Chemical Engineering Commons^™

Coarsening Dynamics Of Ternary Polymer Solutions With Mobility And Viscosity Contrasts, Jan Ulric Garcia, Douglas R. Tree, Alyssa Bagoyo, Tatsuhiro Iwama, Kris T. Delaney, Glenn H. Fredrickson

Faculty Publications

Using phase-field simulations, we investigate the bulk coarsening dynamics of ternary polymer solutions undergoing a glass transition for two models of phase separation: diffusion only and with hydrodynamics. The glass transition is incorporated in both models by imposing mobility and viscosity contrasts between the polymer-rich and polymer-poor phases of the evolving microstructure. For microstructures composed of polymer-poor clusters in a polymer-rich matrix, the mobility and viscosity contrasts significantly hinder coarsening, effectively leading to structural arrest. For microstructures composed of polymer-rich clusters in a polymer-poor matrix, the mobility and viscosity contrasts do not impede domain growth; rather, they change the transient …

Molecular Separation By Using Active And Passive Microfluidic Chip Designs: A Comprehensive Review, A. Ebrahimi, K. Icoz, R. Didarian, C.-H. Shih, A. Akpek, Berivan Cecen, Sabanci A. Bal-Ozturk, K. Güleç, Y.-C.E Li, S. Shih, B. Sirma Tarim, H.C. Tekin, E. Alarçin, H. Ghorbanpoor, C. Özel, A. Eker Sarıboyacı, Guzel F. Dogan, N. Bassous, S.R. Shin, H. Avci

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

Separation and identification of molecules and biomolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides from complex fluids are known to be important due to unmet needs in various applications. Generally, many different separation techniques, including chromatography, electrophoresis, and magnetophoresis, have been developed to identify the target molecules precisely. However, these techniques are expensive and time consuming. “Lab-on-a-chip” systems with low cost per device, quick analysis capabilities, and minimal sample consumption seem to be ideal candidates for separating particles, cells, blood samples, and molecules. From this perspective, different microfluidic-based techniques have been extensively developed in the past two decades to separate …

Exploration Of Secondary Structure Directing Agents On The Formation Of Hierarchical And 2d Zeolites, Suleiman Yahaya

ETD Archive

Hierarchical and 2D zeolites address the diffusion limitation of conventional zeolites by enhancing diffusion in the mesopores. So far, the surfactant compounds, which successfully produce hierarchical zeolites, have complex molecular structures making the zeolite synthesis expensive and uncompetitive for commercialization, making cost-effective synthesis of hierarchical and 2D zeolite highly desirable. However, the development of effective synthesis protocols relies on a good understanding of the SDA's influence on crystal morphology development, which is largely unknown. Here, we explore inexpensive and readily available compounds via a dual-SDA strategy and use MFI zeolite as the model system for the research. TPAOH served as …

Influence Of Ligament Locations And Activity Profiles On Risk Of Knee Injury In Adolescents, Alexandria Mallinos

ETD Archive

The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is the most commonly injured ligament in the body. The overall goal of this project is to develop patient-specific computational pediatric knee models that can accurately predict the in vivo biomechanical environment of the ACL. The foundation of this research is broken down into three specific parts: 1) model construction, 2) model validation, and 3) model application.

Specific Aim #1 developed anatomically accurate specimen-specific finite element representations of pediatric tibiofemoral joints. The models were able to demonstrate the ability for the Open Knee cruciate stereolithography (stl) files to be three-dimensional scaled to create subject-specific ligaments …

Process Improvement Of Cu(Ii)-Trymethylamine-Based Active Clay Measurement Test And Total Clay Measurement Test, Christopher Michael Remily

Masters Theses

Foundry work requires a mold made of a mixture of sand, “active clay” to absorb gas, and binders to combine the two and hold the molds shape. When the metal is melted to be poured into the mold, the solubility dramatically increases, causing gas to be temporarily dissolved in the metal. This gas causes small surface pits to form once the metal cools, causing part failure. This causes the need to absorb the gas. Since the clay is used in the process, there needs to be a way to determine how much remains active, which is done with a dye …

