The Effect Of Mental Imagery On Free Throw Shooting Percentage,
2026
Texas Lutheran University
The Effect Of Mental Imagery On Free Throw Shooting Percentage, Kaydon Jackson, Kadyn Hall, Casi Helbig
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Mental imagery is a cognitive process involving the internal simulation of sensory experiences without external stimuli and is commonly used in sport performance preparation. When structured and deliberately practiced, mental imagery can enhance skill acquisition and performance outcomes PURPOSE: This study investigated whether PETTLEP-guided mental imagery (Physical, Environment, Task, Timing, Learning, Emotion, Perspective), performed without any physical practice, could enhance free-throw accuracy. METHODS: Twenty collegiate baseball players were randomly assigned to a PETTLEP imagery group (n=10) or a control group (n=10). Over two weeks, the experimental group participated in five guided mental imagery sessions, each lasting five minutes, while the …
What The Dose?: Assessing The Effect Of Different Doses Of Arugula Extract Capsules On Blood Pressure And Endothelial Function,
2026
Baylor University
What The Dose?: Assessing The Effect Of Different Doses Of Arugula Extract Capsules On Blood Pressure And Endothelial Function, Autumn E. Andrews, Leroy K. Bolden, Andrew R. Gallucci, Tomas J. Chapman-Lopez, Mary C. Pickler, Olivia C. Russell, Katherine M. Lee, Savannah V. Rauschendorfer
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
The effects of consuming nitrate-rich crops and supplements such as beetroot juice and spinach on endothelial function and blood pressure (BP) via nitric oxide (NO) production have been well established in previous literature. However, limited literature exists on arugula supplementation (e.g., arugula extract) as a source of NO and its effect on vascular function. PURPOSE: The present study assessed the effect of high and low doses of arugula extract (AE) on blood pressure, vascular measures, and nitrate/nitrite concentrations. METHODS: Eight apparently healthy participants completed a single-blind crossover design study. All participants were randomized for three conditions (3000mg, 6000mg, …
Under Pressure: Arugula Extract’S Effect On Cardiovascular Measures In Hypertensive Individuals,
2026
Baylor University
Under Pressure: Arugula Extract’S Effect On Cardiovascular Measures In Hypertensive Individuals, Leroy K. Bolden, Andrew R. Gallucci, Autumn E. Andrews, Mary C. Pickler, Blake E. Wright, Tomas J. Chapman-Lopez, Savannah V. Rauschendorfer
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Hypertension (HTN) is one of the major contributing factors associated with the progression and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, HTN is expected to significantly increase by the year 2050. Nitrate supplements such as beetroot juice (BRJ) have been utilized as a dietary therapeutic to mitigate the progression of HTN and CVD; however, arugula extract, which has a higher nitrate content, has yet to be assessed. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of arugula extract on cardiovascular health measures in hypertensive individuals. METHODS: 12 participants (M = 11; F = 1) with stage …
Mental Effort Responses To Low Cognitive Load Stimuli During Euhydrated Versus Hypohydrated Fatigue State,
2026
Stephen F. Austin State University
Mental Effort Responses To Low Cognitive Load Stimuli During Euhydrated Versus Hypohydrated Fatigue State, Austin Dunn, Lily Hargrove, James Rowe, Luis Aguerrevere, Eric Jones
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Improper body water regulation contributes to physiological changes, affects mood states, and impacts regulation of behavioral responses. With improvements in eye tracking technology (fixation duration and pupil diameter), the ability to quantify focal points and mental effort has expanded greatly. PURPOSE: To examine the effects that fatigue states and hydration, (euhydrated (Eu) vs. hypohydrated (Hypo)), has on average fixation duration and pupil diameter using five separate low cognitive load hydration stimuli. METHODS: Six college aged males underwent two trials of active fatigue/dehydration in an environmental chamber at 35℃ until 2% body water loss was achieved. Fluid restriction and ad-libitum consumption …
Do Different Practice Approaches Affect Intrinsic Motivation Based On A Goal-Directed Behavior?,
2026
Our Lady Of The Lake University
Do Different Practice Approaches Affect Intrinsic Motivation Based On A Goal-Directed Behavior?, Elissa D. Torres-Colon, Anthony W. Fava, Emily J. Sauers
