Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

Environmental Footmark And Its Effects On The Sustainability Of Towns, Ali Abdul Samea Hameed

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The Ecological Footmark (EF) is one of the utmost recent and important criteria for assessing the capacity of the population to uphold a life sustainable way. It tests the extent which the indicators have an influence on the natural resources (NR) of the ecosystem such as forestry, water bodies, agricultural lands, pastures, CO2, and properties for construction purposes. This footmark was utilized to evaluate the use of NR to the capacity of the land for regeneration. This research paper discusses the theoretical conceptual component of the EF framework and plans regarding issues related to the environment. The environmental image (EI) …

The Effects Of Urban Fragmentation / Analysis Of The Causes And Challenges In The City Structure, Seemon Matte Abbo, Inaam Amin Albazzaz

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Fragmentation is a fundamental term in the history of critical urban thought,yet the product of fragmentation is manifested in fragments. Urban fragmentationis used to describe the phenomenon that occurs when the urban environment isbroken up into smaller units or dispersed areas. This means that cities becomefragmented rather than cohesive and integrated. This disintegration can be the resultof various factors such as poor planning, lack of infrastructure, different land uses,and social dispersion. This research addresses the problem of urban fragmentationas one of the challenges facing the urban structure of cities, and clarifies the mostimportant factors affecting the city structure during the …

A Review: Special Types Of Concrete Used In Structures, Reem Hatem Ahmed, Mohammed Mosleh Salman

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The term “special” possesses inherent significance and is utilized in this context to denote the distinctive attributes characteristic of concrete. The term “special” connotes enhanced strength, durability, and solidity in concrete. The production of specialized concrete involves the incorporation of distinct components via specific procedures following specific criteria. Specialized concrete is required to construct unique structures such as power plants, offshore buildings, docks, and airports. Each of these unique structures is essential for survival in harsh conditions, including sulfate, chemical, acid, and chloride attacks, as well as other surface characteristics. Concrete is a versatile material that exhibits good compressive strength …

The Role Of Young Architects As Entrepreneurship Generational Units In Shaping The Future Of Architecture, Attaa H. Al Obaidi, Anwar. S. Al-Qaraghuli

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Youth are the pillar of nations and the secret of their renaissance, thebuilders of their civilization and the line of defense, the main participants inbasic planning processes, and the agents of change to build a world that iscompatible with the aspirations of future generations. This applies to the field ofarchitecture in terms of the importance of young architects in shaping it underthe challenges it faces, which impose interaction in a manner commensuratewith the emerging requirements and needs. This research is based on theconsideration that young architects are an integrated phenomenon thatcontributes to shaping architectural production according to the data of …

Using Artificial Intelligence To Diagnose Demented In The Elderly, Ohood Fadil Alwan

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

In addition to possible other symptoms, memory loss and impairment are the hallmarks of Demented or Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Despite the fact that dementia is incurable and has a significant negative impact on patients' lives, an early diagnosis can help start the right treatment and prevent additional brain damage. Over the years, machine learning techniques have been used to classify AD; nevertheless, the efficacy of the results depends on the use of multi-step classifiers and manually created features. Thanks to recent advances in deep learning, patterns may now be classified using neural networks' final stage. In order to diagnose dementia …

Risk Detection Of Gestational Diabetes In Early Pregnancy Depend On Artificial Neural Network, Sanaa Hammad Dhahi

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Early prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk is particularly important because it may enable more effective interventions and reduce cumulative maternal and fetal injury. The aim of this study is to develop machine learning (ML) models for early prediction of GDM using widely available variables, facilitating early intervention, and enabling the application of prediction models in settings where more complex tests are not accessible. In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used to detect the risk of gestational diabetes. A global dataset was used to collect clinical and experimental data from pregnant women and people with diabetes …

Impact Of Merging Basalt Fibers With Various Types Of Concrete And The Factors Affecting Them: A Review, Adil M. Jabbar, Lubna S. Dankha

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

This paper reviews effecting of blending basalt fibers into concreteon mechanical properties, ductility, and toughness. Based on concretecomponents, the perfect basalt fiber percentage can differ and is influencedby factors like fiber length, w/c ratio, and age. The beneficial basalt fiberspercentage is lower than that of steel fibers. Even with a low concentrationof basalt fibers, concrete tensile and flexural strength can be improved moreeffectively than a higher amount of steel fibers. As the amount of basaltfiber increases, the mix workability decreases. Additionally, the flow abilitymay drop slightly as the length of the fibers increases. Adding basalt fiber toconcrete can minimize drying …

