare the remineralizing efficacy of (Fluoride (Fl) Varnish, Nanohydroxyapatite (n-HAp) serum and NovaMin-containing toothpaste) on premolars subjected to orthodontic debonding and a pH-cycling model.

Methods: 60 human premolars were divided into six groups (n=10). Group IA, sound enamel, IB, orthodontically treated premolars, IC, orthodontically treated premolars subjected to demineralization cycles. Three experimental groups included orthodontically treated premolars subjected to demineralization cycles and treated with Fl varnish (IIA), n-HAp serum (IIB), and NovaMin toothpaste (IIC). Surface topography and mineral content were evaluated using SEM-EDX analysis, and data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA test and Tukey’s post-hoc test. …

Impact Of Systemic Statins On Periodontal Health: A Retrospective Study In A Lebanese Population, Elsa Boustany, Georgio Saad, Wassim Al Manhal

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Introduction: Statins, primarily used for cholesterol management, have shown potential in improving periodontal health due to their anti-inflammatory and bone-regenerative properties.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 30 patients under statin medication. A control group of 30 non-statin users was selected using propensity score matching (PSM) to minimize bias. Data on pocket depth, attachment loss, and radiographic bone loss were collected at two time points: T0 and T1. Statistical analysis was performed using RStudio, with a significance threshold set at p < 0.05.

Results: The study revealed significant decrease in pocket depth (p = 0.0027), attachment loss (p …

Effect Of Gingival Pigmentations And Anterior Crown Heights On Smile Attractiveness Regarding Gingival Exposure Assed By Orthodontists, Dentists, And Laypeople: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Ziad Tannoury, Marianne Moussallem, Joseph Ghoubril, Adib Kassis, Elie Khoury

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of gingival pigmentations and anterior crown heights in conjunction with the maxillary gingival display on the perception of smile attractiveness assessed by orthodontists, dentists, and laypersons.

Methods: Frontal intraoral photograph of ideally aligned teeth was modified to generate 3 levels of gingival smile exposure (2 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm) with 4 different degrees of gingival pigmentation index according to DOPI and 5 different central incisors crown heights (7.7 mm, 8.7 mm, 9.7 mm, 10.7 mm, and 11.7 mm). Attractiveness of these 24 smiles was evaluated by orthodontists …

Oral Lesion As The Initial Presentation In The Diagnosis Of Histiocytosis X: A Case Report With 16-Month Follow-Up, Wassim Al Manhal, Georgio Saad, Charbel Anka, Valerie Aftimos, Michael Daccache, Sophie Abi Raad, Georges Boujaoude

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Introduction: Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare neoplastic disease that comes from the abnormal proliferation of Langerhans cells (LCs). It presents with a broad clinical spectrum, varying from involvement of a single organ system to multisystem disease, and frequently affects children, although cases in adults have been reported. Oral manifestations of LCH are non-specific and may mimic common periodontal conditions, posing a diagnostic challenge for dental practitioners.

Case Presentation: A 63-year-old female patient presented with complaints of periodontal problems. She was initially diagnosed with periodontitis, but symptoms persisted despite treatment, prompting a referral for further evaluation. Histopathological …

Histological Evaluation Of Pulp Response To Pulpine Ne Versus Biodentine As Direct Pulp Capping Materials In A Dog Model, Hagar Bastawy, Maha Ahmed Niazy, Mona Farid, Asmaa Harhash, Mona Aboelwafa, Ashraf Abu-Seida

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Introduction: The material used for pulp capping has a significant impact on the outcome of vital pulp therapy. This study compared the pulp tissue response to Pulpine NE versus Biodentine as direct pulp capping materials in a dog model.

Methods: Twenty-four teeth in two mongrel dogs (1-2-year-old) were used. In each dog (n=12 teeth), the dental pulps were exposed in 8 teeth (2 experimental groups, 4 teeth each) and left unexposed in 4 teeth (control group, n=4 teeth). A class V cavity was performed on the buccal surface of the selected teeth in the experimental groups. The exposed …

Digital Assessment Of Soft And Hard Tissue Alterations After Anterior Maxillary Tooth Extraction, Robin Jalkh, Stephanie Mrad, Emile Chrabieh, Joe Bassil

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Objectives: This study aimed to assess dimensional alterations in soft and hard tissues 12 weeks post-extraction using novel computerized methods. Secondary objectives included exploring potential correlations between soft tissue changes and underlying bone variations, as well as investigating relationships between soft and hard tissue alterations and various contributing factors.

