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Maine Guide To Energy Efficient Residential Construction : A Manual Of Accepted Practices, State Of Maine Energy Conservation Division

Maine Collection

Maine Guide to Energy Efficient Residential Construction : A Manual of Accepted Practices

State of Maine Energy Conservation Division, Department of Economic and Community Development, 59 State House Station, Augusta, Maine 04333-0059

Second Edition - November, 1997

Contents: Dedication / Acknowledgements / Introduction / Part 1. Summary of Maine's Residential Energy Standards / Part 2. Siting and Initial Design Considerations / Part 3. Important Considerations for the Design Phase / Part 4. Recommended Construction Practices / Appendixes

Flexural Behavior Of Thermoplastic Beams With And Without Frp Reinforcement, Hilmi Coskun

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

This thesis presents the results of an experimental and theoretical study of the flexural behavior of thermoplastic beams with and without fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) rebars. Tests are conducted on commercially available thermoplastic beams known as Seatimber. The normal stress-strain relations of both the thermoplastic material and FRP rebars are obtained in tension and compression experimentally. These mechanical property curves are then used as part of the input for developing the theoretical moment-curvature relations using an iterative equilibrium procedure. The moment-curvature relations are in turn used for predicting the beam load-deflection curves via the central finite-difference procedure. Behavior predictions are made …

Ccfss Technical Bulletin August 1997, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Technical Bulletins (1993 - 2020)

No abstract provided.

A Guide For Designing With Standing Seam Roof Panels, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Ccfss News August 1997, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Newsletters (1999 - 2008)

No abstract provided.

Screw And Welded Connection Behavior Using Structural Grade 80 Of A653 Steel (A Preliminary Study), Exaud N. Koka, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. Laboube

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

This Fourth Progress Report presents the results of 56 connection tests conducted at the University of Missouri-Rolla during February-April, 1997. The intent of this limited test program was to gain an understanding of the general behavior characteristics of connections in grade 80 steels. No attempt was made to develop an indepth understanding of the connection behavior, which would be necessary to propose complete or comprehensive design recommendations. The performance and behavior of screw and welded connections in low-ductility steel were studied by testing to failure 36 specimens using self-drilling screws, 16 welded connections using either transverse or longitudinal fillet welds, …

Behavior Of Web Elements With Openings Subjected To Linearly Varying Shear, Matthew R. Eiler, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

PREFACE An experimental investigation of the shear buckling limit state was conducted on single web, cold-formed steel flexural members with web openings. The purpose of the investigation was to develop a better understanding of the behavior of web elements having a web opening, and to propose appropriate design recommendations based on the observed behavior. The present AlSI ASD and LRFD specifications do not contain design provisions for webs with openings, thus the findings of this study will aid in enhancing the shear design provisions. The test specimens, constructed from C-sections, were subjected to linearly varying shear resulting from the application …

Additional Shear Wall Values For Light Weight Steel Framing (Draft), Reynaud Serrette, Jose Encalada, Georgi Hall, Brandon Matchen, Hoang Nguyen, Alexander Williams, Light Gauge Steel Research Group

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

AlSI sponsored research at Santa Clara University (Serrette, 1996) led to the development of shear values for plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), and gypswn wallboard (GWB) sheathed light weight steel framed wall assemblies. The scope of the 1996 work was, however, limited to plywood, OSB. and GWB on 0.033 in. (20 gauge) framing. To provide a wider range of design options and clarify some of the values from the 1996 test program. a new test program was initialed. The new program included the following wall assemblies: flat strap X-braced walls. steel sheathed walls, high aspect ratio walls, and walls framed …

Ccfss Technical Bulletin February 1997, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Technical Bulletins (1993 - 2020)

No abstract provided.

Strength Of Flexural Members Using Structural Grade 80 Of A653 Steel (Web Crippling Tests), Shaojie Wu, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. Laboube

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

This Third Progress Report summarizes the web crippling tests of 148 specimens and evaluates the test results along with an additional 114 web crippling tests which were reported in 1986 as part of a project on Design of Automotive Structural Components Using High-Strength Sheet Steels. The 148 web crippling tests conducted in this program are the part of the overall project on Strength of Flexural Members Using the Structural Grade 80 of ASTM A653 Steel (former ASTM A446 Grade E Steel). The objectives of the ongoing project are to study the strength and structural performance of flexural members as affected …

Ccfss News February 1997, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Newsletters (1999 - 2008)

No abstract provided.

