Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

Dissolution Rates Of Borophosphate Glasses In Deionized Water And In Simulated Body Fluid, Parker T. Freudenberger, Rebekah L. Blatt, Richard K. Brow

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Particles of Borophosphate Glasses with the Nominal Molar Compositions 16Na₂O-(24-Y)CaO-YSrO-XB₂O₃-(60-X)P₂O₅ (Mol%), Where 0 ≤ X ≤ 60 and Y = 0, 12, and 24, Were Reacted in Deionized Water and in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) at 37 °C. for the Dissolution Experiments in Water, the PH of the Solution at the Conclusion of the Experiments Increased Systematically, from 2.1 to 9.5, for Y = 0 Glasses When 'x' Increased from 0 to 60. the Reaction Rates over the First 8–24 H of Dissolution in Both SBF and Deionized Water Followed Linear …

Erratum To “Structure Of Tin Phosphate Glasses By Neutron And X-Ray Diffraction” [Journal Of Non Crystalline Solids:X 2c (2019) 100017] (Journal Of Non-Crystalline Solids: X (2019) 2, (S2590159119300305), (10.1016/J.Nocx.2019.100017)), U. Hoppe, Richard K. Brow, A. C. Hannon, M. V. Zimmermann

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The publisher regrets the following conflict of interest text was not published. • All the authors listed in this article have made Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND Final approval of the version to be published. • I also undertake that the article represents valid work. Neither this article nor any part of it has been copied or plagiarized from other works. • That the article has not been published so far …

Biopolymer-Based Sustainable Food Packaging Materials: Challenges, Solutions, And Applications, Kalpani Y. Perera, Amit Jaiswal, Swarna Jaiswal

Articles

Biopolymer-based packaging materials have become of greater interest to the world due to their biodegradability, renewability, and biocompatibility. In recent years, numerous biopolymers—such as starch, chitosan, carrageenan, polylactic acid, etc.—have been investigated for their potential application in food packaging. Reinforcement agents such as nanofillers and active agents improve the properties of the biopolymers, making them suitable for active and intelligent packaging. Some of the packaging materials, e.g., cellulose, starch, polylactic acid, and polybutylene adipate terephthalate, are currently used in the packaging industry. The trend of using biopolymers in the packaging industry has increased immensely; therefore, many legislations have been approved …

Interlaminar Tensile Properties Of Unidirectional And Woven Carbon Fiber Reinforced Toughened Epoxy Laminates, Eric Timothy Casey, Sean Mckalip Thompson

Materials Engineering

This project aims to develop a dataset on interlaminar tensile strength comparing unidirectional and woven thermoset matrix carbon fiber composites keeping ply count, matrix material, and fiber diameter constant. The interlaminar tensile strength is an important property relating to the delamination failure mode. Interlaminar tensile strength is determined using the ASTM D6415 testing standard. This test is a modified four-point bend test using a 90° curved beam test specimen. Laminates were produced by laying up pre-impregnated carbon fiber sheets onto a curved beam tooling. The unidirectional laminate was produced with 20 plies in a [0,0,90,0,0]₄ layup pattern. The woven …

Failure Analysis Of Variably Sized 4340 Steel Mandrels Utilized In The Production Of Seamless Superalloy Rings Through The Vertical Ring Rolling Process, Mikhail Alexeyevich Vasilyev, Joshua Brady Venz

Materials Engineering

Vertical ring rolling is a forging process which forms seamless metal rings through applying a large force at elevated temperatures onto component materials stabilized by cylindrical mandrels. Carlton Forge Works, a company which produces rings of superalloy materials such as INCO718 and 718Plus, is experiencing a consistent failure of mandrels due to extreme conditions. An analysis of the lifetime (bulk material, heat treatment, and use) was performed, which aided in the identification of process variables tied to mandrel failure. Experiments were formed surrounding three variables of the mandrel heat treatment: Austenitization temperature, quenching temperature, and tempering conditions, with the goal …

Effect Of Environmental And Ultraviolet Degradation On The Albedo Of Polyethylene Sheet Materials For Improved Energy Harvesting By Bifacial Photovoltaic Power Plants, William A. Jang, Roxy H. Jackson-Gain

