Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

Evolution Of Glassy Carbon Derived From Pyrolysis Of Furan Resin, Josh Kemppainen, Ivan Gallegos, Aaron Krieg, Jacob R. Gissinger, Kristopher E. Wise, Margaret Kowalik, Julia A. King, S. Gowtham, Adri Van Duin, Gregory Odegard

Michigan Tech Publications

Glassy carbon (GC) material derived from pyrolyzed furan resin was modeled by using reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The MD polymerization simulation protocols to cure the furan resin precursor material are validated via comparison of the predicted density and Young's modulus with experimental values. The MD pyrolysis simulations protocols to pyrolyze the furan resin precursor is validated by comparison of calculated density, Young's modulus, carbon content, sp carbon content, the in-plane crystallite size, out-of-plane crystallite stacking height, and interplanar crystallite spacing with experimental results from the literature for furan resin derived GC. The modeling methodology established in this work can …

Switching Of Control Mechanisms During The Rapid Solidification Of A Melt Pool, Yijia Gu, Jiandong Yuan, Lianyi Chen

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Solidification of Alloys is Typically Controlled by Solute Diffusion Due to the Solute Partitioning Happening at the Solid-Liquid Interface. in This Study, We Show that the Switching from Solute Diffusion-Controlled Growth to Thermal Diffusion-Controlled Growth May Happen at the Solidification Front during Rapid Solidification Processes of Alloys Such as Additive Manufacturing using a Phase-Field Model. the Switching is Found to Be Triggered by the Cooling of the Solid-Liquid Interface When It Becomes Colder Than the Solidus Temperature. the Switching Introduces a Sudden Jump of Growth Velocity, an Increase in Solute Concentration, and the Refining of the Resulting Microstructures. All …

Characterization Of Ground Albedo Materials For Bifacial Solar Farms, Fernanda De Los Angeles Garcia, Benny Tam, Jean Lee, James Vance

College of Engineering Summer Undergraduate Research Program

Bifacial photovoltaics can collect solar energy from both sides, unlike regular one-sided solar panels. With the ability to collect energy from both sides, the energy production of bifacial photovoltaic farms is about 2-6% more efficient than typical solar farms. However, the increase in efficiency is highly dependent on the reflectivity of the ground material. This project explores six different materials to determine which material would be best to implement as a ground material for a bifacial photovoltaic farm, based on their mechanical properties and albedo value. Albedo refers to the ratio between the reflected solar radiation to the incident solar …

Cellulose Materials For Drug Delivery Applications, Reham Mohamed

Mechanical Engineering Theses

Non-healing wounds are a growing global public health concern due to inadequate or ineffective therapeutic products available. Cellulose-based biopolymers are attractive wound dressing materials due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and cost-effectiveness. This study aims to design and fabricate solid dosage formulations using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and ethyl cellulose (EC) to facilitate multi-stage releases of phenytoin (PHT) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) from plain carriers, fibers/films composites, and layer-by-layer fiber composites. Results from in vitro drug release assays demonstrated a time-dependent release up to 8 hours from PHT-loaded EC fibers, while TCH-loaded CMC films exhibited a rapid release within 5 minutes. …

Mechanism Underlying Effect Of Expansive Agent And Shrinkage Reducing Admixture On Mechanical Properties And Fiber-Matrix Bonding Of Fiber-Reinforced Mortar, Kamran Aghaee, Taihao Han, Aditya Kumar, Kamal Khayat

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Expansive agent (EA) and shrinkage reducing admixture (SRA) are utilized to reduce shrinkage and risk of cracking in concrete. EA compensates shrinkage by initial expansion, and SRA reduces surface tension in the pore fluid. Although EA and SRA effectively reduce shrinkage, they can impair micro-structure of concrete at high contents. The shrinkage reduction effect of EA and SRA is well known; however, there is limited knowledge about their negative effect on microstructure and fiber matrix interfacial transition zone (ITZ). The current study explores the effect of using 10 % CaO-based EA, 2 % SRA, and their combination on mechanical, shrinkage, …

On The Prediction Of The Mechanical Properties Of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement: A Random Forest Approach Tailored To Cement Chemistry, Taihao Han, Bryan K. Aylas-Paredes, Jie Huang, Ashutosh Goel, Narayanan Neithalath, Aditya Kumar

