Chemical Engineering Commons^™

Comparative Performance Of Polymeric Membrane-Catalytic Combined Module Systems For Efficient Co2 Capture, Yamna Saif Alshamsi

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

Effective carbon dioxide (CO2) capture is crucial for mitigating climate change. Membrane-based gas absorption systems, particularly those utilizing monoethanolamine (MEA), offer a modular, scalable, and energy-efficient alternative to conventional methods. However, challenges such as membrane wetting, solvent degradation, and mass-transfer limitations hinder their performance.This research investigated the efficiency of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyethersulfone (PES) polymeric membrane contactors for CO2 absorption using MEA under simulated flue gas conditions. A novel approach involved incorporating nanocatalytic material into the absorbent solution to enhance CO2 absorption. Characterization included SEM, FTIR, XRD, permeability, tensile strength, and contact angle measurements, alongside CO2 absorption performance evaluation. …

Mathematical Modelling And Optimisation Of The Reactor For The Esterification Process Of Safflower Oil With N-Butyl Alcohol, Sadritdin Makhamatdinovich Turabdjanov Academician, Hasan Sadriddin Ugli Fozilov, Ozoda Bakhronovna Axmedova, Sadriddin Fayzullayevich Fozilov

Technical science and innovation

This study addresses the mathematical modelling and optimisation of a reactor for the esterification of safflower oil with n-butyl alcohol. To improve process controllability and reduce the need for numerous pilot-scale trials, an ideal-mixing continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) model was adopted. Incorporating reaction kinetics, the effect of contact time on the relative viscosity of the product mixture was analysed. The modelling results indicate that achieving an acceptable degree of feedstock conversion is difficult when a single ideal-mixing reactor is used. Therefore, a CSTR cascade was proposed, and the configuration with N = 2 reactors was selected as the most appropriate …

Analysis Of Soda Production Processes In Ammonia-Soda Production, Nadirbek Rustambekovich Yusupbekov Professor, Djalolitdin Paxritdinovich Mukhitdinov Professor, Fatima Faxritdinovna Iskhakova

Technical science and innovation

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental principles of the classical Solvay process, a key component in the industrial production of soda ash. It is noted that despite its widespread use and technological maturity, the process has a number of significant technological, energy, and environmental limitations associated with high raw material and energy consumption, the generation of significant industrial waste, and CO₂ emissions. The need to modernize the traditional production process to improve efficiency, resource conservation, and environmental sustainability is substantiated. The review systematically summarizes current approaches to process improvement, including modified versions of the Solvay process, the …

Relationships Between The Parameters Of The Vegetable Oil Refining Process And Energy Consumption, Umidjon Abdimajitovich Ruziev, Marufjon Kobuljonovich Shodiev

Technical science and innovation

Vegetable oil refining is a multi-stage thermochemical process that is closely related to energy consumption, process parameters, product quality, and food safety requirements. Despite the extensive scientific literature on oil quality and pollutant formation, the quantitative relationship between purification parameters and relative energy consumption has not been sufficiently studied. In this work, a systematic analysis and engineering synthesis were carried out based on existing studies. According to the analysis results, the deodorization process accounts for 52–56% of the total thermal energy consumption, with a relative value ranging from 160 to 380 kJ/kg, depending on the enterprise's capacity and heat utilization …

Iron Ore Tailings Reprocessing By Electrostatic Separation Plus Two-Stage Froth Flotation, Vincent Bailey Arohunmolase, Akintunde Stephen Samakinde, Palas Kamlakar Borkar, Daniel Amponsah-Berko, Timothy Eisele

Michigan Tech Publications

The reprocessing of tailings is crucial for recovering valuable iron and reducing the environmental impact associated with tailings disposal. The raw iron ore tailings used in this study had an initial iron oxide content of 24.05 wt% Fe2O3, as determined by ICP-OES analysis. This study investigates the practicality of tailings reprocessing to enhance iron oxide content by integrating electrostatic separation with a two-stage froth flotation process consisting of direct anionic flotation using oleic acid followed by reverse cationic flotation using amine collectors. The primary goal is to efficiently recover valuable iron from tailings, thereby reducing waste and promoting sustainable resource …