Materials Engineering

Solar energy farms typically utilize monofacial photovoltaic (mPV) cells in their arrays to capture direct sunlight to produce renewable energy. However, the efficiency of these farms can be increased by 2 – 6% through the implementation of bifacial photovoltaic cells (bPV). These bPV cells function by capturing incident ultraviolet (UV) light energy that is reflected off the surface to increase its overall energy production. The amount of UV energy that is reflected is dependent on the albedo value of surface, which is a measure of energy reflectance. In this study, samples of unreinforced polyethylene (PE), scrim-reinforced polyethylene (SR-PE), and woven …

Covalent Adaptable Networks For Wood Coatings, Jachin Boaz Clarke

Materials Engineering

Wood swells and shrinks causing problems with seasonal humidity. Applying thick coatings of reactive finishes based on cross-linked polyurethane, epoxy, or polyesters can slow moisture-vapor exchange. However, the use of thick coatings leads to cracking and crazing sooner than thin finishes. This research proposes the addition of 3.3 mol % triazabicyclodecene, a conventionally used covalent adaptable network catalyst, in a commercially available polyester-based wood coating. The self-healing of the wood coating is tested using DMA stress relaxation and compression molding. The result from DMA renders inconclusive and compression molding indicates the novel wood coating oxidizes at elevated temperatures. The wood …

Design, Modeling, And Testing Of A Novel Inductor For Electric Vehicles: Iron Nitride Soft Magnetic Composites, Sydney F. Fultz-Waters, Jacob Krynock

Materials Engineering

New technology for electric vehicles (EVs) must meet the requirements of higher energy usage, lower costs, and more sustainable source materials. One promising material for EV power system components is iron nitride (IN) soft magnetic composites (SMCs) because of their competitive magnetic properties and high abundance of the source materials. As part of an ongoing program at Sandia National Laboratories, this project focused on using computer modeling to optimize the prototyping process for an iron nitride SMC toroidal inductor to reach a target inductance of 600 μH. Four inductors with different combinations of wiring (26 AWG and 20 AWG) and …

Investigation Into Oxygen Diffusion As It Relates To Alpha Case Formation In Ti-6al-4v Based On Different Forging Thermal Cycles, Tyler J. Meador, Jon Leduc, Francesca Hope

Materials Engineering

An investigation into the growth kinetics of alpha case in Ti-6Al-4V in the presence of oxygen was conducted for different forging thermal cycles. This was done to determine whether the alpha case should be removed after each thermal cycle or as the final step after forging. The thermal cycles consisted of four hours at 1750 °F. Samples were subjected to this treatment one, two, three, and four times along with a continuous sixteen hour hold. Four cycle and Hold samples were subjected to an additional thermal cycle above the beta transus at 1925 °F. These then went through a final …

Surface Characterization Of Low-Density Polyethylene Mulch, Risha Shah

Materials Engineering

Plastic pollution in aquatic systems has traditionally been highlighted in past and current research due to the increase in plastic production every year. Unfortunately, quantitative and qualitative data regarding plastic pollution on land systems such as agricultural mulch is limited. Agricultural mulch breaks down into macroplastics and then degrades into microplastics. The microplastics investigated in this study are all secondary microplastics: microplastics that form due to weathering of larger fragments of plastic. Weathering can occur due to a variety of factors; however, UV radiation and mechanical weathering have been the factors of focus on most current research in microplastic formulation. …

3d Printed Aircraft, Matthew Nagy, Charles D'Amico, Alexis Salgado Medina

Mechanical Engineering

This project is to design, build, and test a 3D-printable aircraft. The goal is to create a final design that will be able to fly for the longest duration possible, around 20 seconds. To determine the correct preliminary design and manufacturing process for a 3D printed RC aircraft, an analysis of multiple design options and manufacturing materials was performed. This allowed for a variety of choices for aircraft type, airfoil design, structure, among other topics to be narrowed down to the most promising option. It has been found that the aircraft will follow a design similar to industry motor-gliders, with …

Exploring The Potential Of Pavegen’S Kinetic Energy Generating Floor For Sustainable Energy Solutions: A Proposal For Cal Poly Slo, Brandon J. Cuneo