Design Of Automotive Structural Components Using High Strength Sheet Steels Mechanical Properties Of Materials (Aging Effect), Shaojie Wu, Chi-Ling Pan, Wei-Wen Yu

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

INTRODUCTION It has been known for years that mechanical properties of thin sheet steels, such as yield strength, tensile strength, and ductility, are affected by aging (Chajes et al. 1963, Hertzberg 1989, Yu 1991). The aging effect on mechanical properties can be described as follows. For a virgin steel that is initially loaded in tension beyond its yield strength and into strain hardening state and then unloaded to zero stress, the yield and tensile strengths of the steel increase while the ductility of the steel decreases if the steel is reloaded in tension again after a period of time from …

Reinforcement Of Web Openings In Cold-Formed Steel Members, Erika Kirsten Nelson

Masters Theses

"To expand on previous research concerning perforated cold-formed steel web elements, an experimental investigation was conducted to examine the influence of reinforcement on the behavior and strength of single web flexural members with web openings. In current design practice, reduction factors are applied to the strength equations to account for the debilitating effect of web openings. This reduction in capacity may lead to the selection of a greater member thickness or depth than would be required of a solid web member. A more economical approach may be to reinforce the web in the proximity of the opening to increase the …

Monotonic Tests Of Cold-Formed Steel Shear Walls With Openings, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Additional Shear Wall Values For Light Weight Steel Framing, American Iron And Steel Institute

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

No abstract provided.

Strength Of Flexural Members Using Structural Grade 80 Of A653 Steel (Deck Panel Tests), Shaojie Wu, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. Laboube

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

This second progress report describes the design of deck panel specimens for flexural tests and presents the test results of ninety-three deck panel specimens. The deck panels consisted of single and multiple hat-shaped ribs in their cross sections and were manufactured from 28, 26, and 22 gage steel sheets of Structural Grade 80 of ASTM A653 Steel. Among the ninety-three deck panel specimens, seventy-two panels were tested in simply supported and two-point loading conditions; sixteen panels were tested in simply supported and one-point loading conditions; and five panels with screws penetrating through tension flanges were tested in simply supported and …

Effect Of Bracing Stiffness On Buckling Strength Of Cold-Formed Steel Columns, Pratyoosh Gupta, George E. Blandford, S. T. Wang

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A three-dimensional second-order analysis is used to study the effect of brace stiffness on the buckling strength of cold-formed steel columns. The finite element formulation uses an iterative updated Lagrangian scheme to include the second-order geometric non-linear effects in the space frame element as well as the connection element used to model a brace. Lateral brace stiffness required to achieve full bracing for a two-dimensional column, and lateral and torsional brace stiffnesses required for a three-dimensional cold-formed steel column are studied. The strength requirement for various brace components, the effects of column initial imperfections, and the impact of varying warping …

Interaction Of Flange/Edge - Stiffened Cold Formed Steel C - Sections, Colin A. Rogers, R. M. Schuster

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A revision to the Canadian Standard (S136-94)[1] and the American Specification (AISI- 89)[2], in which the procedure to calculate the effective width of an edge-stiffened compressive flange is modified, has been proposed by Dinovitzer et al.[3]. The proposal involves a change of the equations for the flange plate buckling coefficients of Case II compressive elements, which eliminates a discontinuity in the effective width formulation. The modified local buckling procedure was compared with the current Canadian Cold Formed Steel Standard using a program of beam tests at the University of Waterloo[4] and data available in the literature[8,9, 10, 11,12]. Statistical results …

A New Aisi Cold-Formed Steel Design Manual, Richard C. Kaehler, Paul A. Seaburg

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The Specification Committee of the American Iron and Steel Institute is currently developing a new Cold Formed Steel Design Manual. The work is being done under contract with Computerized Structural Design with oversight provided by AISI Subcommittee 26 - Design Manual. This paper describes the purpose and contents of this Manual. It is expected the Manual will be published in conjunction with the new edition of the Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members early in 1997. The Manual will contain the combined versions of the Allowable Stress Design and Load and Resistance Factor Design Specifications in addition …

Performance Of Self-Tapping Screws In Lap-Shear Metal-To-Metal Connections, Reynaud Serrette, Victor Lopez

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The basic design requirement for screws in light gauge steel construction is the strength of the screw in a given application (metal-to-metal, wood-to-metal, or metal-to-wood) based on the body diameter of the screw. This statement is clearly obvious from the current AISI screw specifications for lap shear metal-to-metal connections. Recent research has shown that the performance of a screw fastener may also depend on other features of the screw including the head and thread style, and the method of installation (stripped versus unstripped screws). The data presented in this paper address these issues for lap shear connections designed with No. …

Cold Formed Steel Flat Width Ratio Limits, D/T And DI/W, Colin A. Rogers, R. M. Schuster

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper reports the findings of an investigation of the flat width ratio limit for simple edge-stiffeners of channels in bending. Willis & Wallace concluded that the lip flat width ratio limit, d/t, should have a value of 14 based on a comparison of the 1980 and 1986 editions of the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Cold Formed Steel Specification. This conclusion was made using the results of only three channel beam tests with various lip sizes, Case III flanges and locally unstable webs. The CAN/CSA-S136 Technical Committee adopted the recommendations of Willis & Wallace and included the lip …

Structural Design Study On A Light - Gauge Steel Portal Frame With Cold-Formed Sigma Sections, Pentti Makelainen, Juhani Kankaanpaa