Understanding The Binding Of Nickel(Ii) Bromide To A Zirconium Metal-Organic Cage For Heterogeneous Catalysis, Luci Green

Caroliniana Undergraduate Research Journal

Heterogeneous catalysts offer inherent advantages in improving the sustainability of industrial chemical processes. Their high ease of separation and recyclability has the potential to reduce the cost, waste, and energy consumption of processes that currently rely on homogeneous catalysts. Metal–organic cages (MOCs) are an attractive material for heterogeneous catalysis due to their discrete and highly tunable structures, which can be functionalized by binding these complexes with catalytically active metals. The specific objective of this study is to provide preliminary insight into the binding of nickel(II) bromide (NiBr₂) to zirconium MOCs, which was done by studying the binding of …

Sustainable Cellulose Aerogels And Biofaoms From Date Palm Waste For Thermal Insulation Application, Hyder Ali Al Abdallah

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

This dissertation is concerned with the use of date palm waste for the preparation of green lightweight aerogels and foams. Cellulose extracted from date palm wood waste is utilized to fabricate cellulose aerogels. Moreover, wood foams are prepared from whole biomass wood waste, without any prior treatment or extraction processes. The aim of this research is to produce sustainable, green, environmentally friendly heat insulation materials the construction, to replace commercial and fossil-fuel derived heat insulators. In this research, cellulose is extracted from date palm trees waste using both traditional and green environmentally friendly solvents. After extraction, cellulose aerogels are prepared …

Biomass Demineralization: A Critical Need For Future Biorefineries, Leoncio Santiago-Martínez, Styliani Avraamidou, Alejandro Ayala-Cortés, Ruth Azike, Santanu Bakshi, Chumki Banik, Ezra Bar Ziv, Fei Long, Rebecca Ong, Et Al.

Michigan Tech Publications

Biomass contains up to 14 essential elements that serve as nutrients for plant growth and development, including photosynthesis and enzyme functionalities. These elements in different chemical forms (e.g., minerals) constitute the inorganic fraction of biomass and can cause operational issues in thermal and biochemical biomass conversion technologies. In biomass gasification and pyrolysis processes, for instance, inorganics can cause fouling, tar formation, and corrosion. In catalytic and biochemical processes, inorganics can poison catalysts, alter biochemical pathways, and modify product yields and selectivity. This review provides an overview of the inorganic content in biomass feedstocks, the critical role inorganics play in plant …

Self-Assembly Interactions In Magnetite-Coated Cellulose Nanocrystals: Implications For Magnetic Hyperthermia Applications, Mohammad J. Hasan, Erin L. Mcneill, Kishore Chand, Juganta Roy, Monishita Deb, Katherine Schlaak, Sydney Herzog, Yvonne Sun, Sarah Watzman, Esteban E. Ureña-Benavides, Erick S. Vasquez-Guardado

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Magnetic cellulose nanocrystal (MCNC) nanocomposites are promising sustainable and biocompatible platforms for magnetic hyperthermia; however, the molecular mechanisms governing Fe3O4 adsorption and deposition onto CNCs remain poorly understood. Here, sulfated (S-CNC) and TEMPO-oxidized CNCs (T-CNC) were used to prepare nanocomposites at 1:2 and 1:4 CNC:Fe3O4 mass ratios, enabling a systematic evaluation of how surface chemistry and nanoparticle loading dictate interfacial interactions and magneto-colloidal behavior. Bare magnetite nanoparticles were 21 ± 5 nm by TEM but grew to 144 ± 18 in the DLS measurement at pH 7. The S-CNC nanocomposites had hydrodynamic sizes between 144 and 210 nm, not much …

Gas Lift Valve Operation Under Elevated Pressure And Temperature Conditions, Pedro O. De Melo Flores

LSU Master's Theses

Gas lift valves are critical components in artificial lift systems, and their performance directly influences well unloading efficiency and long-term production. Current industry models used to correct valve opening and closing pressure for temperature rely on assumptions that have not been extensively validated against experimental data. This study experimentally investigates the opening and closing behavior of injection pressure-operated (IPO) gas lift valves under controlled elevated-temperature conditions. A load rate test bench was modified to include a heating system capable of maintaining valve temperatures up to 220°F. Five gas lift valve designs from multiple manufacturers were tested over a range of …