Construction Management

This paper proposes the installation of Pavegen's kinetic energy generating floors at Cal Poly’s campus as a sustainable energy solution. Pavegen has developed a pioneering technology that converts footsteps into clean and renewable energy. The versatility of these floors is demonstrated through successful implementations in various settings, such as transportation hubs and public spaces, generating power from foot traffic. Collaborations with Schneider Electric, installation at Dupont Circle, and integration at Heathrow Airport showcase the potential for sustainable urban infrastructure. This paper outlines research conducted on Pavegen and similar solutions, including communication with company representatives and examining proposed installation locations at …

Cu/Bnx Catalysts For Electrocatalytic Reduction Of Nitrogen And Nitrate Waste, Siming Huo

Dissertations

Ammonia (NH₃) is one of the most important chemicals to the whole human society. The invention of the Haber-Bosch process enabled the industrial production of NH₃. However, owing to the high capital costs of the centralized plant and the equipment and the negative environmental impact, it is no longer suitable for today's needs of human development. As a result, there is an urgent need to investigate sustainable approaches for ammonia production. Among those reported studies, nitrogen reduction (NRR) and nitrate reduction reaction (NO₃RR) are considered applicable in the future. However, after decades of studying …

Influence Of Material Properties On Granules Prepared By Dry Co-Rotating Twin Screw Extrusion And Counterrotating Batch Mixing, Afstathios Steve Pafiakis

Dissertations

Recently, the pharmaceutical industry has shown interest in continuous granulating technology because of the flexibility it offers as an option that bypasses the costly scale-up process associated with batch manufacturing. However, the granulation mechanism(s) using twin screw co-rotating hot melt extrusion (HME) has not been fully explored, and it is not yet well understood. This leads to costly experiments during development and process reliability problem in commercial manufacturing. The main objective of this dissertation is to increase the mechanistic understanding of the twin screw granulation process of systems containing an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and a polymer excipient. This is …

Decoding The Hydrodynamic Properties Of Microscale Helical Propellers From Brownian Fluctuations, Bernard Yurke

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The complex motility of bacteria, ranging from single-swimmer behaviors such as chemotaxis to collective dynamics, including biofilm formation and active matter phenomena, is driven by their microscale propellers. Despite extensive study of swimming flagellated bacteria, the hydrodynamic properties of their helical-shaped propellers have never been directly measured. The primary challenges to directly studying microscale propellers are 1) their small size and fast, correlated motion, 2) the necessity of controlling fluid flow at the microscale, and 3) isolating the influence of a single propeller from a propeller bundle. To solve the outstanding problem of characterizing the hydrodynamic properties of these propellers, …

Thermal Transport And Physical Characteristics Of Silver-Reinforced Biodegradable Nanolubricant, Jaime Taha-Tijerina, Karla Aviña, Nicolás Antonio Ulloa-Castillo, Dulce Viridiana Melo-Maximo

Informatics and Engineering Systems Faculty Publications

In this investigation, the thermal transport behavior of biodegradable lubricant reinforced with silver nanostructures (AgNs) at various filler fractions of 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 weight percent was evaluated over a temperature scan analysis, ranging from room temperature up to 60 °C. The experimental results revealed significant gradual enhancements in thermal conductivity as AgNs concentration and evaluating temperatures were increased. These improvements showed the important role of nanostructures’ interaction within the biodegradable lubricant. The thermal conductivity performance improved for nanolubricants ranging from 6.5% at 30 °C and 0.20 wt.% AgNs content up to a maximum 32.2%, which was obtained at …

P-Doped Ru-Pt Alloy Catalyst Toward High Performance Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction, Rong-Qin Huang, Wei-Ping Liao, Meng-Xuan Yan, Shi Liu, Yuan-Ming Li, Xiong-Wu Kang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrocatalytic water splitting represents grand promise for hydrogen fuel in modern energy equipment, and the design and fabrication of higher performance catalysts are at the central. Herein, we report the sequential phosphorus (P)-doping into ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles (Ru-P/C) by thermal annealing of Ru nanoparticles in phosphine (PH₃) atmosphere and deposition of extremely low concentration of platinum (Pt) to obtain P-doped Ru-Pt alloy catalyst supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which is denoted as (Ru-P)#Pt/C. The data by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy show that the Ru nanoparticles existed in the form of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phase with …

Deep Euteceic Solvents-Assisted Synthesis Of Novel Network Nanostructures For Accelerating Formic Acid Electrooxidation, Jun-Ming Zhang, Xiao-Jie Zhang, Yao Chen, Ying-Jian Fan, You-Jun Fan, Jian-Feng Jia