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) is a sustainable alternative to ordinary Portland cement, capable of reducing the binder's carbon footprint by 40% while satisfying all key performance metrics. The inherent compositional heterogeneity in select components of LC3, combined with their convoluted chemical interactions, poses challenges to conventional analytical models when predicting mechanical properties. Although some studies have employed machine learning (ML) to predict the mechanical properties of LC3, many have overlooked the pivotal role of feature selection. Proper feature selection not only refines and simplifies the structure of ML models but also enhances these models' prediction performance and interpretability. This …

Loading Direction Dependence Of Asymmetric Response Of < C+A > Pyramidal Slip In Rolled Az31 Magnesium Alloy, Yuzhi Zhu, Dewen Hou, Kaixuan Chen, Zidong Wang

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Machine Learning Prediction Of Hea Properties, Nicholas J. Beaver, Nathaniel Melisso, Travis Murphy

College of Engineering Summer Undergraduate Research Program

High-entropy alloys (HEA) are a very new development in the field of metallurgical materials. They are made up of multiple principle atoms unlike traditional alloys, which contributes to their high configurational entropy. The microstructure and properties of HEAs are are not well predicted with the models developed for more common engineering alloys, and there is not enough data available on HEAs to fully represent the complex behavior of these alloys. To that end, we explore how the use of machine learning models can be used to model the complex, high dimensional behavior in the HEA composition space. Based on our …

Additive Manufacturing For Medical Education, Michael Noon

College of Engineering Summer Undergraduate Research Program

A growing body of evidence is suggesting that anatomical knowledge, the keystone of many medical specialties, is suffering among new graduates. While a host of reasons are provided, one common thread that many point to is the decline of cadaver dissections in the classroom. Many virtual audio-visual tools are used to address this gap, yet evidence has shown their ineffectiveness. Given this gap, the high degree of flexibility found in additive manufacturing (AM), and the many uses AM has already found in the medical field, we propose its use to fill this gap, allowing for students to learn with touch …

Interfacial Thermomechanical Behavior Of Hybrid Carbon Fibers, Sriraj Srihari

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

The carbon fiber/epoxy interface is of great importance in composite design due to its load transfer mechanisms from the weak epoxy to the stronger fiber. Improving the strength of the interface reduces the risk of failure at the interface and improves the load transfer to the fiber. In this study, two types of nano-species ZnO nanowires and nickel-based metal organic frameworks were grown on carbon fibers to improve the interfaces. The interfacial mechanics of the enhanced fibers are evaluated using nanoindentation studies. Composite samples with Aeropoxy matrix and vertically aligned fibers are fabricated for this purpose. A Bruker TI-980 TriboIndenter …

Alca: Comparing Icelandic Aluminum Emissions To The World Through Statistical Reasoning And Programming-Based Predictive Tools, Markus Sujansky

Iceland: Climate Change and The Arctic

Aluminum production is a process that is heavily reliant on large amounts of available

energy, and therefore lends itself to locations where energy production is abundant. Iceland, as a global leader in Geothermal and Hydropower energy, has experienced an industrial boom in the past 20-30 years, quickly becoming a top 10 worldwide aluminum producer. However, although the three main companies that operate their smelting processes in the country are powered by clean energy, they still import raw materials from all over the world, with source locations ranging from Brazil to Australia. In order to find out if the long distance …

Study Of All-Group-Iv Sigesn Mid-Ir Lasers With Dual Wavelength Emission, Grey Abernathy, Solomon Ojo, Abdulla Said, Joshua M. Grant, Yiyin Zhou, Hryhorii Stanchu, Wei Du, Baohua Li, Shui-Qing Yu

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Direct band gap GeSn alloys have recently emerged as promising lasing source materials for monolithic integration on Si substrate. In this work, optically pumped mid-infrared GeSn lasers were studied with the observation of dual-wavelength lasing at 2187 nm and 2460 nm. Two simultaneous lasing regions include a GeSn buffer layer (bulk) and a SiGeSn/GeSn multiple quantum well structure that were grown seamlessly using a chemical vapor deposition reactor. The onset of dual lasing occurs at 420 kW/cm². The wider bandgap SiGeSn partitioning barrier enables the independent operation of two gain regions. While the better performance device in terms …

