Health and Physical Education Commons^™

Five Week Summer School Program Improved Glucose And Lipoprotein Profiles In Hispanic Female High School Students, Benjamin Son, Anna Bergquist, Rachel Meach, Kyung-Shin Park, Yunsuk Koh

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

There has been a drastic rise in obese children and adolescents in the past few decades. Evidence suggests that adolescents decrease physical activity during the summer months, contributing to this rise. Purpose: To investigate whether a 5-week summer school program involving physical activity has an effect on plasma glucose levels and lipid profiles among Hispanic female high school students. Methods: Thirty-three female high school students (15-17 years) from an underprivileged Hispanic area in southern Texas were randomly assigned to either an experimental group that participated in a summer school program (n=17) or a control group that did not …

Irisin Treatment During Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease In An Rodent Model Improves Bone Formation Rate, Anne M. Anderson, Corinne Metzger, Susan Bloomfield

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Bone is a dynamic tissue that responds to many stressors including physical stress and certain disease states. Chronic systemic inflammatory conditions, like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), result in increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation leading to low bone mass and high fracture incidence. There currently are no effective, safe treatments for IBD. Irisin is a hormone that is released during exercise and has previously been shown to increase bone mass. PURPOSE: Determine if exogenous treatment with irisin can mitigate the inflammatory insult of chronic IBD on bone. We hypothesized that young male rats with induced IBD and treatment …

Effects Of An Acute Strength And Conditioning Bout On Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Results, Jason R. Lytle

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scans to assess body composition have become increasingly popular, especially in athletic populations. Acute factors, such as hydration status and food intake have been shown to alter DXA results (Tinsley, MSSE 2016). It is currently not known if prior strength and conditioning bouts may alter fat mass, lean mass, and bone density results. PURPOSE: To determine if a strength and conditioning (S&C) bout, similar to what athletes regularly engage in, will alter the fat mass, lean mass, and bone content results of a DXA scan. METHODS: Fourteen strength-trained subjects (10 men, 4 women, age 24 …

Assessment Of Total Plasma Macronutrient Contents By Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Following High-Fat Diet And Exercise, Jarrett Walbolt, Arish Bheraiya, Susanna Hamsley, Raegan Chunn, David Gresch, Olademehin Latunde, Sung Kim, Yunsuk Koh

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

High fat-low carbohydrate (HFLC) diets are a common approach to enhancing overall health and performance in endurance runners. Total macronutrient contents in plasma may change in response to diet and exercise. PURPOSE: To examine the responses of total plasma macronutrient contents in trained males following dietary manipulation in combination with aerobic exercise. METHODS: Eight distance runners that typically consumed high-carbohydrate (HC) diets switched to a HFLC diet for 3 weeks. The caloric intake during the HFLC intervention derived from 70% fats with ≤ 50g of carbohydrates. Participants maintained their normal fitness routines. Indoor treadmill exercise for 50 minutes …

Effects Of Twenty Sessions Core Stability Exercise On Functional Movement And Balance, Joungbo Ko, Jongil Lim, Jiyeon Kim, Sukho Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

People often experience lower limb injury due to sport activities or falls in their daily life. Core stability exercise may contribute to prevent or minimize the chronic discomfort in skeletal muscle. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of core stability exercise for subjects who have mild discomfort of the lower limb. METHODS: Participants (N=20, 32.3±8.6 yrs, male and female) were randomly divided in two different groups: 10 in the control group and 10 in the exercise group performing core stability exercise program. The core stability exercise consisted of ten main exercises including modified mat pilates …

Fractional Synthetic Rate And Markers Of Protein Turnover Are Altered In The Diaphragms Of Cachectic Mice, Conner A. Benson, Nicholas P. Greene, Jacob L. Brown, Megan E. Rosa-Caldwell, Tyrone A. Washington, Richard A. Perry, Michael P. Wiggs