Journal of Electrochemistry

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been reported as a type of solvent for the controllable synthesis of metal nanostructures. Interestingly, flower-like palladium (Pd) nanoparticles composed of staggered nanosheets and nanospheres are spontaneously transformed into three-dimensional (3D) network nanostructures in choline chloride-urea DESs using ascorbic acid as a reducing agent. Systematic studies have been carried out to explore the formation mechanism, in which DESs itself acts as a solvent and soft template for the formation of 3D flower-like network nanostructures (FNNs). The amounts of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and sodium hydroxide also play a crucial role in the anisotropic growth and …

Fe Nanoparticles Encapsulated In N-Doped Porous Carbon For Efficient Oxygen Reduction In Alkaline Media, Chun-Yan Li, Rui Zhang, Xiao-Jie Ba, Xiao-Le Jiang, Yao-Yue Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Rational design and synthesis of non-precious-metal catalyst plays an important role in improving the activity and stability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) but remains a major challenge. In this work, we used a facile approach to synthesize iron nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials (Fe@N-C) from functionalized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs, MET-6). Embedding Fe nanoparticles into the carbon skeleton increases the graphitization degree and the proportion of graphitic N as well as promotes the formation of mesopores in the catalyst. The Fe@N-C-30 catalyst showed the excellent ORR activity in alkaline solutions (E₀ = 0.97 V vs. RHE, E_{1/2 …}

Effective Nanomembranes From Chitosan/Pva Blend Decorated Graphene Oxide With Gum Rosin And Silver Nanoparticles For Removal Of Heavy Metals And Microbes From Water Resources, Mohamed Morsy

Nanotechnology Research Centre

No abstract provided.

Flexural Wave Manipulation By Non-Hermitian Planar Elastic Metasurface, Katerina Stojanoska

Theses and Dissertations

It has been demonstrated that metasurfaces with spatially asymmetric inner geometry exhibit unidirectional scattering effects, which can be used to control waves in a directional fashion. In this thesis, a planar Non-Hermitian elastic metasurface exhibiting unidirectional focusing of flexural waves is proposed. Asymmetrically loaded piezoelectric disks and metallic blocks comprise the unit cells. By using a negative capacitance shunting, a tunable material loss is embedded into the system. With suitable engineering of the induced loss profile, resonating building blocks are designed, which are capable of independently accessing unidirectional zero reflection. A planar metasurface is then created so that constructive interference …

Enhanced Throughput Of Aligned Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber Manufacturing Via High-Speed Centrifugal Spinning, Jason Glen Ippolito

Theses and Dissertations

Centrifugal spinning is noteworthy due to its high fiber throughput rate compared to other nanofiber manufacturing platforms. It is capable of producing fibers in the nanoscale diameter range from a multitude of polymers, such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN). With a traditional centrifugal spinner, fiber can be rapidly spun and collected on static posts. However, the use of static posts inevitably forms a dense ring of fiber after a short period of time, and this fiber build up can halt the spinning process. In this work, the factors that influence the throughput and scalability of highly aligned centrifugally spun PAN fibers are …

The Neighborhood As An Energy-Generating Community The Case Of El-Banafseg Residential Neighborhood, East Cairo, Mona Helmy, Amany Micheal

Architectural Engineering

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Cr And Ni Concentrations On Resilience Of Cast Nb-Alloyed Heat Resistant Austenitic Steels At Extreme High Temperatures, Simon N. Lekakh, Mario F. Buchely, Mei Li, Larry Godlewski

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Austenitic Cr–Ni Alloyed Heat Resistant Steels with Nb Additions Are Used for Intensively Thermo-Mechanically Loaded Cast Components Working in Extreme High Temperature Oxidizing Environment. their Performance during Static Oxidation and Transient Thermo-Mechanical Loading Was Investigated to Recommend an Optimal Cost-Effective Cr/Ni Composition of Nb-Alloyed Austenitic Class Steels. the Static Oxidation and Transient Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Three Austenitic Steels with Different Cr/Ni Alloying Levels Were Investigated and Compared for Variety of Working Conditions. Static Oxidation Was Performed between 900 °C and 1000 °C in Air for 400 H. the Critical Temperature Which Increases Spallation during Static Oxidation Was Determined for Each …

