Aerospace Engineering Commons^™

Space Communication And Aviation Navigation: The United States Moves Towards Performance-Based Navigation, Hank Cabler, Jeff Williams

Online Journal of Space Communication

The U.S. NAVSTAR GPS communications satellite network, integrated with the FAA's Wide Area Augmentation System, or WAAS, provides improvements in GPS accuracy and integrity for aviation navigation throughout the U.S. National Airspace System. WAAS has allowed the FAA to move toward a performance-based NAS, exploiting the concept of "required navigation performance," or RNP. The FAA, in cooperation with aviation stakeholders, is implementing performance-based navigation in the U.S. NAS. Two key components of performance-based navigation are Area Navigation (RNAV) and RNP. These components allow the flexibility to design more efficient airspace and instrument procedures that improve safety, access, capacity and efficiency.

Navigation Errors Introduced By Ground Vehicle Dynamics, William Travis, David M. Bevly

Online Journal of Space Communication

An analysis of navigational accuracy when influenced by ground vehicle dynamics is presented. Tests beds outfitted with various sensor suites were used to collect data when normal and extreme driving maneuvers are executed. The data was run through an extended Kalman filter to produce a navigation solution. The Kalman filter inputs varied on each test bed, using both automotive and tactical grade Inertial Measurement Units (IMU). The position, velocity, and course measurements were obtained from a DGPS unit mounted on the vehicles and used as a truth measurement when exploring dead reckoning error. Additional measurements, such as wheel speed, radar …

Intelligent In-Vehicle Device Based On Arm-Linux Techniques, Xiaoqing Yue, Qishan Zhang, Qing Chang

Online Journal of Space Communication

A new Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is introduced and some ideas about instruction trigger position (ITP) are presented. The design of terminal devices based on an embedded ARM-Linux system in vehicles is presented in detail, including the design and development of both hardware and software.

Deflection Monitoring Of The Forth Road Bridge By Gps, Gethin Wyn Roberts, Chris Brown, Xiaolin Meng

Online Journal of Space Communication

Researchers at the IESSG at the University of Nottingham, in conjunction with colleagues from Brunel University, have carried out deflection monitoring work on structures, notably bridges, for a decade. Initial work was carried out on the Humber Bridge, London's Millennium Bridge and the Wilford Footbridge in Nottingham. These trials were carried out over a number of years, using a whole succession of GPS receivers. The initial trials showed that the use of carrier phase GPS could indeed allow sub centimetre movements to be detected, in addition to which, the frequencies of the movements could be calculated. Today, the authors are …

Navio - A Navigation Service For Pedestrains, Günther Retscher, Michael Thienelt

Online Journal of Space Communication

In the research project NAVIO (Pedestrian Navigation Systems in Combined Indoor/Outdoor Environments) at our university (Vienna University of Technology), we are working on the improvement of navigation services for pedestrians. We are mainly focusing on the information aspect of location-based services, i.e., on the user's task at hand and the support of the user's decisions by information provided by navigation services. Specifications allow us to select appropriate sensor data and to integrate data when and where needed, to propose context-dependent routes fitting to partly conflicting interests and goals as well as to select appropriate communication methods in terms of supporting …

The Possibility Of Precise Positioning In The Urban Area, Nobuaki Kubo, Ryosuke Shibasaki, Akio Yasuda

Online Journal of Space Communication

A third civil frequency at 1176.45MHz will be added to the GPS system.
QZSS (Quasi Zenith Satellite System) proposed by Japan will also have the
new signal. This new frequency and the advent of QZSS will greatly enhance
the accuracy, reliability and robustness of civilian GPS receivers. One of these
enhancements is that it is possible to determine the GPS phase ambiguities
more or less instantaneously. This performance will have a tremendous impact
on navigation. In this paper, the possibility of precise positioning in the urban
area is examined from a point of instantaneous ambiguity resolution.
A typical QZSS constellation, …

Using Glonass In Combined Gnss Receivers: Current Status, Alexei E. Zinoviev

Online Journal of Space Communication

The paper focuses on using GLONASS in state-of-the-art combined GNSS (GPS/GLONASS) receivers. The launch of GLONASS-M satellite is an important event that opens new horizons for satellite navigation. Correspondingly, the description of advantages associated with new hardware and new navigation data of GLONASS-M satellites is given. Also, current status of GLONASS and plans of its modernization are considered.