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Optimizing motivation leads to enhanced motor performance and improved psychological health in human performers. However, the influence of the type of practice approach on intrinsic motivation among softball pitchers when they learn new pitches is less clear. PURPOSE: To compare intrinsic motivation in adolescent softball pitchers following a practice session using two different practice approaches. METHODS: Fifty adolescent-aged softball pitchers seeking to obtain a breaking pitch (drop ball) were randomly assigned into two practice designs, each with the same goal-directed behavior of “creating as much downward vertical break on the ball as possible.” One group practiced using a …
Sex Differences In Pre-Cooling Effect On Cognitive Processing Changes During Exercise In The Heat,
2026
Texas A&M University - Kingsville
Sex Differences In Pre-Cooling Effect On Cognitive Processing Changes During Exercise In The Heat, Kristin N. Grabow, Amber M. Shipherd, Meral N. Culver, Christopher M. Hearon
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Cognitive processing (CP) declines during exercise are greater in the heat, but precooling (PC) prior to exercise in the heat can attenuate this decline. While males (M) and females (F) do not differ with regard to the impact of PC on thermoregulatory variables during exercise in the heat, F do demonstrate better perceptional values than M when using PC prior to exercise in the heat. Thus, if perceptional values potentially impact CP during exercise in the heat, then the PC impact on that response could differ between M and F. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare sex …
The Effects Of Multiple Circuit Training Sessions In Hot Compared To Thermoneutral Environmental Conditions On Environmental Symptomology,
2026
Texas Tech University
The Effects Of Multiple Circuit Training Sessions In Hot Compared To Thermoneutral Environmental Conditions On Environmental Symptomology, Jenna King, Ryan Dunn, Alexandra Brojanac, Mario Hernandez, Yasuki Sekiguchi
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Heat acclimation (HA) protocols have been under constant development since the 20th century, with the optimal HA approach yet to be determined. Adaptations from traditional approaches likely favor aerobic performance due to the nature of low- to moderate-intensity, endurance-based exercise in the heat. However, individuals involved in team sports, military personnel, and occupational workers may benefit from adaptations induced by a HA protocol that is more sport-/activity-specific. PURPOSE: To investigate differences in environmental symptomatology during a circuit training session in the heat (35°C; 40% relative humidity [RH]) following short-term (5 day) circuit training in hot and thermoneutral environmental conditions. METHODS: …
Effects Of Age And Sex On Reaction Time In Masters Track And Field Athletes,
2026
University of Texas at Austin
Effects Of Age And Sex On Reaction Time In Masters Track And Field Athletes, Yanbing Zhou, Natalie Mclaurin, Jonas Boecker, Phil Chilibeck, Tanja Taivassalo, Sean Forbes, Dominik Pesta, Jörn Rittweger, Hirofumi Tanaka
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Reaction time (RT) is a key indicator of cognitive processing speed and plays a critical role in athletic performance. Investigating RT in masters athletes can provide valuable insight as it may help disentangle age-related cognitive processing from physical decline. However, it is unknown whether masters athletes exhibit age-related declines in RT and whether sex and task complexity modulate these changes. PURPOSE: To evaluate RT in male and female masters track-and-field athletes varying in age. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-two masters athletes were recruited from the 2025 World Masters Athletics Indoor Track and Field Championships in Florida. Four RT …
Do Body Composition And Cardiovascular Fitness Differ By Gender In Firefighters?,
2026
Texas A&M University
Do Body Composition And Cardiovascular Fitness Differ By Gender In Firefighters?, Giuliet L. Kibler, Kelly Hines, Michael J. Conner, Lisa C. Colvin, Steven E. Martin, Drew E. Gonzalez
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Firefighters (FF) endure substantial cardiovascular stress during their occupational tasks; yet, males and females differ in cardiovascular fitness (CRF) due to biological factors. The differences in body composition (BC) and CRF among FFs remain unclear. PURPOSE: To compare gender-specific outcomes in body BC and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) of FF. METHODS: BC assessments via BIA and CPET on a cycle ergometer for 509 FF were analyzed from annual clinical testing. Gender was self-reported as follows: female (n = 29), male (n = 476), or other (n = 4). BC metrics, including body fat, lean body mass, skeletal muscle …
How Do Firefighters Differ Between Years Of Fire Service Experience: Part 1 - Physical Fitness Profiles,