Spray Drying Of Cromolyn Sodium For Pulmonary Delivery, Waasif Karuthedath Wahab

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

Cromolyn sodium (CS) is an anti-inflammatory drug that can be used for the effective treatment of respiratory diseases such as asthma. Spray drying techniques are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to produce fine drug powders for pulmonary delivery. The study aimed to develop a new dry powder formulation of CS in combination with leucine and mannitol by spray drying. The target of this study was to develop an inhalable formulation with improved fine particle fraction and less ethanol percentage in the feed solution. To obtain respirable CS: Leucine: Mannitol microparticles, process variables such as total solid concentration, leucine weight …

Evaluating Square Gradient Theory For Correlation And Prediction Of Surface Tension, J. Richard Elliot

University Research

The ESD EOS [Elliott, Suresh, and Dohohue, IECR 1990, 29, 1476] is incorporated into the open-source Square Gradient Theory (SGT) library published by Mejia et al. [Mejia, Müller, and Chaparro-Maldonado, J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2021, 61, 1244]. The combined formalism is evaluated for accuracy compared to experimental measurements and empirical correlation methods. Earlier evaluations of the ESD EOS have shown it to provide accuracy like other EOSs for vapor pressure, vapor–liquid, liquid–liquid, and solid–liquid equilibria where the databases covered roughly 500 compounds and 100–200 mixtures each. For surface tension, a database of measured values for roughly 1000 compounds has been …

Controlled Gelation Of Co₂-Resistant Polymer Systems For Improved Conformance In Co₂-Eor, Maryam Sharifi Paroushi

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

This presentation introduces a CO₂-resistant hydrogel developed to control fluid movement and improve CO₂ injection performance in subsurface reservoirs for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Conventional polymer gels often lose strength in CO₂-rich environments, resulting in weak plugging, early breakdown, and ineffective flow control. To address this limitation, a sulfonated HPAM-based gel system crosslinked with chromium was developed. The effects of polymer concentration, molecular weight, crosslinker ratio, ionic strength, and pH were investigated to better understand gelation behavior and performance. The formulation exhibited controlled gelation, strong resistance to temperature and CO₂, and minimal shrinkage over …

Biosensors For Biomedicine, Drake O'Leary

Miners Solving for Tomorrow Research Conference

This project investigated the use of engineered bacterial reporter systems to detect cellular stress responses associated with antibiotic activity. While constructs were successfully introduced and tested against known antibiotics, the reporter consistently produced a blue signal across conditions, limiting the ability to distinguish specific stress responses. This suggests issues such as leaky expression, insufficient regulatory control, or lack of specificity in the reporter design. Although results were inconclusive, this work highlights key challenges in developing reliable biosensors and provides a foundation for future optimization. Improving signal specificity and reducing background expression will be critical for enabling accurate characterization of antibiotic …

Enhancing Co2 Adsorption And Co2/N2 Separation Performance By Incorporating Calcium In Mil-53 (Al), Hussein Rasool Abid, Hussein Znad, Nabil Majd Alawi, Farhan Lafta Rashid, Anmar Dulaimi, Amer Alanazi, Alireza Keshavarz, Stefan Iglauer, Shaobin Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Global warming is primarily driven by the rapid accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for mitigating CO₂ emissions due to their tunable porosity, large surface area, and structural flexibility. Among them, MIL-53(Al) has attracted widespread interest owing to its excellent thermal and chemical stability. Recent studies show that modifying MOFs with secondary metals can significantly enhance their CO₂ adsorption performance. In this work, a one-pot synthesis method was employed to incorporate calcium (Ca), functioning as a Lewis basic metal, into the MIL-53(Al) framework to produce a series of bimetallic materials: …

Zwitterionic And Anionic Ultrafiltration Membrane Modification For Efficient, Fouling-Resistant Microalgae Harvesting, Victor Okorie Mkpuma, Mohadeseh Najafi, Javad Farahbakhsh, Masoumeh Zargar, Navid Reza Moheimani, Houda Ennaceri