Computationally-Driven Insights Into The Ligand Environments Of Materials For Catalysis And Separations, Stephen Vicchio

All Dissertations

Designing new catalytic and sorption materials is necessary to limit global temperature rise below 1.5 ◦C by 2050, while also meeting global energy demands. Climate change and energy production are not mutually exclusive; global population growth has direct impacts on global energy demands and climate. In both catalysis and adsorption applications, new technologies are needed to address these challenges. Catalysis can provide alternate, low-energy routes for converting low-value gases into higher-value chemical commodities, thus altering our current energy production. Likewise, new sorption materials can capture previously emitted CO₂ from decades of energy production from fossil fuels, thus helping to …

Determining The Effects Of Glycocalyx Modifications On The Electrophysical Properties Of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Rominna E. Valentine Ico

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have gained popularity in clinical trials due to their multipotent differentiation characteristics, ability to secrete bioactive molecules, migrate into diseased or damaged tissues, and their immunosuppressive properties. HMSC cultures are heterogeneous, containing stem cells, partially differentiated progenitor cells, and fully differentiated cells. One of the major challenges with hMSCs therapeutic potential is the inability to select specific cell subpopulations due to an insufficient number of biomarkers. Often the biomarkers used, like those for fluorescence-activated cell sorting, are not sufficient to define hMSCs because they overlap with other cell types. Consequently, there is a need to …

Characterization Of Interlayer Laser Shock Peening During Fused Filament Fabrication Of Polylactic Acid (Pla), Fabien Denise

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The field of additive manufacturing (AM) has gained a significant amount of popularity due to the increasing need for more sustainable manufacturing techniques and the adaptive development of complex product geometries. The problem is that AM parts routinely exhibit flaws or weaknesses that affect functionality or performance. Over the years, surface treatments have been developed to compensate certain flaws or weaknesses in manufactured products. Combining surface treatments with the modularity of additive manufacturing could lead to more adaptable and creative improvements of product functions in the future. The current work evaluates the feasibility of pursuing a new research axis in …

Amine-Functionalized Lignin-Based Ionomer Nanocomposites For Redox Flow Batteries, Joshua Wilder

All Theses

As the development of energy storage technologies for renewable energy sources continues to garner attention, vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) have emerged as promising source for grid-scale energy storage. A major component of the VRFB is the ion exchange membrane (IEM), as it serves to physically separate the two liquid electrolytes and also directly impacts the battery’s capacity, efficiency, and cost. The current industry standard IEM, Nafion™, not only accounts for a large portion of the cost of the VRFB but also suffers from poor proton selectivity. Herein, we have synthesized sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) composite membranes containing amine …

Molecular Control Of Triplet-Pair Spin Polarization And Its Optoelectronic Magnetic Resonance Probes, Obadiah G. Reid, Justin C. Johnson, Joel D. Eaves, Niels H. Damrauer, John E. Anthony

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Preparing and manipulating pure magnetic states in molecular systems are the key initial requirements for harnessing the power of synthetic chemistry to drive practical quantum sensing and computing technologies. One route for achieving the requisite higher spin states in organic systems exploits the phenomenon of singlet fission, which produces pairs of triplet excited states from initially photoexcited singlets in molecular assemblies with multiple chromophores. The resulting spin states are characterized by total spin (quintet, triplet, or singlet) and its projection onto a specified molecular or magnetic field axis. These excited states are typically highly polarized but exhibit an impure spin …

Deficiency Of Acute-Phase Serum Amyloid A Exacerbates Sepsis-Induced Mortality And Lung Injury In Mice, Ailing Ji, Andrea C. Trumbauer, Victoria P. Noffsinger, Luke W. Meredith, Brittany Dong, Qian Wang, Ling Guo, Xiangan Li, Frederick C. De Beer, Nancy R. Webb, Lisa R. Tannock, Marlene E. Starr, Christopher M. Waters, Preetha Shridas