For combined use of GPS and GLONASS, interoperability issues that originate from differences in initial designing of both systems need to be resolved. It is demonstrated that such issues have been resolved at the level that meets all the practical needs. Also, …

The Implementation Of A Public-Private Partnership For Galileo: Comparison Of Galileo And Skynet 5 With Other Projects, Xavier Bertran, Alexis Vidal

Online Journal of Space Communication

Galileo, Europe's global navigation satellite system, represents a major public infrastructure offering numerous advantages for civilian users worldwide. The public dimension combined with the significant growth of the satellite navigation markets prompted the European Union to choose a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) scheme for the deployment and operational phases of the Galileo program. After a short introduction on the fundamentals of PPP schemes, both Galileo and Skynet 5 programs are compared to other large scale PPP projects, mainly in the transport sector. It clearly appears that a strong cooperation between the public sector and industry is needed for PPPs in the …

Polar Air Traffic Control, Israel Greenfeld, Ron Sicker

Online Journal of Space Communication

Air Traffic Control (ATC) operations over Continental US (CONUS) are becoming challenged due to increasing traffic loads vying for limited communications channels. Nevertheless, the CONUS situation is much better than what exists in the oceanic airspace.

Next Generation Differential Gps Architecture, A. Cleveland, D. Wolfe, M. Parsons, B. Remondi, K. Ferguson, M. Albright

Online Journal of Space Communication

The United States Coast Guard is engaged in a project to re-capitalize Reference Station (RS) and Integrity Monitor (IM) equipment used in the Nationwide Differential Global Position System (NDGPS). The Coast Guard in partnership with industry is developing a new software application to run on an open architecture platform as a replacement for legacy equipment. Present commercially available off-the-shelf Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) RS and IM equipment lacks the open architecture required to support long term goals and future system improvements. The utility of the proposed new hardware architecture and software application is impressive - nearly every aspect of …

Indian Plan For Satellite-Based Navigation Systems For Civil Aviation, S. V. Kibe

Online Journal of Space Communication

The Airports Authority of India and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to implement a satellite based navigation system as part of the satellite based Communication, Navigation, Surveillance (CNS) and Air Traffic Management (ATM) plan for Civil Aviation in India.

For satellite based navigation in India two core constellations--Global Positioning System (GPS) of the United States and GLONASS of the Russian Federation--are available. The position accuracies achievable with these core constellations are not good enough for precision approach and landing requirements of Civil Aviation. These constellations need to be augmented. Three types of …

Operating Egnos, Ashley W. Lyon, Jon Westbrook, Umberto Guida

Online Journal of Space Communication

The ESSP (European Satellite Services Provider) has been created in April 2000 to operate the EGNOS system and provide signal and data services to users in Europe. The company has now seen seven shareholders, all European Air Traffic Service Providers: NATS (UK), DGAC/DSNA (F), AENA (E), ENAV (I), DFS (D), NAV-PT (P) and skyguide (CH). These organisations are also responsible for the hosting and operations of EGNOS system infrastructure.

The EGNOS system has been designed, developed and deployed by Alcatel under a European Space Agency (ESA) contract as part of the ESA ARTES IX programme.

The EGNOS system ESA milestone …

The Role Of The Australian Communication And Media Authority (Acma) In Gnss Protection And Regulation, Kirsten Musgrove

Online Journal of Space Communication

The Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) is responsible for regulating telecommunications and radiocommunications in Australia, including promoting industry self-regulation and managing the radiofrequency spectrum. ACMA also has significant consumer protection responsibilities.