Heterostructure Engineering In Electrode Materials For Sodium-Ion Batteries: Recent Progress And Perspectives, Eric Gabriel, Chunrong Ma, Kincaid Graff, Angel Conrado, Dewen Hou, Hui Xiong

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have stepped into the spotlight as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage systems. However, SIB electrode materials, in general, have inferior performance than their lithium counterparts because Na⁺ is larger and heavier than Li⁺. Heterostructure engineering is a promising strategy to overcome this intrinsic limitation and achieve practical SIBs. We provide a brief review of recent progress in heterostructure engineering of electrode materials and research on how the phase interface influences Na⁺ storage and transport properties. Efficient strategies for the design and fabrication of heterostructures (in situ methods) …

The Effect Of Through Thickness Reinforcement Angle On The Disbonding Behavior In Skin-Stringer Configuration, Christopher John Morris

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Post-cure through thickness reinforcement is a method used to increase the mechanical properties of composite laminates in the transverse direction. This study conducted a test on skin-stringer structures bonded together in three configurations using an epoxy or thermoplastic adhesive at the interface with reinforcing pins inserted through the laminate thickness located at the edge of the stringer at differing angles between -30º and 30º. The fabrication of these samples in configurations B and C consisted of the use of carbon fiber prepeg laminate at a ply orientation of [0₂90₂]_2s for the skin and [0 90] …

Fabrication Of Smooth Sac305 Thin Films Via Magnetron Sputtering And Evaluations Of Microstructure, Creep, And Electrical Resistivity, Manish Ojha

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

SAC305 (96.5%Sn-3%Ag-0.5%Cu) is the leading alternative to the traditional Sn-Pb solder eutectic alloy owing to its low melting temperature, better compatibility with other components, and excellent mechanical/structural properties. In the realm of modern electronics, where devices are increasingly miniaturized, the design and characterization of thin solder joints become paramount. The orientation and size of the grains within the solder can influence its ability to withstand mechanical stresses. However, research on SAC thin films remains sparse, and these films present unique challenges and characteristics compared to their bulk counterparts, influenced by factors like interfaces, stresses, thickness, microstructure, and the nature of …

L(D)-Tyrosine-Mediated One-Step Chiral Graphene Production For Chirality-Dependent Sensing, Fnu Pranav, Ali Ashraf, Meena Jaggi, Subhash C. Chauhan, Murali M. Yallapu

Research Symposium

Background: Chirality has been the most iconic phenomenon that occurred in nature. The idea of mirror-image asymmetry associated with the biological entity is still unsolved The emergence of 2D layered nanomaterials which have already shown amazing properties and a wide range of applications, especially in the areas of sensing.Amino acids enantiomers have similar physical and chemical properties however their physiological responses get changed based on the enantiomers. For example, L from amino acids helps body in protein formation, and generation of biological signals etc. whereas the D-form may cause toxic effects. We have developed a novel and facile synthesis method …

Hydrophobicity Optimization Of Cathode Catalyst Layer For Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, Hao-Jie Chen, Mei-Hua Tang, Sheng-Li Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Hydrophobicity of the cathode catalyst layers (CCLs) crucially determines the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) by affecting the transports of oxygen and liquid water. In this regard, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is usually used as a hydrophobic additive to facilitate the oxygen and water transports in CCLs. So far, there remains lacking systematic effort to optimize the addition methods of PTFE in CCLs and the mechanisms behind. In this work, the effects of the approaches for PTFE addition and the distribution of PTFE on the mass transport of oxygen and the proton conduction in CCLs were studied by using …

Asymmetric Electrode-Electrolyte Interfaces For High-Performance Rechargeable Lithium-Sulfur Batteries, Jia Chou, Ya-Hui Wang, Wen-Peng Wang, Sen Xin, Yu-Guo Guo