Physical Properties Of Copper Niobium Nanolamellar Composites Fabricated By Accumulative Roll Bonding, Jared Justice

Nuclear Engineering ETDs

Nanolamellar composites with high interface density have increased strength due to interfaces serving as barriers to dislocation movement and high radiation damage resistance. However, these interfaces also serve as barriers to electron motion, reducing the electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity. This work seeks to understand the inherent tradeoff between strength and physical properties of nanolamellar composites produced by accumulative roll bonding with layer thickness ranging from 25 nm to 193 nm. The electrical resistivity was investigated over temperatures ranging from 2 K to 300 K. The effect of longitudinal rolling and cross rolling was also investigated. Electrical resistivity results were …

Modeling Of Asphalt Concrete For Cross-Anisotropic Visco-Elasticity And Heterogeneity, Zafrul Hakim Khan

Civil Engineering ETDs

Asphalt Concrete (AC) is a cross-anisotropic viscoelastic material. This study has developed a methodology to backcalculate the cross-anisotropic properties of the AC layer from the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) sensor and pavement response data from embedded sensors inside a pavement section. This study has also developed a two-way coupled Multiscale Finite Element Model (MsFEM) with Phase Field Fracture (PFF) to study the microstructural heterogeneity and damage of the AC layer based on the actual field loadings. A Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) and Machine learning-based backcalculation algorithm were developed to determine the layer thickness and dielectric constant from air-coupled Ground …

Design, Fabrication And Characterization Of Zero Power Sensor/Harvester For Smart Grid Applications, Zeynel Guler

Mechanical Engineering ETDs

This study presents a flexible sensor/harvester device to be used in both electromagnetic sensing and energy harvesting applications for smart grids. When a current passes through a wire, the sensor detects the magnetic field created by that current. The sensor magnet interacts with the wire magnetic field resulting in a transfer of energy through the piezoelectric cantilever. Piezoelectric, conductive, magnetic, and magnetostrictive composite thin films were prepared to fabricate this device.

Initially, the magnet of the cantilever was optimized considering its shape, thickness, length, taper angle etc. via both simulations and experiments. Peak to peak voltage versus cantilever position graph …

Air-Jet Bioprinting Of Stem Cell-Encapsulated Alginate Micro-Droplets For Organoid Biomanufacturing, Mirabella B. Stump

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Biomanufactured 3D-organoids show promise for modeling and treating various conditions, particularly insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type-1 diabetes). Pancreatic islet organoids serve as sustainable sources of insulin-producing β-cells, potentially restoring insulin regulation in patients and providing a long-term solution for diabetes. Hydrogel droplet printing is an emerging technique in regenerative medicine due to its advantageous tunability and biocompatibility; however, challenges of consistency, quality control, and scalability persist. To address these issues, we developed a novel air-jetting based droplet bioprinting system for the generation of monodispersed alginate micro-droplets. The objective of this project was to incorporate human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into …

Fabrication And Characterization Of Flexible Microelectrode Arrays On Kapton Polyimide For Implantable Spinal Cord Stimulation Applications, Nabil Jamhour

Theses and Dissertations

Recent advances in spinal cord stimulation (SCS) technology have made a significant impact in the treatment of chronic pain which is a prevalent issue amongst 20% of the population in developed nations. A few medical device manufactures have developed SCS devices that have been studied in clinical environments and reported to be effective and safe for commercial use. However, the current SCS devices available are bulky, rigid, and still present infection, fibrosis, discomfort, pulse delivery challenges and other concerns for patients. In this study, flexible electrodes processed on Kapton® polyimide films by physical vapor and inkjet deposition are fabricated and …

Floating Wind Farm Experiments Through Scaling For Wake Characterization, Power Extraction, And Turbine Dynamics, Juliaan Bossuyt, OndˇRej FercˇÁk, Zein Sadek, Charles Meneveau, Dennice Gayme, Raúl Bayoán Cal

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

In this study, wind and water tunnel experiments of turbulent wakes in a scaled floating wind farm are performed. Scaling of a floating wind farm with a scaling ratio of 1:400 is made possible by relaxing geometric scaling of the turbine platform system, such that the dynamic response can be correctly matched, and to allow for relaxing Froude scaling such that the Reynolds number can be kept large enough. Four dimensionless parameters, describing the relative importance of wind and wave loads compared to turbine inertia, are used to guide the scaled floater design. Free decay tests of the pitch and …