Saha Cardiovascular Research Center Faculty Publications

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a family of proteins, the plasma levels of which may increase >1000-fold in acute inflammatory states. We investigated the role of SAA in sepsis using mice deficient in all three acute-phase SAA isoforms (SAA-TKO). SAA deficiency significantly increased mortality rates in the three experimental sepsis mouse models: cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), cecal slurry (CS) injection, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatments. SAA-TKO mice had exacerbated lung pathology compared to wild-type (WT) mice after CLP. A bulk RNA sequencing performed on lung tissues excised 24 h after CLP indicated significant enrichment in the expression of genes associated …

Graphical Analysis And Revamping Of Crude Distillation Units Under Variable Operational Scenarios, Amany G. Abo-Mousa, Dina A. Kamel, Hany A. Elazab, Mamdouh A. Gadalla, Mai K. Fouad

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Energy Cost Represents a Significant Part of the Total Operating Costs of Many Processing Units. Crude Distillation is an Energy Intensive Process. Energy Integration is a Typical Solution to Reduce Heating and Cooling Utilities through Maximizing the Target Temperature of Crude Oil Streams Before Entering the Furnace. over the Past Few Decades, Significant Progress Has Been Made in Energy Integration Methods Including Pinch Technology and Mathematical Programming Approaches. Very Recently, Graphical Techniques Have Been Developed for Revamping Studies and Energy Analysis. Such Diagrams Are Valuable in Energy Targeting to Identity Energy Inefficiencies and Are Key to Potential Modifications for Maximum …

Covid-19 And The Chemical Industry: Impacts, Challenges, And Opportunities, Hossein Abedsoltan

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The COVID-19 pandemic imposed unparalleled challenges for the chemical industry, leading to disruptions in supply chains and demand dynamics. This period of crisis tested the adaptability and resilience of global chemical companies. Despite the challenges, the chemical industry exhibited remarkable innovation, collaboration, and adaptability. It demonstrated its capacity to respond swiftly and effectively to societal needs. Key lessons emerged, emphasizing the importance of diversifying supply chains, implementing scenario planning, and embracing digitalization for enhanced preparedness. As the world progresses toward recovery, the chemical industry is poised to leverage the valuable lessons learned. Industry 4.0 adoption, agile decision-making, and collaborative efforts …

Comparative Evaluation Of Caries Prevalence Among Group Of Egyptian Adolescents Using Dmfs And Icdasii Methods: A Cross-Sectional Study, Mohamed H. Zaazou, Dalia Y. Zaki, Ali Abdelnabi, Tamer M. Hamdy, Reham S. Saleh, Shahinaz N. Hassan, Zeinab M. Zaki, Lamiaa M. Moharam

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Background: Limited data is available regarding the prevalence of dental caries as a chronic disease among adolescents using different caries assessment indices. The aim of this study was to compare and describe the prevalence of dental caries among group of Egyptian students using two caries assessment indices: DMFS and ICDAS II. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study included 2760 public secondary school students with age range from 15 to 18 years with permanent dentition and good general health. Presence of; retained teeth, congenital or developmental anomalies in the permanent dentition, orthodontic treatments, systematic conditions, smoking and general health problems were …

A Review On Liquid Flow Through Low-Density Fibrous Porous Media, Hossein Abedsoltan

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This review focuses on studying liquid flow through low-density fibrous porous media, particularly tissue grades of papers. It discusses experimental designs, factors affecting liquid flow, and various versions of the Lucas-Washburn equation and permeability expressions used to estimate liquid flow in these media. While a comprehensive model for liquid flow in these materials is lacking due to their structural complexity, numerous experimental methods have been developed to determine absorption properties, particularly for wiping and cleaning liquids. The review covers these methods, many of which are proposed by standard organizations. It is a valuable reference for scientists interested in understanding the …