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cancer cachexia, a wasting syndrome characterized by rapid skeletal muscle wasting and fat loss, directly accounts for up to 20-40% of cancer-related deaths. All muscles, including respiratory muscles, are susceptible to atrophy because cancer cachexia is a systemic disease. Atrophy of the primary breathing muscle, the diaphragm, can lead to respiratory distress, which is commonly associated with a cachectic phenotype. Indeed, the diaphragm is more susceptible to atrophy in certain conditions, but little is known about the effects of cancer-cachexia on protein turnover in the diaphragm. Therefore, investigations into the alterations in protein turnover could provide insight to the molecular …

Acute Exercise-Induced Response Of Platelet-Monocyte Complexes In Obese, Postmenopausal Women, Michael M. Levitt, Maria A. Cardenas, Bryan Richie, Carmen A. Cook, Shaohan Lu, Kara L. Steck, Jay Haynes, Andreas Kreutzer, Joel B. Mitchell, Melody D. Phillips

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Inactivity-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) are linked to chronic low-grade, systemic inflammation. Platelet-monocyte complexes (PMCs) are markers of in vivo platelet activation and atherosclerosis, and may be early indicators of subclinical inflammation. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of an exercise bout on PMCs in those at risk for CVD. METHODS: Twenty-five overweight-obese (BMI 32.7 ± 5.2 kg×m^-2, 55-75 yr) women were randomly assigned to either the exercise (EX, n=13) or non-exercise control (CON, n=12) group. EX performed 2 sets of 8 resistance exercises and a 25-min treadmill walk at 70-80% HRR. Blood was obtained pre-exercise (PR), …

Exercise Training Improved Plasma Glucose And Lipid Profiles In Obese Hispanic Women, Yonghyeon Jo, Katie Martin, Kaylee Clyma, Kyung-Shin Park, Yunsuk Koh

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Obesity is strongly associated with increased morbidity and mortality, notably among Hispanic women. Exercise may improve cardiovascular health by positively altering plasma lipids and lipoproteins; however, the effects of different intensities of exercise on plasma glucose and lipid profiles have not been extensively studied within Hispanic women. PURPOSE: The current study examined the effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise training at either high or low intensity on plasma glucose and lipid profiles in obese Hispanic females. METHODS: Thirty physically inactive, obese females (age= 26.07±4.4 years, height= 161.4±4.1 cm, weight= 89.8±8.1 kg and %body fat= 40.9 ±4.9%) were randomly …

Cardiac Vagal Tone Impairment Is Associated With Reduced Cerebral Blood Flow In Collegiate Athletes Following Concussion, Madeline N. Wainman, Justin Frantz, Benjamin Williams, Sydney H. Lyng, Tonia Sabo, Kathleen R. Bell Md, Sushmita Purkayastha

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) is linked to functional disturbances following concussion. Since cardiac vagal tone (an index of cardiac health) is associated with disturbances in the autonomic nervous system, deficits in CBF are likely associated with cardiac vagal tone impairment post-concussion. PURPOSE: The current study examined cardiac vagal tone and CBF on days 3, 21 and 90 following concussion in comparison to non-injured control athletes. The association between these two variables was also evaluated. METHODS: Concussed male and female collegiate athletes were evaluated day-3 (N=29), day-21 (N=25) and day-90 (N=17) post concussion and matched controls were enrolled (N=29). A …

Augmented Mechanoreflex In Type 2 Diabetic Rats: Piezo Channels, An Important Part Of The Puzzle?, Ann-Katrin Grotle, Yu Huo, Audrey J. Stone

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Type 2 diabetics (T2DM) have an abnormal cardiovascular response to exercise. The exercise pressor reflex, which is evoked by metabolic and mechanical stimuli arising from the contracting muscle, is a critical cardiovascular regulatory mechanism during exercise and is exaggerated in hypertension, heart failure, and peripheral artery disease. A recent study found that T2DM patients have an augmented metaboreflex. However, whether the mechanoreflex is also augmented in T2DM is not known. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to test whether the mechanoreflex is exaggerated in T2DM. Furthermore, we tested the contribution of mechano-gated Piezo 1 and 2 channels to …