ACMA was established in July 2005 under the Australian Communications and Media Authority Act 2005, and exercises powers under the Telecommunications Act 1997, the Telecommunications (Consumer Protection and Service Standards) Act 1999, the Radiocommunications Act 1992, the Spam Act 2003, and other related legislation.

Issue 9: From The Guest Editors, Paul Bobrowski, Qishan Zhang

Online Journal of Space Communication

Welcome to Issue 9 of the Online Journal of Space Communication as we discuss the Global Navigation Satellite System, its past, present and the direction its taking us.

An Analysis Of Capillary Flow In Finite Length Interior Corners, Samuel Shaw Mohler

Dissertations and Theses

We analyze the mathematical robustness of slow massively parallel interior corner flows in low gravity environments. An interior corner provides a preferential orientation in low gravity environments. This is a luxury usually only found on earth. It also provides a passive pumping mechanism due to geometry of a conduit. The driving force for this flow is a pressure difference due to local surface curvature gradients. An alternative reasoning is that due to the geometrical constraints the interior corner surface energy is unbounded below. This results in the liquid wicking into corners indefinitely. Interior corner flow's main quantity of interest is …

Extracting Microplastic From Anhydrous Beach Sediment Utilizing Relative Terminal Velocities, Grace Robertson, Jackson Schuler

Student Works

The primary intent of this research was to investigate and develop a method to extract microplastics from anhydrous beach sediment. Microplastic is found abundantly in coastal sea environments, including aqueous bottom sediment, and beach sediment (Sagawa, Kawaai, & Hinata, 2018). The scope of the microplastic extraction method in this case is limited to strictly the anhydrous beach sediment. The Venturi Effect and Burnoulli’s Principle have been utilized in the design of a nozzle with airflow that has been injected with a sediment and microplastic heterogenous mixture. A nozzle was designed to operate at the specific terminal velocity of sediment such …

Fixed Bottom Wind Turbine Wave-Wake Interaction, Ondrej Fercak

Dissertations and Theses

The interest and benefits of offshore wind energy has also brought along legitimate design challenges for engineers. Most notably, the complex interaction between wind and turbine is further complicated by the addition of dynamic ocean waves. This dynamic coupling between wind, wave, and turbine is not fully understood. Even small improvements in wind turbine performance are welcome, so characterizing a fundamental dynamic in offshore energy is necessary to optimize design. Experimentation and simulation have been used to characterize inflow and turbine wakes and separately, wind-wave interactions. But only simulations have just begun to look at the wind, wave, and turbine …

Issue 8: Contributors, Sukarno Abdulrachman

Online Journal of Space Communication

List of contributors for Issue 8.

Sudah Waktunya Menggunakan Ku-Band Di Indonesia, Prima Setiyanto Widodo

Online Journal of Space Communication

Sistem Komunikasi Satelit adalah salah satu sarana atau infrastruktur yang dapat digunakan untuk aplikasi broadband multimedia. Dalam dunia sistem komunikasi satelit, frekuensi C-band telah lama digunakan dan saat ini telah penuh. Dan telah lama pula dunia menerapkan frekuensi Ku-band untuk sistem komunikasi satelit karena dengan frekuensi ini aplikasi broadband bisa lebih baik digunakan (bandwidth lebih lebar). Selain keuntungan lainnya, yaitu terhindar dari interferensi dengan sistem microwave terestrial yang banyak memakai frekuensi C-band. Namun bagi Indonesia penggunaan frekuensi Ku-band ini memerlukan pengkajian yang cermat, karena frekuensi di atas 10 GHz. rentan terhadap hujan, terlebih hujan deras yang sering melanda Indonesia. Tulisan …

It Is Time To Use The Ku-Band In Indonesia, Prima Setiyanto Widodo

Online Journal of Space Communication

Satellite Communications Systems are infrastructures that can be used for broadband multimedia applications. In the communication satellite field, the C-band (4-6 GHz) frequencies have been used since the beginning and are now saturated. The Ku-band (11-18 GHz) has been used also for communication satellite systems, because with this frequency a bigger bandwidth can be applied. The Ku-band has other advantages, such as avoidance of interference with terrestrial microwave systems that often use the C-band frequency. However, for Indonesia, the use of the Ku-band needs a thorough examination because frequencies above 10 GHz are vulnerable to rain, especially heavy rain that …

Tulang Punggung Ip Pita Lebar Memakai Satelit Di Indonesia Dengan Beaya Rendah, Onno W. Purbo

Online Journal of Space Communication

Artikel ini menyajikan tentang beberapa tulang punggung berbasis IP yang beroperasi di Indonesia.