Evaluation Of Different Decontamination Procedures On Bond Strength To Sound And Caries Affected Dentin Using “No-Wait” Universal Adhesive, Lamiaa M. Moharam, Haidy N. Salem, Sherif Khadr, Ahmed Abdou

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Background: Current study aimed to evaluate the effect of different decontamination procedures on micro-shear bond strength (μSBS) of sound (SoD) and caries-affected dentin (CAD) of two universal adhesives after blood-saliva contamination. Methods: One hundred and eighty bovine anterior teeth were prepared and allocated into the respective groups according to tested dentin substrates [SoD, CAD], universal adhesives [Clearfil Bond Universal Quick (UBQ), All-Bond-Universal (ABU)], adhesive contamination stage [none, contamination before and after adhesives light-curing], and according to decontamination procedures [no decontamination, water rinsing, adhesive rebond, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (ETDA) and chlorhexidine (CHX) application]. Universal adhesives were applied according to manufacturer instructions in …

Design And Characterization Of A Novel Eef2k Degrader With Potent Therapeutic Efficacy Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Changxin Zhong, Rongfeng Zhu, Ting Jiang, Sheng Tian, Xiaobao Zhao, Xiaoya Wan, Shilong Jiang, Zonglin Chen, Rong Gong, Linhao He, Jin-Ming Yang, Na Ye, Yan Cheng

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Dysregulated eEF2K expression is implicated in the pathogenesis of many human cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), making it a plausible therapeutic target. However, specific eEF2K inhibitors with potent anti-cancer activity have not been available so far. Targeted protein degradation has emerged as a new strategy for drug discovery. In this study, a novel small molecule chemical is designed and synthesized, named as compound C1, which shows potent activity in degrading eEF2K. C1 selectively binds to F8, L10, R144, C146, E229, and Y236 of the eEF2K protein and promotes its proteasomal degradation by increasing the interaction between eEF2K and the …

Preclassic Environmental Degradation Of Lake Petén Itzá, Guatemala, By The Early Maya Of Nixtun-Ch’Ich’, Brooke A. Birkett, Jonathan Obrist-Farner, Prudence M. Rice, Wesley G. Parker, Peter M.J. Douglas, Melissa A. Berke, Audrey K. Taylor, Jason H. Curtis, Benjamin Keenan

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Paleolimnological Evidence Indicates the Ancient Maya Transformed Terrestrial Ecosystems by Felling Forest Vegetation to Construct Large Civic-Ceremonial Centers and to Expand Agriculture. Human Settlements Influenced Lacustrine Environments But the Effects of Maya Activities on Aquatic Ecosystems Remain Poorly Studied. Here We Analyzed a Sediment Core from Lake Petén Itzá, Guatemala, to Infer Paleoenvironmental Changes Resulting from Maya Occupation of the Archaeological Site of Nixtun-Ch'ich'. Increases in Charcoal and Fecal Stanol Concentrations Indicate Maya Occupation of the Candelaria Peninsula by the Late Early Preclassic Period. Geochemical Proxies Reveal a Period of Lake Ecosystem Alteration during Construction and Expansion of the City's …

Synthesis Of Glucomannan-Xylan Composite Biofilms: Characterization And Applications For Food Packaging, Kholoud Al-Ajlouni

Dissertations

Scientists are most concerned about the need for green alternatives for efficient food packaging polymers to replace petroleum-based packaging products. The waste of corn cobs and the roots of the konjac plant contain hemicellulose, xylan and glucomannan respectively, and can be used to produce biofilms for food packaging.