Journal of Electrochemistry

With a high cell-level specific energy and a low cost, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery has been intensively studied as one of the most promising candidates for competing the next-generation energy storage campaign. Currently, the practical use of Li-S battery is hindered by the rapidly declined storage performance during battery operation, as caused by irreversible loss of electroactive sulfide species at the cathode, dendrite formation at the anode and parasitic reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface due to unfavorable cathode-anode crosstalk. In this perspective, we propose to stabilize the Li-S electrochemistry, and improve the storage performance of battery by designing asymmetric electrode-electrolyte interfaces …

Dependence Of Heat Transfer Model On The Structure Of Electrically Coil-Heated Microelectrodes, Ju Li, Sen Yang, Jian-Jun Sun

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrically heated microelectrodes have gained much attention in electroanalytical chemistry in recent years. It has been shown that the promotion of mass transport and reaction kinetics at high-temperatures often results in increased current signals. However, there is no study about the heat transfer inner the microelectrodes which is necessary for the design and operation for microsensors. This report introduces a finite element software (COMSOL) to analyze the factors that influence the surface temperature (T_s), which is crucial for the heating ability of micro-disk electrodes with coils. Distances between the electrode surface and the bottom of the heated copper …

Synergistic Effect Of Nanoclay And Barium Sulfate Fillers On The Corrosion Resistance Of Polyester Powder Coatings, Jinbao Huang, Marshall Shuai Yang, Chengqian Xian, James Joseph Noel, Yolanda S. Hedberg, Jian Chen, Ubong Eduok, Ivan Barker, Jeffrey Daniel Henderson, Haiping Zhang, Liqin Wang, Hui Zhang, Jesse Zhu

Chemistry Publications

No abstract provided.

High-Sensitivity Electronic Stark Spectrometer Featuring A Laser-Driven Light Source, J. S. Huff, K. M. Duncan, C. J. Van Galen, M. S. Barclay, W. B. Knowlton, B. Yurke, P. H. Davis, D. B. Turner, R. J. Stanley, R. D. Pensack

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

We report developmental details of a high-sensitivity Stark absorption spectrometer featuring a laser-driven light source. The light source exhibits intensity fluctuations of ∼0.3% over timescales ranging from 1 min to 12 h, minimal drift (≤ 0.1%/h), and very little 1/f noise at frequencies greater than 200 Hz, which are comparable to or better than an arc-driven light source. Additional features of the spectrometer include balanced detection with multiplex sampling, which yielded lower noise in A, and constant wavelength or wavenumber (energy) spectral bandpass modes. We achieve noise amplitudes of ∼7 × 10⁻⁴ and ∼6 × 10^{−6 …}

Correlative Imaging Of Three-Dimensional Cell Culture On Opaque Bioscaffolds For Tissue Engineering Applications, Mone’T Sawyer, Josh Eixenberger, Olivia Nielson, Jacob Manzi, Cadré Francis, Raquel Montenegro-Brown, Harish Subbaraman, David Estrada

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering (TE) is a prospective treatment that can be used to restore or replace damaged musculoskeletal tissues, such as articular cartilage. However, current challenges in TE include identifying materials that are biocompatible and have properties that closely match the mechanical properties and cellular microenvironment of the target tissue. Visualization and analysis of potential 3D porous scaffolds as well as the associated cell growth and proliferation characteristics present additional problems. This is particularly challenging for opaque scaffolds using standard optical imaging techniques. Here, we use graphene foam (GF) as a 3D porous biocompatible substrate, which is scalable, reproducible, …

Fatigue Behavior Of Cu-Zr Metallic Glasses Under Cyclic Loading, Nikolai Priezjev

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

The effect of oscillatory shear deformation on the fatigue life, yielding transition, and flow localization in metallic glasses is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. We study a well-annealed Cu-Zr amorphous alloy subjected to periodic shear at room temperature. We find that upon loading for hundreds of cycles at strain amplitudes just below a critical value, the potential energy at zero strain remains nearly constant and plastic events are highly localized. By contrast, at strain amplitudes above the critical point, the plastic deformation is gradually accumulated upon continued loading until the yielding transition and the formation of a shear band across …

Feasibility Study Of Pavement Rutting Evaluation Method Based On Driving Vibration, Zhang Jinxi, Wang Peirong, Cao Dandan, Ceng Jingxiang