Method Of Evanescently Coupling Whispering Gallery Mode Optical Resonators Using Liquids, Hengky Chandrahalim, Kyle T. Bodily

AFIT Patents

The present invention relates to evanescently coupling whispering gallery mode optical resonators having a liquid coupling as well as methods of making and using same. The aforementioned evanescently coupling whispering gallery mode optical resonators having a liquid couplings provide increased tunability and sensing selectivity over current same. The aforementioned. Applicants’ method of making evanescent-wave coupled optical resonators can be achieved while having coupling gap dimensions that can be fabricated using standard photolithography. Thus economic, rapid, and mass production of coupled WGM resonators-based lasers, sensors, and signal processors for a broad range of applications can be realized.

A Prediction Of Young's Modulus For Tin Containing Phosphate Glasses Using Quantitative Structural Information, Tatsuki Shimizu, Akira Saitoh, Uwe Hoppe, Grégory Tricot, Richard K. Brow

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A Rigid Unit Packing Fraction (RUPF) Model Was Used to Better Understand the Influence of Local Structural Units on the Young's Elastic Modulus (E) of Binary and Ternary Tin Phosphate Glasses. Quantitative Analyses of the Units that Constitute the Glass Structure, Obtained from X-Ray/neutron Diffraction and 31P MAS-NMR Spectroscopy, Were Used to Calculate Polyhedral Packing Fractions that, with Tabulated Bond Dissociation Energies, Were Used to Predict E based on a Modification of the Makashima-Mackenzie Relationship, Which Uses Ion Sizes to Calculate Packing Fractions. Predictions based on the RUPF Model Are Better Than Those based on Ion Sizes, and Extending the …

Confined Growth Of Perovskite Stabilized By Strain Engineering, Xucheng Tao

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Halide perovskite has been extensively studied for its excellent optoelectronic properties. In this project, we want to explore some range of band gap that conventional 2D materials could not have. To overcome this challenge, we aimed to produce two-dimensional (2D) perovskites with large scale which is suitable for device fabrication and improve its stability using strain engineering. To prepare such 2D perovskite, we tried 2D transformation first and then decided to use confined growth to optimize result. For strain engineering, we employed sputtered nickel as an external stressor.

So far, we have produced multilayer polycrystalline perovskites material close to atomic …

Piezoelectric And Conductive Polymer Based Flexible Devices Enabling Cardiovascular Health Sensing And Energy Harvesting, Andrew Closson

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Piezoelectric materials show great promise for low-power wearable and implantable sensing, but their rigidity makes it challenging to integrate them with biological tissue. To address this, researchers have started exploring polymer-based functional materials that offer flexibility and are suitable for interfacing with the human body. However, these materials are still in their early stages, and a framework is necessary to illustrate how these materials, in conjunction with novel fabrication techniques and device designs, can enable the development of multi-functional sensing and energy harvesting devices.

This thesis utilizes highly scalable fabrication methods for functional polymers to build and test a flexible …

Two-Dimensional Field Effect Transistor, Yimeng Li

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

As silicon-based field-effect transistors (FETs) approach their physical limits with channel lengths approaching 5 nm, the search for new semiconductor materials that can surpass this limit has become urgent. Two-dimensional layered semiconductor nanomaterials, represented by graphene, have emerged as promising candidates due to their unique physical, mechanical, and chemical properties. Unlike traditional silicon-based FETs, two dimensional (2D) layered nanomaterials are held together by van der Waals forces between layers, with no dangling bonds on the material surface, which can effectively address the short-channel effect issue faced by traditional silicon-based FETs. However, unlike traditional silicon-based FETs, which have matured fabrication systems, …

Memristive Behavior And Its Applications In Different Materials., Mingyang Wu

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

The huge amount of data calculation requires the next generation non-volatile memory (NVM) technology to have the characteristics of large storage capacity and fast read/write speed. The storage and computing are separated in the traditional von Neumann architecture-based hardware platforms. The data transport between information processing and storage are causing increasing time latency, which is called von Neumann Bottleneck. Memristor, as a basic circuit component, could combine perception, storage, and computing in a single component, which has a very wide range of application prospectives. In this paper, we investigate binary oxide memristor and 2D material memristor, including their structural design …