The aim of these studies is to formulate biofilms from glucomannan-xylan blends that compete with petroleum-based plastic wrap. The biofilms must be strong, smooth, transparent, have a water vapor barrier, have the required mechanical properties and be cheap. Biofilms from glucomannan were stiff, lacked mechanical properties, and absorbed moisture. Therefore, it reacts …

Exploring Modalities Of Productivity And Critical Quality Attributes In Fed-Batch Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Cultures, Stephanie Klaubert

All Dissertations

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are among the most commonly used mammalian cell lines for the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins due to ease of culturing and humanlike post-translational modification capabilities. However, when compared to microbial systems, CHO cell line growth and productivity is relatively low. As the demand for monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatments continues to rise, it is critical to explore modalities for improved growth and productivity in CHO cell cultures, with the goal of increased protein concentrations and maintained product quality. Though some mechanisms for improved productivity, including temperature and cell culture media formulations, are relatively well understood; …

Citrate Hydrogels For Regenerative Medicine Applications, Mark Pitman

All Dissertations

Regenerative medicine focuses on restoring cells and tissues to re-establish proper function. Hydrogels are a customizable and adaptable set of materials that can be engineered as tools for regenerative medicine. My research has focused on developing and applying biomaterials to spinal cord injury and chronic wounds. Spinal cord injury and chronic wounds share pathophysiological issues with oxidative stress, excess free, and macrophage polarization. Furthermore, both conditions lack robust, effective treatments. We hypothesized that citrate hydrogels – hydrogels that contain citric acid as a functional component – would provide radical scavenging and iron chelation that would benefit both conditions. The hydrogels …

Thermo-Kinetic Parameters Governing Decomposition Of Amino Acids: A Computational Study, Mubarak Taleb Alkwradi

Theses

Amino acid model compounds are important nitrogenated species that in various categories of biomass. These compounds exhibit unique fragmentation pathways because of their adjacent amino and hydroxyl groups. Comprehending the decomposition chemistry of amino acids is essential to reduce harmful nitrogen emissions during biomass thermal treatment. This research reports the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of amino acids, and sulfur-containing amino acid, based on accurate density functional theory calculations coupled with kinetic modelling. The first part of the thesis provides comprehensive thermochemical parameters for the complete set of amino acids in the gas phase. The optimized geometries of amino acid compounds …

Selective Production Of Levoglucosan (Lg) From Pyrolysis Of Date Pits And Its Catalytic Transformation Into Transportation Fuels, Ala Hamid Higazi

Theses

Levoglucosan (LG) or (1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose) signifies important sugar derivatives produces in appreciable quantities from thermochemical and biochemical degradation of biomass. It is often regarded as an important platform chemical for the synthesis of value-added products, most notably styrene and furans. The work in this thesis entails two broad aims; to produce LG from pyrolysis of date pits; and then convert the LG into transportation fuels through a hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reaction. The particular choice of date pits stems from its local relative abundance as a waste biomass. Aiming to further improve the yield of levoglucosan yields from pyrolysis of date pits, pre-treatment …

Metal Organic Frameworks With Carbon Black For The Enhanced Electrochemical Detection Of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Shaghraf Javaid, Muhammad R. Azhar, Xinyu Li, Juliette I. Phillips, Tanveer Hussain, Hussein Abid, Jun Chen, Xiaobo Ji, Debbie S. Silvester

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The sensing of explosives such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) directly at an explosion site requires a fast, simple and sensitive detection method, to which electrochemical techniques are well suited. Herein, we report an electrochemical sensor material for TNT based on an ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) sensitized zinc-1,4–benzenedicarboxylate Zn(BDC) metal organic framework (MOF) mixed with carbon black on a glassy carbon electrode. In the solvent modulation mechanism, by merely changing the concentration of NH4OH during synthesis, two Zn(BDC) MOFs with novel morphologies were fabricated via a hydrothermal approach. The as-prepared MOFs were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier …

Capillary-Sealing Efficiency Of Mica-Proxy Caprock For Co2/H2 Geologic Storage In The Presence Of Organic Acids And Nanofluids, Amer Alanazi, Muhammad Ali, Mahmoud Mowafi, Saleh Bawazeer, Ziyad K K. Kaidar, Hussein Hoteit