Kinematic Comparison Of Underwater Dolphin And Flutter Kicking Performed In A Prone And Supine Body Position, Peter Robinson, Taylor L. Adams, Kali Rose, Mickey B. Scharbrough, Scott P. Mclean

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Despite an increasing emphasis on underwater dolphin kicking in competitive swimming, little objective research exists to explain its preference over flutter kicking. PURPOSE: To examine kinematic characteristics of flutter and dolphin kicking performed in prone and supine body positions. METHODS: Ten collegiate swimmers (1.77±0.07 m, 72.4±7.6 kg, 19.8±1.0 yrs) experienced with dolphin and flutter kicking completed eight 10 m maximal effort underwater kicking trials. Body position and kicking style were randomly varied between trials such that half of all trials were performed using each kicking style and each body position. A calibrated underwater camera was used to record …

Metabolic And Ventilatory Responses To Interval-Based Active And Passive Treadmill Sprinting, Robert Brown, Nichole Gadd, Jared Dalpe, Timothy Carter, Caylon Rogers, Terry L. Dupler, William E. Amonette

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Historically, exercise scientists and practitioners believed that continuous, steady exercise at a single moderate intensity was most beneficial for health, but recent findings suggests that higher intensity interval training may be more beneficial for many health and performance-based outcomes. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the metabolic and ventilatory responses to a brief, intense interval protocol using a treadmill in the active and passive mode. Methods: Twelve physically fit participants (30.5±6.2y; 175.9±9.9 cm; 79.1±18.2 Kg) completed three exercise sessions. In the first session, biometric and demographic data were obtained prior to the performance of a peak VO …

Effect Of Dolphin Kick Timing On Breaststroke Pullout Performance, Taylor L. Adams, Mickey B. Scharbrough, Scott P. Mclean

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Breaststroke pullouts are now permitted to include a dolphin kick. Two variations of the pullout are distinguished by the timing of the dolphin kick within the movement. One variation uses an early-initiation of the dolphin kick (performed before the initiation of the arm pull) while a second variation uses a late-initiation of the dolphin kick (performed at the completion of the arm pull). PURPOSE: To compare the performance of two variations of breaststroke pullouts that incorporate a dolphin kick. METHODS: Fourteen collegiate swimmers (18.9 ± 1.17 years, 73.7 ± 8.54 kg, 174.5 ± 9.88 cm) who compete in breaststroke or …

Actual Versus Predicted Vo2max: A Comparison Of 4 Different Methods, David J. Buckley, James R. Rowe Jr

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT

Measuring expired gases (EGs) while performing a maximal (max) effort exercise test is considered the most accurate evaluation of VO₂ max. This methodology is not applicable for all populations. Submaximal (sub-max) protocols not measuring expired gases are more applicable, however their ability to accurately predict VO₂max is not clear. PURPOSE: To compare VO₂max results from 1) University of Houston Non-Exercise Test (UHNET), 2) McArdle Step Test (MST), 3) Bruce Protocol measuring EGs to max (Bruce-EGs), and 4) Bruce Protocol using time to max (Bruce-TM). METHODS: Recreationally active men and women {n= 24 (16M/8W); age …

A Family History Of Type 2 Diabetes Does Not Impact Maximal Aerobic Capacity In Normoglycemic, Hispanic Males, Mario Garcia, Manuel Amador, Cesar Meza, Christopher Figueroa, Andrew Mcainch, Sudip Bajpeyi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

A family history of type 2 diabetes (FH+) is considered a risk factor for insulin resistance and poor cardiorespiratory fitness. However, it is not known if a FH+ impedes exercise-induced improvements in maximal aerobic capacity (VO₂max). Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if normoglycemic, sedentary, Hispanic men with FH+ have a lower VO₂max compared to those without a family history of type 2 diabetes (FH-) and if the improvement in VO₂max after 8-weeks of combined exercise training is comparable between FH- and FH+. Methods: 20 participants underwent 8 weeks of combined …