Methods: For all patients, preoperative and postoperative CBCT scans and intra-oral scans were obtained. Soft and hard tissue dimensions before extraction and at 12 weeks post-extraction were measured using 3D-slicer software. Both DICOM and STL files were superimposed, and measurements were taken at 2mm and 4mm from the facial …

Ai And Radiologist Assessments On The Prevalence Of Tmj Osteoarthritis Using Radiographic Images: A Comparative Study, Louloua Mourad, Nayer Abo El Saad, Yehia El Mahallawy

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Objectives: This study aims to address the significant discomfort and functional impairment associated with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA), which negatively impacts the quality of life. It emphasizes the importance of prompt diagnosis and explores the potential of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system to enhance TMJ OA diagnosis.

Methods: The prevalence of TMJ OA was evaluated using 3 diagnostic tools: the gold standard, the AI model, and an examiner. In total, 132 patients who performed 190 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were included.

Results: The prevalence of TMJ OA was 62.11% using the gold standard, 63.68% using …

Assessment And Quantification Of The Microbial Flora In The Output Water Of Two Types Of Dental Chairs: A Comparative Study, Khalil Kharma, Louis Hardan, Cynthia Kassis, Rim Bourgi, Regina Geitani, May Mallah, Elie Maalouf, Carina Mehanna Zogheib

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Objectives: Dental Unit Waterlines (DUWL) have shown to be a perfect host for different pathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the level of bacterial contamination in the output water of 2 types of DUWL.

Methods: Dental unit water samples from the air/water syringe of the A-dec (A-dec™ Performer 200, Newberg, USA) DUWL type and KaVo (ESTETICA™ E30/E70/E80 Vision, Kavo, Biberach, Germany) type were collected and analyzed for total aerobic flora, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, faecal coliforms, total coliforms, faecal streptococci and sulfite-reducing anaerobic flora.

Results: The bacteriological analysis of water samples shows the …

Compound Odontoma: A Clinical Case Presentation, Georgina El Ghoule, Bassam Salameh, Wassim Al Manhal

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Odontomas are asymptomatic benign odontogenic tumors, generally discovered fortuitously, or when a tooth failed to erupt. They are mainly composed of enamel and dentin, cement and pulp tissue can also be present in variable amounts. In 2005, the World Health Organization classified two main types of odontoma, an amorphous and irregular mass of calcified dental tissues as complex odontoma and multiple miniature tooth-like structures as compound odontoma. This article is a case presentation of a compound odontoma diagnosed for an eleven year old girl upon a routine radiography, making it a lesion of childhood /adolescence. A retro-alveolar radiography of the …

Pharmacological Management Of Oral Lesions, Tanishka Taori, Bhinika Wadher, Shefali Maheshwari, Swapnil Mohod, Suwarna Dangore

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Oral ulcerations caused by aphtous lesions, leukoplakia, scarlet fever, syphilis, NOMA, mucormycosis herpetic lesions, candidiasis, discoid lupus erythematous, ulcerative lichen planus, mucous membrane pemphigoid, spongy nevus, oral submoucs fibrosis and pemphigus vulgaris are treated in a step-up fashion that may include topical, intralesional, and systemic pharmaceutical treatment. This page discusses the most often used therapy agents, methods, and dosages. Although the emphasis is on local pharmacologic therapy, systemic illnesses that frequently occur with such oral lesions are briefly discussed, as is the appropriate care.

Rehabilitation Of A Patient With Single Complete Tooth-Supported Overdenture Against The Unmodified Natural Dentition Using Functionally Generated Path Technique: A Case Report, Akanksha Shinde, Nilesh Bulbule, Varun Bhatt, Gayathri Balachandran, Amit Jagtap

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Meyer’s proposed chew-in technique also called functionally generated path (FGP) technique, is indicated for the restoration of an edentulous arch that is opposed by natural teeth as it does seem to provide the most accurate method of recording occlusal patterns, also help to minimize the effects of negative factors, and to overcome the deficiencies of articulators. As stated by Rudd and Morrow, this technique is especially suitable for tooth-supported complete dentures, due to inherent stability of tooth-supported record bases helps in recording jaw relationships accurately. Whenever a single complete denture is opposed by natural dentition, problems observed are abrasion of …

Therapeutic Management Of A Case Of Chronic Myofacial Pain, Anissa Abdelkoui, Jihane Elaoud, Ahmed Abdedine, Nadia Merzouk

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Myofacial pain is a common form of temporomandibular disorders. It is manifested by a sensory, motor and autonomous symptoms caused by trigger points. These pains can significantly affect patients’ quality of life, when they persist. Several etiological factors have been implicated in the genesis of the myofacial pain: muscle overload, emotional tension, harmful postural habits, fatigue, and hypovitaminosis... The diagnosis of myofacial pain is based on a pertinent history and clinical examination. Several therapeutic options alone or in combination have proven their effectiveness. This article aims, through a clinical case, to focus on myofacial pain, possible therapeutics, by focusing on …