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

To explore the intelligent detection and monitoring methods of pavement performance, this paper utilized the self-developed driving data collection app to collect vibration acceleration and other data of the pavement during driving, and carried out the feasibility study of evaluating the pavement rutting by driving vibration. Firstly, the collected vibration acceleration data was processed for noise reduction, and the driving vibration characteristics in different working conditions were analyzed. Secondly, seven time domain indicators with high correlation between vibration acceleration and the rutting were extracted as the initial set of indicators, and the seven indicators were downscaled into two independent principal …

Influence Of Shear Deformation On Manufacturing And Erection Alignment, Wang Jin, Chen Changsong

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

This paper aims to study the effect of shear deformation on the manufacturing and erection alignment of main girders of free cantilever erection steel box girder bridges and better design the state of bridge formation state. To this end, it calculated the shear stress coefficient of uniformity of the steel box girder’s cross-section by adopting the finite element method and conducted comparison with the solid model of the plate and shell units of the steel box girder. The results show that the shear stress coefficient of uniformity calculated by finite element software is accurate and reliable. Additionally, simple modeling indicates …

Study On Temperature Gradient Of Long-Span Single-Box Double-Chamber Box Girder Bridge, Yang Wenbin

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

In view of the complex temperature effect of the single-box double-chamber box girders, this paper aimed to carry out the temperature gradient study of box girder cross-sections by employing a short-tower single-box double-chamber cable-stayed bridge with span arrangement of (120+120) m. 21 temperature sensors were installed at the cross-sections of large-mileage closure sections, with the set collection frequency of one time per hour and a wireless collection module for data collection. Meanwhile, temperature observation was carried out for a period of 171 d to obtain the distribution law of the temperature gradient in cross-sections of the closure sections. The study …

Experimental Study On The Influence Of Cantilevered Sidewalk On The Wind Resistance Of A Cable-Stayed Bridge With Pk Girder, Yu Zhenghua

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

Bilateral box steel main girders are widely employed in large-span double-plane cable-stayed bridges. These bridges are characterized by low frequency, small damping, and relatively light mass, and their wind resistance stability is a key problem to be solved in bridge construction. By taking the Pingnan super major cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 636 m on Pingrong Expressway under construction as the research project, this paper built a finite element spatial model of the bridge and analyzed the structural modal characteristics. Meanwhile, it carried out the main girder segmental model of elastically suspended vortex vibration and chatter vibration wind …

Orthogonal Analysis Of Influential Factors In Construction Of Portal Pier Foundations Adjacent To Existing Railway, Li Minghua, Feng Jiahui, Han Wenjing

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

To study the influencing factors of portal pier foundation construction adjacent to existing railway, this paper adopted the orthogonal test method based on numerical simulation to study the influence of five factors on the existing railway, including the length of bored piles, construction sequence of bored piles, excavation depth of foundation pits of the bearing platform, length of steel sheet piles, and number of steel sheet piles. The results show that during the bored pile construction stage, the most important factor is the construction sequence of bored piles. Meanwhile, during the stage of foundation pit excavation and substructure construction, the …

Optimization Design Of Highway Tunnel Inner Contour Based On Simu Lated Annealing Algorithm, Zhang Qingwei

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

To optimize the inner contour design of road tunnels, this paper regarded the inner contour design of a road tunnel as an optimization problem in certain conditions. By taking the area optimization as the objective, it introduced the simulated annealing algorithm to solve the problem based on the calculation model building of the inner contour of a single-centered circle with an inverted arch, with a program written for verification and analysis. The results show that the optimization design scheme is feasible and can provide an idea way for the inner contour design of road tunnels.

Comparison Of Specifications For Highway Safety Audi Ts Of China ， The United States ， And Australia, Li Jie, Han Huanhuan, Li Jia, Ren Yabo, Gong Ruiming

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

Traffic safety is one of the three major problems of transportation. To build a transportation power, China has proposed the call of “facilitating the transportation development from pursuing the speed and scale to paying more attention to quality and safety”, and improving the audit specifications of road safety is an important basis for increasing the transportation safety level. This paper firstly introduced the background where China, the United States and Australia issued the audit specifications of road safety, and then compared the differences between the three countries in the aspects of the audit process for road safety, audit indexes and …