Health and Physical Education Commons^™

Electromyographic Analysis Of The Vastus Lateralis And Vastus Medialis Muscles Among Different Crank Lengths In Cycling, Jackson C. Crovella, Karoline M. Wucherer, Joy He, Christiane R. O'Hara

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Crank length (CL) on a bicycle may influence the total activation and period of activation of the leg muscles. Differences in total muscular activation suggest that CL may alter muscular fatigue. Differences in muscular onset and offset suggest that CL may shift muscle activation periods across a 360 degree crank cycle. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of four different CL (155, 165, 175, and 185 mm) on muscular activation of vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM). METHODS: Nine non-cyclists (6M, 3F, aged 18-55) participated in a single blind randomized cross-over experiment with four CL. Delsys EMG sensors …

Effects Of An Achilles Speedbridge On Ankle Joint Motion: A Case Study, Alfredo Cervantes, Kevin Valenzuela, Justin Demoss, Anaya Blade, Hunter J. Bennett

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Over 80% of Achilles injuries are related to individuals who participate in sports or recreational activities that involve either jumping or running. Current research does not provide insight into the longitudinal recovery effects following an Achilles repair surgery. PURPOSE: To evaluate the longitudinal effects of lower extremity kinematics following an Achilles Speedbridge surgery. METHODS: A 35-year-old male (1.85m, 86.4kg) presented right Achilles insertional tendinitis and a large retrocalcaneal bone spur which had fractured and was partially embedded in the Achilles tendon. One week prior to operation the subject completed over ground walking trials at 1.0 m/s velocity. Following …

Live Long And Prosper: A Systematic Review Of Equipment-Based Training Programs For Older Adults., Charisma Byrd, Patric Lee, Katie Lopez, Sarah Pearce, Landen Wong, Alexandra Auslander, Zakkoyya Lewis, Lara Killick

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Within the US, people are experiencing longer life expectancy, yet these extended lifespans have not necessarily translated into years living in good health. Degenerative diseases such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia are particularly prevalent amongst older adults. Research shows that regular resistance exercise carries distinct preventive health benefits to combat these conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review into the effectiveness of equipment-based resistance training programs for older adults (65+ years) on physical function. METHODS: Five databases were searched (PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Medline, and Sports Medicine & Education Index) …

Validity Of Average Heart Rate And Energy Expenditure In Polar Oh1 And Verity Sense While Self-Paced Walking, Nathaniel Bodell, Bryson Carrier, Damian Gil, Wyatt Fullmer, Kyle Cruz, Charli D. Aguilar, Dustin W. Davis, Elias M. Malek, Jeff Montes, Jacob W. Manning, James W. Navalta, Marcus M. Lawrence, Mark Debeliso Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Walking is the most widely used form of exercise. Advancements in wearable technology allow for the estimation of steps and energy consumption. Polar is a leading brand in wearable technology. The Polar OH1 and Verity Sense are commonly used optical sensors for activity tracking. It is unknown as to whether these devices provide a valid estimate of average heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) while walking. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the validity of the Polar OH1 and Verity Sense during self-paced walking. METHODS: Twenty participants (n=10 female, n=10 male; 23.5 ± 6.48 years) participated …

Time Spent Jogging/Running And Telomere Length In 5805 U.S. Adults, Christina M. Blackmon, Larry A. Tucker

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

A scientifically accepted measure of biological aging is the length of telomeres. Telomeres shorten with each year of life. Although age is the primary driving force, lifestyle can also have a substantial effect on telomere length. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the degree to which minutes spent jogging or running per week accounted for differences in leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in a randomly selected sample of 5805 U.S. adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was employed using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and findings are generalizable to the U.S. adult population. Time …

Effect Of Moderate Intensity Cycle Ergometer Exercise In Normoxia And Hypobaric Hypoxia On Markers Related To Autophagy – A Pilot Study, Quint N. Berkemeier, Zachary Mckenna, Zachary Fennel, Roberto Nava, Christine Mermier, Ann L. Gibson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Autophagy is a process by which damaged and dysfunctional cellular components are transported to and decomposed in the lysosome, which is integral for maintenance of healthy cellular function and homeostasis. Among many health benefits, exercise is shown to catalyze autophagy. However, limited research exists on the effect of high-altitude exercise (>2500m) on autophagy in humans. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of exercise in hypoxia (HYP) on autophagic markers compared to intensity-matched exercise in normoxia (NORM). METHODS: 8 healthy and active males (23.3 ± 2.4 yrs, 75.2 ± 10.7 kg, 49.6 ± 6.5 ml/kg/min) completed 1hr of moderate intensity cycling …