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Membrane surface modification is a promising strategy for fouling mitigation in membrane-based microalgae filtration, primarily by limiting the interactions between the membrane surface and the foulant particles. This study investigated the effectiveness of modified membranes in filtering Chlorella sp. MUR 269. First, three polyethersulfone membranes with varying pore sizes were evaluated to determine the influence of pore size on filtration performance and fouling behavior. The ultrafiltration membrane that exhibited the best performance was subsequently modified using two functional monomers: the zwitterionic [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl (3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide and the negatively charged mono-2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl succinate (MMS). The filtration performance and fouling resistance of the …

Dendrimer Nanogels With Built-In Free Radical Scavenging Enable Efficient Topical Delivery Of A Hydrophilic Antioxidant To Restore Lens Redox Balance For Cataract Treatment, Lin Qi, Huari Kou, Anna Chernatynskaya, Da Huang, Vimalin Jeyalatha Mani, Humeyra Karacal, Nuran Ercal, Hu Yang

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Cataract is a leading cause of vision impairment worldwide and are primarily caused by oxidative stress that damages and aggregates lens proteins, leading to lens opacification. However, the eye's anatomical barriers limit the penetration and bioavailability of antioxidant therapies. To address this challenge, a dendrimer-based nanogel with a built-in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging capability developed by us was employed to deliver the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to the lens. NAC was loaded into a generation-5 PEGylated poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (G5-PEG-TK, termed the GPT) nanogel. The resulting NAC-GPT was characterized for its ROS-scavenging activity, bioavailability, and corneal permeability. The efficacy of NAC-GPT was …

Numerical Study Of Nutrient Mixing In Trabecular Bone In Microgravity, Disuse And Normogravity, Sagar Gharti

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

Mechanical loading is known to regulate bone remodeling by driving interstitial fluid flow which stimulates cells and drives nutrient transport within the trabecular network. In microgravity, the absence of mechanical stimulation or loading suppresses convective flow processes, causing diffusion-driven nutrient mixing and renewal, and accelerated bone loss. This thesis investigates how oscillation frequency and trabecular bone density jointly control nutrient mixing and wall shear stress within trabecular cavities.

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) framework is developed in STAR-CCM+ using a soft-cap oscillation model that mimics cyclic compression. Three idealized trabecular morphologies are simulated across different frequencies to represent microgravity or …

Development, Performance Analysis And Application Of Polymer Inclusion Membranes: A Critical Review, Shayan Abrishami, Mahsa Golmohammadi, Matthew Myers, Masoumeh Zargar, Antonia Pérez De Los Ríos, Francisco José Hernández-Fernández, Amir Razmjou

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) have emerged as sustainable separation platforms that integrate carrier-mediated selectivity within stable polymeric matrices, eliminating drawbacks of conventional solvent extraction such as solvent loss and emulsion formation. This review examines the fundamental principles, recent developments, and performance characteristics of PIMs, emphasizing design, fabrication, and operational optimization. The three essential components, base polymers, plasticizers, and carriers are systematically analysed alongside their synergistic effects on membrane stability, selectivity, and transport efficiency. Emerging materials including ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents as dual-function plasticizers/carriers receive particular attention. Preparation methods are critically evaluated, including solution casting, phase inversion, and thermal …

Engineering Zinc Anodes Through Advanced Manufacturing Strategies For Next-Generation Zinc–Air Batteries, Yasir Arafat, Kareem Bakhsh, Muhammad Rizwan Azhar

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Rechargeable zinc–air batteries (ZABs) are promising next-generation energy storage systems due to their high energy density, intrinsic safety, and low cost. Nevertheless, commercial deployment of Zn anodes is hampered by persistent challenges like dendrite formation, deformation, passivation, corrosion, and the hydrogen evolution reaction. This review systematically highlights the critical relationship between anode morphology and electrochemical performance and discusses recent advances in advanced manufacturing strategies for Zn anodes. Additive manufacturing approaches, such as 3D printing, enable the fabrication of porous and tunable Zn electrodes with enhanced surface area and uniform ion flux distribution. Furthermore, advanced materials processing techniques like alloying, coatings, …

Liquid Membranes For The Selective Extraction Of Lithium Ions From Brine: A Review, Maryam Gonbadi, Shayan Abrishami, Yasaman Boroumand, Ana Vafadar, Magdalena Wajrak, Amir Razmjou