Pada dasarnya, jasa IP melalui VSAT yang digunakan bersama, seperti misalnya jasa DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) nampaknya merupakan solusi murah yang menjadi favorit sebagai tulang punggung IP pita lebar melalui satelit, dibandingkan dengan pemecahan SCPC (Single Carrier Per Channel) yang biayanya lebih tinggi.

Pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang sering dikemukakan, seperti konfigurasi tipikal atau perusahaan mana yang memberikan jasa tersebut, juga diulas. Beberapa diantara jasa tersebut, khususnya jasa VSAT IP Satu Arah - Receive Only tidak memerlukan lisensi atau izin Pemerintah Indonesia.

Sebuah jasa VSAT DVB satu arah (receive only) …

Development Of An Indonesian Micro Satellite, Rakhim Yuba

Online Journal of Space Communication

Indonesia's geographical condition is a blessing, at the same time a challenge to the continuity of its national development. Its numerous islands, big and small, stretching from Sabang to Merauke makes it imperative for Indonesia to use satellites for communication and other applications purposes.

Low Cost Broadband Ip Satellite Backbone In Indonesia, Onno W. Purbo

Online Journal of Space Communication

This article will report on several IP-based satellite backbones in operation in Indonesia. Basically, shared VSAT IP service, such as Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) service seems to be the favorite low cost solution for broadband IP satellite backbone compared to the more costly Single Channel Per Carrier (SCPC).

Answers to questions, such as typical configurations providing the service, will be described. Some of these services may be run without any government license. The receive-only IP VSAT service is one of these.

A one-way receive-only IP-based DVB VSAT service may be obtained for US $33-270 per month. Two-way DVB/RCS VSAT service …

Kerjasama Strategis Sistem Vsat Dalam Teknologi Informasi Perusahaan: Kasus Infocom, Rafdian Rasyid

Online Journal of Space Communication

Apakah VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminals) bisa menjadi sistem pendukung bagi teknologi informarsi (TI) perusahaan? Atau, dapatkah VSAT memainkan peran strategis yang penting dalam mendukung bisnis?

Sangat jelas bahwa di Indonesia VSAT merupakan infrastruktur yang mutlak keberadaanya. Tidak dapat disangkal bahwa sampai saat ini Indonesia belum memiliki prasarana terestrial yang dapat mencakup daerah-daerah terpencil, bahkan kadang-kadang juga daerah metropolitan. Hanya VSAT-lah yang dapat menjangkaunya. Namun, hubungan apa yang dapat kita tarik antara eksistensi VSAT-VSAT dan teknologi informasi dalam lingkungan suatu perusahaan? Artikel ini mencoba menjawab hal itu. Kemudian, penulis akan membahas tantangan-tantangan apa yang dihadapi oleh operator-operator VSAT, serta pemecahan …

Strategic Alignment Of Vsat System In Corporate It: Infokom's Case, Rafdian Rasyid

Online Journal of Space Communication

Can VSATs play a significant strategic role in terms of supporting businesses? Can VSATs support corporate IT?

It is obvious that in Indonesia, VSAT is a must have infrastructure for business. Nobody can argue that Indonesia up to now does not have terrestrial infrastructures that can cover remote areas or even metropolitan areas. Only VSATs can reach them. However, what link can we make between the existence of VSATs and IT in the corporate environment? This article attempts to answer that. We will also discuss challenges faced by VSAT operators, and solutions that can be applied.