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Design study is conducted on a thin-gauge cold-formed steel portal frame with compound double (back-to-back) sigma sections in columns and rafters. Experimental study on the sem-irigid rafter-to-column connection behaviour is first carried out for two special bolted connection types based upon specific thin connection plates between the double sections. First connection plate studied was a compact corner plate bolted between double sigma sections of rafter and column end parts. Other connection plate type studied was composed of four together layered thin plates with the edges of two outer plates outwardly lipped at the free side of the corner plate. Connection …

Moment Rotation Behavior For Concrete Filled Shs Column To Composite Beam Connections, J. S. Lee, Young Bonb Kwon, K. S. Woo

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A series of connection tests were carried out to study the behavior of connections between concrete filled Square Hollow Section(SHS) columns and composite W-section beams. The test connections were four different semi-rigid types selected for application to multi -story building frames. The initial flexural rigidities were estimated by different theories and compared with the simple beam. Moment-roration relations were simulated using a finite element program and a simple power model was proposed to predict the moment-rotation behavior of connections.

Strength And Stiffness Calculation Procedures For Composite Slabs, Budi R. Widjaja, Samuel W. Easterling

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Two procedures for calculating the strength and stiffness of composite slabs based on a partial interaction model are introduced. The procedures rely on elemental test results for interfacial and end-anchorage behavior, and thus offer an alternate solution to the m and k method that relies heavily on full scale slab tests. Strength calculations made using the new procedures along with calculations from the Steel Deck Institute procedure are compared to a series of full size composite slab test results.

Strength Of Headed Shear Studs In Cold-Formed Steel Deck, John C. Lyons, Samuel W. Easterling, Thomas M. Murray

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Results from 57 push-out tests of headed shear studs in cold-formed steel deck are presented. The results are compared to predicted strengths using the American Institute of Steel Construction Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification. The results indicate that the AISC specification does not accurately predict the strength of the shear studs placed in steel deck.

Residential Applications Of Cold-Formed Structural Members In Australia, Gregory J. Hancock, Thomas M. Murray

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The design of steel framed houses in Australia is governed by a range of Australian Standards covering materials, strnctural design and performance and loading. The paper describes these standards and their applicability. Innovative building systems using high strength steel have recently been introduced into the residential construction market in Australia. A brief description of the members used in these systems is provided. The National Association of Steel Framed Housing (NASH) promotes the use of steel in homes and provides educational material to assist builders, suppliers, teachers and students.

Steel - The Clear Cut Alternative, Richard Haws

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The current use of cold-formed steel owes its success to efforts which started 50 years ago. In 1946 AISI published the first specification for the design of cold-formed (then known as light gage) steel structural members. The specification was the end product of a doctoral thesis by Dr. George Winter which was initiated in 1939. Since 1946 AISI has continually updated and modernized the AISI Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members. The 1956 manual was the first design specification to have a companion commentary. In 1991 AISI published the LRFD version of the Design of Cold-Formed Steel …

A Study On The Effect Of Cold Forming On The Yield Strength Of Stainless Steel Type 304 - Hardness Test Approach, M. Macdonald, J. Rhodes, M. Crawford, G. T. Taylor

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper describes a preliininary experimental investigation of the effects of cold forming on the material properties of stainless steel comer sections. The background and theory behind the research is briefly reviewed and is followed by a description of hardness testing. Hardness testing is used to postulate values for the increase in yield strength around the comers. The experimental findings are presented and the postulated increases in yield strength are compared with those predicted by two existing theories, and by other experiments carried out by the authors. It is concluded that the linear relationships found between yield strength and hardness …

An Explicit Approach To Design Of Stainless Steel Columns, Jacques Rondal, Kim J. R. Rasmussen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The paper describes a design procedure for stainless steel columns failing by flexural buckling. In the approach, the stress strain-curve is assumed to be expressed as a Ramberg-Osgood curve, defined in terms of the initial modulus (Eâ‚€), the 0.2% proof stress (σ₀.â‚‚) and the parameter n. It is shown that the column curve can be described in terms of the Ramberg-Osgood parameters by adopting a Perry-curve as basic strength curve and expressing the imperfection paranleter in terms of Eâ‚€, σ₀.â‚‚ and n. By using a Perry-curve, the design procedure is explicit. This contrasts the iterative approach described in the ASCE-LRFD …

The Strength Of Partially Stiffened Stainless Steel Compression Members, W. Reyneke, G. J. Van Den Berg

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

In this study the effect of the non-linear behaviour of stainless steels on the local buckling strength of partially stiffened compression elements is studied. The steel under investigation is a Type 304 stainless steel. Doubly symmetric hat section columns were manufactured by a press braking process and tested as stub columns to exclude overall buckling interaction. The different plasticity reduction factors' suggested in the ASCE stainless steel design specification for stiffened and unstiffened compression elements are used to compare experimental results with theoretical predictions. It is concluded that the ASCE and South African stainless steel design specifications overestimate the local …