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The surging global demand for lithium, driven by its essential role in batteries for electric vehicles, portable electronics, and energy storage systems, underscores the need for efficient and sustainable extraction technologies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of liquid-based membrane technologies (bulk liquid membranes (BLMs), supported liquid membranes (SLMs), and polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs)) for selective lithium extraction from brine sources. These membranes employ carrier molecules such as crown ethers, organophosphorus compounds, and ionic liquids to achieve high selectivity over competing ions through facilitated transport mechanisms. BLMs, primarily used in laboratory settings, utilize various configurations enabling selective complexation and diffusion …

Graphene Synthesis: A Reactor-Oriented Review Of Conventional And Emerging Production Methods, Paul C. Ani, Zeyad Zeitoun, Hasan J. Al-Abedi, Joseph D. Smith

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Graphene's unparalleled electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties have positioned it as a transformative material across diverse sectors, including electronics, energy storage, biomedicine, and environmental remediation. However, scalable, cost-effective, and high-quality production remains a critical challenge. This review presents a comprehensive, reactor-oriented analysis of both conventional and emerging graphene synthesis methods, categorized into top-down and bottom-up approaches. Special emphasis is placed on the role of reactor configurations in determining product quality, layer control, scalability, and economic viability. Key synthesis techniques explored include chemical vapor deposition (CVD), epitaxial growth, electrochemical exfoliation, ultrasonic-assisted methods, microwave reactors, combustion synthesis, and plasma-enhanced processes. By evaluating …

Near-Wall Void Distribution Characterization In Pebble Bed Reactor Using Gamma-Ray Ct And Dem Simulation, Ahmed Jasim, Mauricio Maestri, Abdullah Al Zubaidi, Omar Farid, Muthanna Al-Dahhan

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Accurate characterization of void-fraction distributions in pebble-bed reactors (PBRs) is essential for predicting flow, heat transfer, and neutronic behavior. High-fidelity experimental benchmark data for validating such predictions remain scarce, largely due to the challenges of non-invasive measurements. In this study, gamma-ray computed tomography (CT) was employed to measure radial and cross-sectional porosity in a laboratory-scale pebble bed containing 6cm graphite pebbles. A Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulation was implemented and validated against these measurements, then applied to the full-scale geometry of the Xe-100 high-temperature gas-cooled pebble-bed reactor. Analyses included radial and axial void-fraction profiles in the cylindrical section and conical …

Biocrude From Organic Waste And Its Conversion To Hard Carbon: Experimental And Modeling Study, Isamu Umeda

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

This study establishes a technical and theoretical foundation for the efficient conversion of organic waste into biocrude and high-value carbon materials, aiming to facilitate the industrialization of hydrothermal and solvothermal liquefaction. The dissertation research is structured as follows:

Chapter 2 developed a novel chemical kinetic model for the HTL of corn stover based on elemental balances (C, H, N, and O). By incorporating temperature, residence time, solid loading as an independent variable, the model successfully predicted product yields and properties, revealing that there was non-pseudo-first-order reaction pathways in the conversion of water soluble organics in aqueous phase (AP) to hydrochar. …

Conceptual Exploration Of Film Cooling Techniques In Hydrogen Gas Turbines, Wen Wu

Student Research Symposium (SRS)

Film cooling is a key heat transfer technique that protects gas turbine blades from extreme temperatures, allowing higher turbine inlet temperatures and greater thermal efficiency. It works by ejecting a thin layer of cooler air from the compressor through small holes onto the hot surface, creating a protective film layer that lowers surface temperature and reduces thermal stress on blades. This process is vital in power generation and propulsion systems that operate near material limits. With growing emphasis on sustainability, film cooling has gained new importance in hydrogen-fueled gas turbines. Hydrogen combustion creates water vaper and low-density exhaust gases, which …

Electronic Trap-State Modulation In Sm-Doped Sno Nanofibers Enables Ultrasensitive Hydrogen Sensing, Asky Fungura, Shan Hu, Shuang Gu, Yixin Liu