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Toward a diversified low-carbon future, the geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) is regarded as a key enabler for an industrial-scale implementation. However, many geological formations, such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs, can contain inherent traces of organic molecules that dramatically affect their storage capacities and caprock sealing efficiency. Hence, using the right analysis to accurately determine the caprock sealing efficiency and storage capacity in the presence of organics is crucial for a secure and safe storage process. This study analyzed the sealing potential of a proxy caprock (mica) by calculating the capillary entry pressure and …

Engineered Biomass-Derived Carbon Adsorbents For Targeted Contaminant Remediation From Aqueous Environments, Suraj Venkat Pochampally

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Porous carbon adsorbents like biochar (BC) are produced from waste biomasses like wood chips, animal litter, nut shells, dried grass, etc. to be used in a multitude of applications like gas capture, soil amendment, water treatment, electrode materials, etc. In water treatment, carbon-based adsorbents have been mainly used to physically or chemically adsorb contaminants depending on the adsorption mechanism. However, BCs in their raw state do not have the capability of absorbing high amounts of contaminants and need to be activated/ modified for the pore network to broaden and adsorb the contaminants with better efficiency.

The scope of this dissertation …

Numerical Investigations Of Sco2 Compressor Aerothermodynamics Using A Streamline Curvature Based Throughflow Method, Victor Quintanilla

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) has emerged as a promising working fluid for the Brayton power cycle, offering enhanced efficiency due to the high density and low viscosity of carbon dioxide (CO₂) near the critical point. A critical component of the sCO₂ Brayton cycle is the turbomachinery, namely the compressor, which significantly contributes to the efficiency enhancement in the sCO₂ Brayton cycle owing to reduced compression work requirements. Its primary function involves elevating the fluid's pressure, effectively priming it for the subsequent heat addition process from a thermal energy source. However, despite its advantages, challenges …

Surface Antibody Changes Protein Corona Both In Human And Mouse Serum But Not Final Opsonization And Elimination Of Targeted Polymeric Nanoparticles, Sara Capolla, Federico Colombo, Luca De Maso, Prisca Mauro, Paolo Bertoncin, Thilo Kähne, Alexander Engler, Luis Núñez, Gustavo Larsen, Et Al.

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Faculty Publications

Background: Nanoparticles represent one of the most important innovations in the medical field. Among nanocarriers, polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) attracted much attention due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and capacity to increase efficacy and safety of encapsulated drugs. Another important improvement in the use of nanoparticles as delivery systems is the conjugation of a targeting agent that enables the nanoparticles to accumulate in a specific tissue. Despite these advantages, the clinical translation of therapeutic approaches based on nanoparticles is prevented by their interactions with blood proteins. In fact, the so-formed protein corona (PC) drastically alters the biological identity of the particles. Adsorbed …

A Novel Renewable Energy Powered Zero Liquid Discharge Scheme For Ro Desalination Applications, Mamdouh A. Gadalla, Amr Abdel Fatah, Hany A. Elazab

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This work proposes a conceptual model for a Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) for Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination. The model describes a Process Flow Diagram (PFD). The proposed process relies on an RO followed by electrolyser, solar evaporator and mixing tank. The water reject from the RO is split into three fractions, one to an electrolyser to produce H2, another to solar evaporator to produce fresh water, third is remixed with water from the evaporator to reduce the salinity of the RO feed. The hydrogen produced in the electrolyser is burned and its energy is stored using cement blocks. The evaporator …

Development Of Lignin-Based Copolymers And Polymer Blends, David Chem

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Increasing industrial interest in reducing fossil fuels in virgin polymer production and incorporating bio-based polymeric materials has led researchers to explore the potential of utilizing plant-based polymers such as lignin. Chapter 1 of this thesis presents a comprehensive overview of copolymerization and blending techniques for lignin and synthetic polymers, emphasizing different types of modifications and copolymerization techniques as well as key parameters such as temperature, reaction time, pH level, and solution compositions. These valorization methods are directed towards the development of high-value lignin-based materials with properties well-suited for various commercial applications. Chapter 2 offers a fundamental exploration into the amination …