Indonesia's Vsat Industry And Role Of Csm Today And In The Future, Gregorius Parlindungan Hutahaean

Online Journal of Space Communication

PT Citra Sari Makmur, or "CSM," began its VSAT operations in 1989 and became the first VSAT operator for the public in Indonesia. In the beginning, VSATs were targeted mainly to the corporate market in Indonesia: entities that operated nationwide and needed online data communication for financial transactions, online integrated data bases and report consolidation.

CSM was founded and led by an Indonesian businessman with vision, Mr. Subagio Wirjoatmodjo, who is currently also a member of MASTEL's executive board. MASTEL is the Telecommunications Association of Indonesia.

Today, CSM as market leader is holding 64% market share among VSAT public operators …

Industri Vsat Di Indonesia, Dan Peranan Csm Saat Ini Dan Di Masa Depan, Gregorius Parlindungan Hutahaean

Online Journal of Space Communication

PT Citra Sari Makmur, atau "CSM", memulai pengoperasian VSAT pada tahun 1989, yang kemudian berkembang menjadi operator VSAT pertama di Indonesia.

Pada mulanya VSAT terutama ditujukan kepada pasar perusahaan (korporasi) di Indonesia: yakni badan-badan hukum yang beroperasi secara nasional dan membutuhkan komunikasi data on-line untuk transaksi-transaksi keuangannya, online integrated data base dan juga dalam konsolidasi laporan.

CSM dibangun dan dipimpin oleh seorang pengusaha Indonesia yang memiliki visi ke depan, Bapak Subagio Wirjoatmodjo, yang sekarang ini juga aktif sebagai anggota Dewan Pengurus Harian MASTEL (Masyarakat Telematika Indonesia, the Indonesian Infocom Society).

Saat ini CSM merupakan pelaku pasar yang menguasai 64% pangsa …

Bagaimana Membuat Indonesia Terhubung: Melayani Yang Belum Terlayani, Chrisma Albandjar, Hilman A. Rasyid

Online Journal of Space Communication

Sudah 126 tahun berlalu sejak Alexander Graham Bell untuk pertama kalinya menciptakan telepon, serta sekitar 50 tahun yang lalu Indonesia yang merdeka memiliki perusahaan teleponnya sendiri.

Namun, dewasa ini, di tahun 2004, penetrasi telepon (jumlah telepon setiap 100 penduduk) di Indonesia hanya 10,45 persen, termasuk sambungan telepon tetap maupun sambungan bergerak (seluler). Angka ini adalah angka yang dipublikasikan oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pos dan Telekomunikasi.Tulisan ini hendak menggambarkan masalah-masalah pokok di Indonesia dalam meningkatkan angka penetrasi telepon, serta beberapa solusi untuk mengatasinya.

Connecting Indonesia: Serving The Unserved, Chrisma Albandjar, Hilman A. Rasyid

Online Journal of Space Communication

It has been 126 years since Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone and around 50 years since Indonesia had its own telephone company.

Unfortunately, the penetration of telephones in Indonesia today (2004), counting fixed as well as mobile telephone lines in use, is only 10.45% according to the figures published by the Directorate of Post and Telecommunications.

This paper will point out the inherent problems Indonesia has with regards to telephone penetration and take you through some of the solutions to overcome them.

Distance Education Via Satellite: An Early Case Study Of The Indonesian Distance Education Satellite System, Willard D. Shaw

Online Journal of Space Communication

In 1980, the U.S. Agency for International Development initiated the AID Rural Satellite Program (RSP) to explore the potential of telecommunications as a means of extending scarce expert resources and expanding educational opportunities to remote and rural areas. Building on simple, interactive, and inexpensive telephone-based technologies, the Program developed teleconferencing systems for use as a development tool. Three pilot projects-in Indonesia, the West Indies, and Peru-were implemented to test and demonstrate that audioteleconferencing could reliably and affordably support development activities in education, health and agriculture.

In Indonesia and the West Indies, distance education programs were established with national universities. Linking …