Mechanical Characterization Of Functionally Graded M300 Maraging Steel Cellular Structures, Bradley Jay Sampson

Theses and Dissertations

Traditional methods for increasing the energy absorption of a structure involve using a stronger material or increasing the volume of the structure, resulting in a higher cost or additional weight. Additive manufacturing (AM) can be used to maximize the energy absorption of materials with the ability to create complex geometries such as cellular structures. Previous work has shown that the energy absorption of additively manufactured parts can be improved through functionally graded cellular structures; however, this strategy has not been applied to ultra-high strength steel materials. This work characterizes the effect of multiple functional-grading strategies (e.g. uniform, rod-graded, size-graded) on …

Moisture Effects On Visible Near-Infrared And Mid-Infrared Soil Spectra And Strategies To Mitigate The Impact For Predictive Modeling, Francis Hettige Chamika Anuradha Silva

Theses and Dissertations

Instrumental disparities and soil moisture are two of the key limitations in implementing spectroscopic techniques in the field. This study sought to address these challenges through two objectives. The first objective was to assess Visible-near infrared (VisNIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopic approaches and explore the feasibility of transferring calibration models between laboratory and portable spectrometers. The second objective addressed the challenge of soil moisture and its impact on spectra. The portable spectrometers demonstrated comparable performance to their laboratory-based counterparts in both regions. Spiking with extra-weight, was the most effective calibration transfer method eliminating disparities between instruments. The samples were rewetted …

A Review On Ship Recycling Industry In Bangladesh From Global Perspective, Ahammad Abdullah, Zobair Ibn Awal, M Ziauddin Alamgir, Md. Jobayer Mia, Farihatul Mim, Utpal K. Dhar

Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics

At present, the global center of the ship breaking and recycling industry is in South Asia, specifically Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. These three countries account for 70–80 percent of the international recycling market for ocean-going vessels, with China and Turkey covering most of the remaining market. Only about 5 percent of global volume is scrapped outside these five countries. Bangladesh has environmentally beneficial coastal region and affordable labor that make the shipbreaking and recycling business as a potential sector for the country. In addition, ship recycling and its related businesses are helping to solve our nation’s unemployment issues at all …

Thermally Rearranging Polyimide Networks For High-Temperature Applications, William Guzman

Dissertations

High-performance polymers can retain functional properties when exposed to long-term or short-term durations of harsh conditions, such as mechanical action, at elevated temperatures (>177 °C). A mixture of intramolecular and intermolecular forces of and between polymer chains provide excellent property retention at elevated temperatures. Specifically, the highly aromatic nature of high-performance polymer backbones provides outstanding thermal stability, which is typically attributed to π-π stacking. However, the interrelationship between thermal stability and high aromaticity creates a challenging structure-processing relationship paradigm, which causes poor polymer processability in most high-performance polymers. Herein, it was demonstrated that rationally designing a crosslinking phenylethynyl imide …

Cobalt Chromium In Biomedical Applications And The Development Of A Pspp Map, Nouralhouda Jamal

BCoE Publications

During the world wars, Cobalt-Chromium (Co-Cr) alloys gained prominence for their use in aircraft engine components, where they exhibited high temperature strength and durability. They are used in a wide range of industries due to their unique set of qualities, particularly strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. They have emerged as versatile materials with a broad spectrum of applications, from aerospace and automotive components to biomedical implants.

This paper presents a thorough analysis of its composition, processing techniques, microstructure, mechanical properties, and performance characteristics. The primary goal of this project is to develop a PSPP (Process, structure, properties, and performance) map …

Modification Strategies For Development Of 2d Material-Based Electrocatalysts For Alcohol Oxidation Reaction, Haichang Fu, Zhangxin Chen, Xiaohe Chen, Fan Jing, Hua Yu, Dan Chen, Binbin Yu, Yun Hang Hu, Yanxian Jin

Michigan Tech Publications

2D materials, such as graphene, MXenes (metal carbides and nitrides), graphdiyne (GDY), layered double hydroxides, and black phosphorus, are widely used as electrocatalyst supports for alcohol oxidation reactions (AORs) owing to their large surface area and unique 2D charge transport channels. Furthermore, the development of highly efficient electrocatalysts for AORs via tuning the structure of 2D support materials has recently become a hot area. This article provides a critical review on modification strategies to develop 2D material-based electrocatalysts for AOR. First, the principles and influencing factors of electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols (such as methanol and ethanol) are introduced. Second, surface …