Acute Effects Of Swimming And Running On Serum Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Concentration, Stephanie Bangerter, Martha Gill, Madison J. Rhoades, Alexandra M. Hay, Seth A. Ferguson, Hyunwook Lee, Ronald L. Hager, Gary J. Measom, Matthew K. Seeley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Most older adults are thought to have some level of knee joint articular cartilage degradation or knee osteoarthritis, a debilitating and incurable disease. Physical exercise is known to benefit joint health for older adults, yet it is unclear how different modes of exercise affect knee joint articular cartilage. Serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is a biomarker that is thought to reflect articular cartilage metabolism. PURPOSE: To compare effects of running and swimming on serum COMP concentration in older adults. METHODS: Serum COMP concentration was measured before and after physical exercise for two groups of older adults: runners and …

The Effect Of Heat Therapy On Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cell Content, Boston J. Andersen, Jamie P. Kaluhiokalani, Brandon S. Pfeifer, Jack B. Mehling, Robert D. Hyldahl

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Satellite cells are essential for proper muscle repair and adaptation. Studies have shown that exercise can lead to an increase in satellite cell content within muscle tissue. However, it is unknown whether other environmental stressors, such as heat, are also capable of augmenting the satellite cell pool. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to quantify changes in satellite cell content before and after 6-weeks (3x/wk) of skeletal muscle heat therapy (HT) or single leg knee extension exercise training (EX). Additionally, a sham heat treatment was used as a control. We hypothesized that HT would result in an increase …

Short-Duration Massage Does Not Affect Grip Strength In Rock Climbers, Tayler Ah Nee, Christopher Berger

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Handgrip strength (HGS) is now viewed as an index of overall health and may even be prognostic for conditions that include cancer and cardiovascular disease. Consequently, it is important to understand influences on HGS, one of which may be forearm massage. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a bout of short-duration massage would augment HGS in rock climbers, a population for which massage is commonly employed and HGS is acutely important. METHODS: Subjects included fifteen female (age 28 ± 7 yr; height 165.8 ± 5.5 cm; weight 63.1 ± 11.7 kg) and fifteen …

The Effect Of Percussive Massage On Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Fat Oxidation And Thigh Fat Thickness, Mohadeseh Ahmadi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Nutrition and exercise are well-established modalities for the induction of fat loss. However, it is important that alternative methods of fat reduction be investigated whether as supplementary treatments to traditional methods or stand-alone interventions, as a significant portion of the population is unable to participate in exercise training or undergo effective diet programs. Some studies have shown that daily whole-body massage can limit body fat deposition in infants, as well as young and middle-aged adults. While most studies have investigated the effects of traditional massage modalities in which massage is applied by a massage therapist using touch to manipulate the …

Combine Anthropometric And Physical Performance Predictors Of Professional Basketball Rookie Free Throw Accuracy, Kristine R. Wilson, Anthony B. Ciccone

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It is suggested that stronger basketball players and players with larger hands have poorer free throw percentages. However, research suggests stronger individuals have better force steadiness. PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between free throw percentage and anthropometric and physical performance metrics of National Basketball Association (NBA) players. METHODS: Using nbastatR, NBA draft combine data from 2000 to 2020 and respective NBA rookie season player data was scraped. Players who attempted at least 30 free throws were analyzed. Free throw percentage was predicted by the three performance variables and five anthropometric variables: …

Effect Of 4-Week Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation On Absolute Strength In Trained And Untrained Healthy Adults, Carson C. Vollmer, Brittany K. Sanchez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Creatine monohydrate (CrM) is a synthetic form of creatine which has similar effects on the body as compared to the endogenous form. Creatine is used by the body to supply rapid ATP to muscles for contractile movements and is regularly obtained in the diet, primarily from meat products, or synthesized by the liver at a 24-hour turnover rate of approximately 1-2 g/day. Creatine supplementation is commonly used with the intention of improving muscular strength and hypertrophy for athletic performance along with enhanced recovery time, injury prevention, rehabilitation, and potential neuroprotective benefits. PURPOSE: The specific aim of this study is …

Crossing Over To The Other Side; Studying Effect Of Fatigue When Walking In A Randomized & New Space, Joshua A. Vicente, Alex X. Krause, Yesenia Acosta-Marin, Ephraim Flores, Jaesung Joo, Jacob W. Hinkel-Lipsker

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Slips, trips, and falls (STFs) that lead to a substantial amount of workplace injuries. In any career that requires physical effort, it is crucial to maintain a strong reaction and response time to these unpredictable environments to maintain worker safety. In dynamic, ever-changing workplaces, it is important to know how to best mitigate trip and fall risk. However, there is little literature describing how physical fatigue affects young, healthy individuals’ ability to negotiate obstacles, as well as whether there are worker characteristics that may put them at greater risk of STFs.