The Dose Effect Of Whey Protein On Insulin Responses In Pre-Diabetics And Type 2 Diabetics, Todd Castleberry Mr., Christopher Irvine 5098522, Michael Oldham, Matthew F. Brisebois, Sarah E. Deemer, Ryan Gordon, Aubrien Henderson, Vic Ben-Ezra

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

People with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes have shown an increase in insulin secretion after ingesting 55 g of whey protein coupled with a glycemic challenge. However, the effect of lower amounts of whey protein on insulin responses remains unclear. Our hypothesis was that both 20 g and 30 g of whey consumption prior to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) would produce an increase in insulin secretion, with 30 g producing the greatest increase compared to a control. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of two different doses of whey protein ingested 30 min …

Dose Effect Of Whey Protein On Gut Hormone Responses In Pre-Diabetics And Type 2 Diabetics, Christopher Irvine, Todd Castleberry, Michael Oldham, Matthew Brisebois, Sarah E. Deemer, Ryan Gordon, Aubrien Henderson, Vic Ben-Ezra

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

GLP-1 and GIP have been shown to increase following a 50 g dose of whey protein prior to a high glycemic load in type 2 diabetics. However, this increase is reduced in diabetics compared to healthy individuals. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) also increase, while ghrelin decreases after the consumption of whey protein; however, it is not known if a similar hormone response occurs with a lower dose of whey protein prior to a glycemic load or if there is a dose effect. Our hypothesis was that 20 g and 30 g of whey protein would increase …

Validity Of Four-Compartment Models When Estimating Bone Mineral Content And Total Body Water With Single-Frequency Bioimpedance, Kassandra A. Jaramillo, Alexandra Loredo, Grant M. Tinsley, Brett S. Nickerson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Bone mineral content (BMC) and total body water (TBW) are commonly assessed via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), respectively, for a criterion 4-compartment body composition model (4C_CRITERION). However, single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (SF-BIA) has been proposed as an alternative for calculating BMC and TBW. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare 4C models for body fat percent (BF%), fat-free mass (FFM), and fat mass (FM) when using SF-BIA individually for the estimation of BMC (4C_BMC) and TBW (4C_TBW) or in combination (4C_BMC+TBW). METHODS: Seventy-one men and …

3-Dimensional Biomechanical Comparison Of Spinal Posture In Yoga Practitioners And Non-Practitioners During A Seated And Standing Position, Savannah V. Wooten

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Yoga has been claimed to be beneficial for helping a series of clinical populations and improving ailments such as, but not limited to, stress, chronic back pain, muscle endurance, flexibility, balance, and posture. Whereas many of the above listed assertions have been scientifically investigated, there is a lack of objective evidence that supports the claim that yoga improves posture. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare a 3-D biomechanical analysis of spinal posture among yoga practitioners (YP) and Non yoga practitioners (NP) during seated and standing positions. METHODS: 10 yoga practitioners (M= 3, F=7) and 10 …

A Family History Of Type 2 Diabetes May Impair Glucose Area Under The Curve In Young, Healthy Hispanics, Cesar Meza, Manuel Amador, Mario Garcia, Christopher Figueroa, Andrew Mcainch, Sudip Bajpeyi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with impaired glucose homeostasis and blood lipid profiles. Further, a family history of diabetes (FH) increases the risk for development of insulin resistance. However, it is unclear whether a FH impairs glucose tolerance, blood glucose and lipid profiles in young, healthy, normoglycemic adults. PURPOSE: To investigate whether a FH impairs glucose tolerance and blood lipid profile in healthy, sedentary Hispanic males. METHODS: 22 sedentary, normoglycemic, Mexican American males (mean±SEM: age:23±0.56 yrs; BMI: 26.9±0.98 kg/m²) with/without FH participated in the study. Glucose tolerance was assessed by calculating glucose area under …