Michigan Tech Publications

The demand for sub-ppm hydrogen (H) sensing is growing across emerging applications such as environmental monitoring, breath-based disease diagnostics, and early-stage battery failure detection. However, achieving reliable ppb-level detection with chemiresistive metal oxide sensors remains challenging. At trace gas concentrations, resistance modulation is often insufficient, particularly in the absence of noble metal catalysts. Here, we report samarium-doped tin dioxide (Sm-SnO) nanofibers in which electronic trap-state modulation is exploited to enable ultrasensitive hydrogen sensing. The 2 at% Sm-doped SnO nanofibers exhibited markedly enhanced H sensitivity, achieving clear detection down to 25 ppb H at 200 °C, with a theoretical limit of …

Axial Sulfur-Coordination Engineering Boosting Fe–N–C Catalysts For High-Performance Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, Lin Lin, Xiu-Xuan Hou, Zhe-Chen Fan, Yi-Xuan Yin, Wei-Yi Zhao, Kai Wei, Yu-Die Zhou, Li-Na Hou, Ying Wang, Hao Wan, Jun-Jie Ge

Journal of Electrochemistry

Fe-N-C catalysts have long suffered from kinetically sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to excessive adsorption strength toward oxygen intermediates and low site utilization. Heteroatom doping effectively accelerates ORR reaction kinetics through electronic structure modulation of metal sites for optimal intermediate adsorption, while chemical vapor deposition (CVD) enhances the turnover frequency (TOF) of active sites. Herein, we developed an FeSNC catalyst featuring abundant FeS₁N₄ sites via a dual-precursor CVD strategy. Experimental and theoretical analyses revealed that S incorporation disrupts the symmetric coordination of active sites, which optimizes OH* adsorption energies from 0.212 eV to 1.194 eV. Moreover, …

Entropy Of Metal/Solution Interfaces: Thermodynamic Framework, Theoretical Models, And Roles Of Interfacial Water, Zeng-Ming Zhang, Zi-Xi Liang, Jun Huang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Entropy is a basic thermodynamic property of the electrical double layer (EDL) at metal/solution interfaces, yet, its definition, measurement, and theoretical treatment are dispersed in the literature, and, in some cases, ambiguous. In this paper, we revisit the thermodynamic theory of EDL, from which two variants of entropy, excess entropy and formation entropy, are obtained and compared. In terms of the formation entropy, two calculation routes are validated in the context of a primitive EDL model, namely, the Gouy-Chapman (GC) model. After clarifying the concepts and calculation routes, we investigate interfacial water effects on the EDL entropy, using a refined …

Kinetic Investigation Of The Sn2 Reaction Between Piperidine And Chloroacetic Acid Using Atr-Ftir Spectroscopy, Sadoqat O. Mamatkulova, Oytura S. Maksumova

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

In this study, the kinetic characteristics of the nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction between piperidine and chloroacetic acid were investigated in real time at 50, 60, and 70 °C using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The spectral analysis revealed a gradual decrease in the C–Cl stretching vibration in the 710–730 cm⁻¹ region and a simultaneous increase in absorption bands corresponding to the C–N bond in the 1020–1250 cm⁻¹ region, confirming the consistent progression of the reaction. Analysis of the conversion function X(t) showed values of X = 0.669 at 50 °C, X = 0.826 at 60 °C, and X = 0.970 at 70 °C, …

Development Of A Catalytic System Based On N,N’,N”-Tris-(Β-Oxyethyl)Hexahydro-S-Triazine For Polyisocyanuraturethane Foam, Murod K. Karimov, Nozima M. Alimukhamedova, Lochinbek M. Khurramov, Ravshan I. Adilov, Murafar G. Alimukhamedov

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The aim of this work is to develop a catalytic system for the production of polyisocyanurateurethane foams based on N,N',N"-tris(β-hydroxyethyl)hexahydro-S-triazine (TOEGT). N,N',N"-tris(β-hydroxyethyl)hexahydro-S-triazine (TOEGT) exhibits high catalytic activity in polyurethane foam production processes. However, it exhibited moderate catalytic activity in polyisocyanurateurethane  foams, the formation of which is characterized by the sequential-parallel reactions of urethane formation, isocyanate trimerization, and foaming (isocyanate + water). By varying the composition of the catalytic mixture, the required concentrations of each component were determined, which made it possible to synthesize polyisocyanurateurethane foams that meet the requirements of casting polyurethane foams. The optimal ratio of N,N',N"-tris(β-hydroxyethyl)hexahydro-S-triazine: triethylenediamine: tin …