Modification Strategies For Development Of 2d Material-Based Electrocatalysts For Alcohol Oxidation Reaction, Haichang Fu, Zhangxin Chen, Xiaohe Chen, Fan Jing, Hua Yu, Dan Chen, Binbin Yu, Yun Hang Hu, Yanxian Jin

Michigan Tech Publications

2D materials, such as graphene, MXenes (metal carbides and nitrides), graphdiyne (GDY), layered double hydroxides, and black phosphorus, are widely used as electrocatalyst supports for alcohol oxidation reactions (AORs) owing to their large surface area and unique 2D charge transport channels. Furthermore, the development of highly efficient electrocatalysts for AORs via tuning the structure of 2D support materials has recently become a hot area. This article provides a critical review on modification strategies to develop 2D material-based electrocatalysts for AOR. First, the principles and influencing factors of electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols (such as methanol and ethanol) are introduced. Second, surface …

Ionically Crosslinked Cellulose Nanocrystals By Metal Nitrates For The Preparation Of Stable Emulsions With Tunable Interface Properties, Joseph Batta-Mpouma, Gurshagan Kandhola, Jin-Woo Kim

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Biologically extracted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are rod-like and amphiphilic materials with surface-exposed (hydrophilic sites) and hidden (hydrophobic sites) hydroxyl groups. These physicochemical characteristics make CNCs suitable for use as emulsifying agents to stabilize emulsions. Stable oil-in-water emulsions, using sulfated (i.e., – SO₃−) CNCs that were ionically crosslinked with alkaline-earth (i.e., Mg ²⁺) or transition-d-block (i.e., Zn ²⁺) metal cations, were developed without the use of any synthetic surfactants or prior functionalization of pure CNCs with hydrophobic molecules. Various emulsion surface properties such as interfacial tension, surface charge, surface chemistry, as well as rheology were characterized. Ionically …

Process-Driven Microstructure Tailoring During Additive Manufacturing Of Ti-6al-4v, Ahmet Alptug Tanrikulu

Material Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has attracted the attention of many researchers due to the technology providing opportunities in terms of improved functionality, production repeatability, efficiency, and cost and time issues. While AM techniques made possible the realization of complex geometries, their use in critical applications have faced challenges due to the anisotropic characteristic of AM-built parts. More specifically, non-equilibrium AM processes involve steep temperature gradients and rapid solidification, yielding a unique microstructure, e.g., columnar-shaped grains with preferred texture, in final AM-built products and hence anisotropic mechanical properties. Despite significant studies on improving the microstructure of AM-built parts, it …

Spatially Resolved Elastic Modulus Of Magnesium Silicate Hydrate: A Cementitious Material, Arif Syed

Material Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

Magnesium-based cements such as magnesium silicate hydrate (MSH) have drawn interest as an environmentally friendly substitute for ordinary Portland cement because of their potential for reduced carbon footprint. The precise determination of these materials' elastic moduli is important to better assess their mechanical performance. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an effective tool for precise and spatially resolved quantification of nanomechanical characteristics of materials, including thin films. In this study, elastic modulus maps of MSH grown on single crystal mica surfaces were obtained using amplitude modulation-frequency modulation AFM. The effects of the Mg:Si ratio and morphology on the elastic modulus of …

Evaluation Of The Long-Term Performance Of Ogfc In South Carolina, Rishiraj Brahmbhatt

All Theses

Since the 1970s, South Carolina has employed open graded friction courses (OGFC) on high-speed asphalt roadways to enhance wet weather safety. While these mixes have indeed enhanced safety, they still grapple with durability issues, particularly concerning raveling. This research aimed to assess the prolonged performance of OGFC pavements in South Carolina, with a specific emphasis on isolated raveling occurrences. In 2012, the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT), constructed the first Warm Mix OGFC test section in South Carolina on I-20 Eastbound in Kershaw County, spanning 3.9 miles, using the Evotherm additive and excluding fibers. Following the success of this …

Developing High-Performance 2d Heterostructured Electrocatalysts And Photocatalysts For Hydrogen Production And Utilizationsts And Photocatalysts For Hydrogen Production And Utilization, Xiaohan Ma