PURPOSE: Therefore, our purpose is to identify the …

Biomechanical Changes In Running Post-Transition In A Triathlon, Luke Vankeersbilck, Travis Peterson Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Triathletes often complain about lower limb discomfort when running after cycling (Quigley, 1996). Several studies have found differences in muscle activation (Chapman, 2009), kinematics (Rendos et al., 2013), and kinetic cost (Millet, 2001) during the transition run. These differences were also found to be more severe in less experienced triathletes (Chapman, 2008). PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the kinetic differences between baseline and transition runs of inexperienced triathletes. METHODS: Twelve novice triathletes age: 29.4 ± 12.15 y, mass: 71.2 ± 10.3 kg, weekly running mileage: 24.4 ± 16.7 mi/week volunteered to participate. Athletes completed a 20 min …

Assessing Changes In Exercise, Dietary And Sleeping Habits In Students During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jennifer Tram, Justin Tram, Caitlin Macmillen, Sarah Merrill, Kenneth Vitale Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

This article has been retracted

Validity Of Fitbit Devices While Ascending And Descending Flights Of Stairs, Melissa Strehlow, Alan Garcia, Dustin W. Davis, Javen Miguel, Jeff Montes, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

With wearable technology becoming increasingly popular, devices that provide valid step counts during physical activities are important for people trying to accumulate a certain number of steps, as is a common goal when trying to become more active. One of the most popular manufacturers of wearable devices in the world is Fitbit. It is not clear if wrist-worn Fitbit devices provide valid step counts while ascending and descending flights of stairs at different speeds. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of step counts by the wrist-worn Fitbit Charge and Fitbit Versa 2 while walking …

Comparison Of Plantar Fascia Thickness And Foot Pain In People With Plantar Fasciitis: A Preliminary Analysis, Spencer G. Straddeck, Camille L. Nguyen, Kaleb Barker, Sarah T. Ridge, Aaron W. Johnson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Researchers have found that people with plantar fasciitis have lower stiffness in their plantar fascia than healthy people. However, the relationship between perceived pain and plantar fascia stiffness has not been well documented. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to observe the correlation between plantar fascia stiffness and self-reported foot pain scores. METHODS: Sixteen people with plantar fasciitis (PFis) participated in this study. Screening criteria included a score of > 25 on the Plantar Fasciitis Pain Scale (PFPS) and plantar fascia (PF) thickness > 0.40 cm on a Brightness-Ultrasound image recorded prior to the start of data collection. At …

Effects Of Various Self-Myofascial Release Devices On 60-Meter Sprint Performance, Jared Steele, Nicole D. Bolter Phd, Maria J. Veri Phd, Matt Lee Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Over the past decade, self-myofascial release (SMR) has become a common tool amongst athletes as it is highly regarded in its ability to increase range of motion (ROM), athletic performance, and post-exercise recovery PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare 60-meter sprint performances with and without two technologically advanced SMR devices - the percussive massager and clamp roller. Based on the available literature, it was hypothesized that sprint time metrics and stride biomechanics would be improved after the use of either of these advanced SMR devices compared to not using an SMR device. METHODS: The study …

Single Running Bout Achilles Tendon Stiffness Adaptations In Elite Male Runners With Various Foot Strike Patterns, Joshua Sponbeck, Iain Hunter, Luke Brogan, Zachary Ludwig, Collette Batty, Wayne Johnson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Midfoot strike runners experience greater amounts of force through the Achilles Tendon while running compared with heel strike runners which may increase the risk of Achilles tendinopathy. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of a five-mile running bout, on Achilles tendon stiffness as measured by elastography in elite male runners that exhibit a midfoot or heel strike pattern. METHODS: Ten male runners (age = 21.4 years, height = 179.54 cm, weight = 66.2 kg, average miles run over the last 6 weeks = 6) participated in this study. Runners free from injury and running …

Cannabis And Cannabidiol Use In Active Individuals: A Survey Of Timing And Reasons For Use, Matthew M. Schubert, Jamie E. Hibbert, Richard Armenta, Erik A. Willis, Whitney Ogle

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The use of cannabis for medicinal and recreational purposes is widespread across the globe. However, relatively little is known regarding the use of cannabis and its constituents among athletic populations. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine timing of cannabis use relative to exercise, reasons for use, forms of consumption, and sources of information in active adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was administered electronically beginning in September 2020. Participants were recruited through social media advertisements, email blasts, and word of mouth. Data were collected on health and exercise habits, use of cannabis/cannabidiol (CBD), reasons for use, …