All Dissertations

H₂ is a pivotal chemical in modern society, not only as a clean energy carrier but also as a versatile chemical reactant. However, traditional hydrogen production and utilization heavily rely on thermocatalysis, which is highly energy-intensive and can result in heavy carbon emission and severe environmental problems. Photocatalysis and electrocatalysis are greener alternatives to thermocatalysis that can capitalize on the renewable sunlight and electricity and thus dramatically reduce energy requirements. However, heterogeneous electro/photocatalysts are still far from application to hydrogen economy due to the lack of design principles that can lead to sufficient efficiency. To address this challenge, the …

Temperature Gradient Effect On Solid-Liqid Interface Properties Of Al-Cu Alloy: A Molecular Dynamics Study, Prashant Kumar Jha

All Theses

Aluminum-copper (Al-Cu) alloys are widely used in the aerospace industry due to their favorable strength-to-weight ratio, good fatigue resistance, and corrosion resistance. These properties make Al-Cu alloys an excellent choice for aircraft structural components that require high strength and low weight. Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has emerged as a promising processing method for Al-Cu alloys in aerospace manufacturing. AM enables the production of lightweight optimized geometries difficult to manufacture through conventional subtractive methods. AM also reduces material waste by only depositing material where needed in the part geometry. The rapid solidification conditions in AM processes motivate …

Fabrication Of Alumina Membranes From Uv Resin– Alumina Particle Slurries, Dominique Henry Porcincula

Master's Theses

Ceramics membranes are made in a wide variety of different techniques using a wide variety of different materials. However, many of the common techniques utilize a slurry of ceramic particles, additives, and either organic solvent or water that is shaped into a membrane, left to dry, and then sintered together. Drying is a time consuming process, often requiring several hours for the liquid medium to evaporate. Defect formation caused by development of partial pressures across the drying membrane, including cracks and warpage, also typically occurs during the drying process. To address this, slurries of ceramic particles made with a low …

Radiation Exposure Calibration Of The Al2o3:C With Radium-226 And Cesium-137 Using The Osl Method, Selma Tepeli Aydin

All Theses

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry was utilized to calibrate Al₂O₃:C powder dosimeters, available commercially as the nanoDot® from Landauer Inc., and compare the dosimeter response to radium-226 (²²⁶Ra) and cesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs). The signal from the OSL was quantified using a microSTARii^® OSL reader also produced by Landauer Inc. Dose-response curves were developed for ²²⁶Ra and ¹³⁷Cs experiments (5 dosimeters each) at thirteen absorbed doses. Individual dosimeter response was tracked by serial number. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine if there were significant differences between the intercepts of the …

A Comprehensive Review On Metal Oxide-Nanocellulose Composites In Sustainable Active And Intelligent Food Packaging, Kalpani Y. Perera, Amit Jaiswal, Swarma Jaiswal, Dileswar Pradhan

Articles

The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the potential advantages and drawbacks of nanocellulose and metal oxide-based composites in food packaging. These materials offer improved mechanical and barrier properties, as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial benefits that extend the shelf life of food products. Nanocomposite structures protect food from various physiological factors and immobilize enzymes, while metal oxide nanoparticles provide antibacterial effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. However, there are concerns regarding the safety of nanoparticles and their potential migration into packaged food during processing and storage. This article explores these issues and highlights the need …

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties And Oxidation Behavior Of Refractory Multi-Principal Element Alloys By Laser Remelting And Conventional Manufacturing, Visharad Jalan, Seth Crawford, Sung Heng Wu, Frank Liou, Haiming Wen

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Refractory multi-principal element alloys (RMPEAs), HfNbTaTiZr, (HfNbTaTiZr)9Cr, and (HfNbTaTiZr)9Al, were manufactured using vacuum arc melting followed by laser remelting to mimic additive manufacturing. the microhardness of the as-cast HfNbTaTiZr, (HfNbTaTiZr)9Cr, and (HfNbTaTiZr)9Al samples after arc melting was measured as 6.20, 7.63, and 6.89 Gpa, respectively. after laser remelting and re-solidification, the hardness increased by ~ 30% for each composition; the hardest was (HfNbTaTiZr)9Cr measured at 9.60 GPa, while the softest was HfNbTaTiZr with a hardness of 8.42 GPa, which was still harder compared to all the other samples. the addition of Al and Cr led to enhanced oxidation resistance for …