2026
Texas A&M University
How Do Firefighters Differ Between Years Of Fire Service Experience: Part 1 - Physical Fitness Profiles, Ian Bivins, Michael J. Conner, Jacob A. Mota, Payton Miller, Steven E. Martin, Lisa C. Colvin, Drew Gonzalez
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Firefighters (FF) face a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to aging, job-related stress, and irregular physical activity. Years of experience (YXP) in the fire service have been shown to have a unique impact on FF health and performance; however, profiling the differences between those with less or more YXP has not yet been assessed. PURPOSE: To examine years of experience-related differences in conventional physical fitness parameters among FFs. METHODS: Archival data from annual clinical testing of 142 FFs were analyzed. Groups were defined as those with 5 YXP. General linear models (GLM) were used for multivariate …
Evaluating Self-Reported Dietary Habits And Barriers Among Rotc Cadets Across Body Mass Index Classifications,
2026
Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
Evaluating Self-Reported Dietary Habits And Barriers Among Rotc Cadets Across Body Mass Index Classifications, Sarah E. Johnson, Sheyla Leon, Michael Conner, Lisa Colvin, Steven Martin, Stella Volpe, Drew Gonzalez
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Limited data exist on the overall and sports nutrition knowledge among Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadets across different body mass index (BMI) categories. PURPOSE: We aimed to study ROTC cadets' dietary habits and barriers across BMI groups. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from 184 ROTC cadets regarding validated questionnaires, such as the Perceived Barriers to Healthy Eating (PBHE), Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ), and Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants-Short Version (REAPS). The cadets were stratified into body mass index (BMI) groups: underweight (RESULTS: Chi-square analyses showed BMI-related differences in responses to REAPS' breakfast skipping question (χ²=14.289, p=0.027, V=0.199), …
Social Support And Mental Toughness As Predictors Of Perceived Stress Among College Kinesiology Students,
2026
University of Texas at San Antonio
Social Support And Mental Toughness As Predictors Of Perceived Stress Among College Kinesiology Students, Jianmin Guan, Wan Xiang Yao, Xiaofen D. Hamilton, Gaofeng Lu
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Drawing on Lazarus and Folkman’s transactional theory of stress and coping, this study examined the associations of age, gender, three types of social support (family, friends, and significant others), and mental toughness with two dimensions of perceived stress (helplessness and coping inefficacy) among 666 college students majoring in Kinesiology. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that male college students, as well as those with higher levels of mental toughness and family support, reported significantly lower levels of helplessness and coping inefficacy in managing stress. Additionally, greater support from friends was significantly associated with lower levels of coping inefficacy, while younger students …
Gender Differences In College Students’ Physical Activity Self-Efficacy, Social Comparison Beliefs, And External Frames Of Reference,
2026
University of Kansas
Gender Differences In College Students’ Physical Activity Self-Efficacy, Social Comparison Beliefs, And External Frames Of Reference, Ken Murfay, Sarah Pyszczynski, Sarah Collins
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
This study examined whom college-aged individuals believe observing would more likely increase their physical activity self-efficacy (PASE) for a physical skill, whom they are more likely to compare their abilities to within a physical education (PE) class, how often they compare themselves to others in PE, and what students’ PASE scores were. Based on the mean scores for each question, students were more likely to compare themselves to a student than a teacher, friend than a non-friend, and similar or higher skilled peer than a lower skilled peer. To increase students’ confidence for a physical skill, students had higher levels …
Development Of Pedagogical Content For Physical Education Tgfu Through The Mooc Platform For Improving Professionalism Of Pjok Teachers,
2026
Universitas Negeri Malang
Development Of Pedagogical Content For Physical Education Tgfu Through The Mooc Platform For Improving Professionalism Of Pjok Teachers, Febrita Paulina, Abi Fajar Fathoni, Rama Kurniawan, Fajar Raya Ferdinal Kusuma Bakti, Noorlena Salamuddin, Khasanatul Barikah
Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan
based on the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGFU) approach through a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) platform as a means to enhance the professional competencies of Physical Education (PJOK) teachers in Malang City. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) design using the ADDIE model, which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects consisted of 30 PJOK teachers who participated in the online training through four core TGFU modules, supported by instructional videos, formative quizzes, and a post-test. Data collection instruments included expert validation sheets, observations, and pre-test and post-test assessments. The results …
Effects Of Bungee-Based Training On Physical Performance And Arch Jump Kinematics In Female College Rhythmic Gymnasts,
2026
Department of Physical Education, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
Effects Of Bungee-Based Training On Physical Performance And Arch Jump Kinematics In Female College Rhythmic Gymnasts, Nasser Abouzeid, Mariola Gepfert, Abdulrahman I. Alaqil, Abdulmalek K. Bursais, Hussein Hashoos, Mohammed S. Alibrahim, Labeeb Z. Moseekh, Amr S. Hamza
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an eight-week bungee-based training program on selected physical performance variables and arch jump kinematics in female college rhythmic gymnasts. Material and methods: Eighteen female college students (age: 18.1 ± 0.9 years) were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG; n = 9) or a control group (CG; n = 9). The EG completed a bungee workout training program three times per week for eight weeks, while the CG followed a traditional rhythmic gymnastics training program. Physical performance variables included vertical jump, leg strength, back strength, standing long jump, …
Discussing The Student Athlete Experience At Catawba College,
2026
Catawba College
Discussing The Student Athlete Experience At Catawba College, Troy Carlton
Colloquiums
Dr. Carlton invites the faculty to engage in a discussion centered around the student-athlete experience at Catawba College in his role as FAR, Faculty Athletic Representative.
Diet: Another Piece Of The Crime Puzzle?,
2026
Concordia University, St. Paul
Diet: Another Piece Of The Crime Puzzle?, Jerrod Brown, Jeremiah Schimp, Leanne Skehan, Amanda Fenrich, Janina Cich
Nutritional Neurocriminology Today
An expanding body of research suggests that diet and nutrition may play an influential yet underrecognized role in problematic and criminal behaviors. This article synthesizes research linking excessive consumption of sugar and ultra-processed foods to adverse neurobehavioral outcomes, impaired impulse control, aggression, mood dysregulation, and sleep problems. Integrating research suggests that metabolic disruption, neuroinflammation, and gut–brain axis dysfunction may influence cognitive and emotional regulation. While criminal behavior is complex and multifactorial, this article emphasizes nutrition as a modifiable factor to inform forensic mental health practice, correctional policy, and rehabilitative strategies.
Understanding Technology Integration Through Hermeneutic Interpretation: A Study Of Faculty Experiences At An Hbcu,
2026
Norfolk State University
Understanding Technology Integration Through Hermeneutic Interpretation: A Study Of Faculty Experiences At An Hbcu, Jill Ardley, Tamara Smith-Moyler, Keesha M. Kerns, Beatrice Darden-Woody, Priscilla Spencer, Ronald White
International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education
This study explores how six education faculty members in the School of Education at a Historically Black College and University (HBCU) in the southeastern United States interpret and implement instructional technology instruction through a hermeneutic theoretical lens. Grounded in the HBCU’s School of Education vision statement, the research investigates how faculty members’ understanding of human learning behaviors shapes their pedagogical choices within School of Education courses. The qualitative analysis revealed three key themes: (1) Technology as a Tool for Equity and Inclusion, (2) Alignment with the School of Education Vision, and (3) Student-Centered, Practice-Oriented Use of Technology. Rather than employing …
Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Worsens Resistance Exercise Performance In Resistance-Trained Females,
2026
Pepperdine University
Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Worsens Resistance Exercise Performance In Resistance-Trained Females, Sydney N. Brennan, Raymond T. Gerardo, Trevor J. Molnar, Justin M. Foster, Ryan Tran, Kyle S. Geppert, Christopher B. Sottile, Michael Egiazarian, Abigail F. Ballhagen, Stewart D. Gonzalez, Adam Pennell, Rachel Tan
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Dietary nitrate supplementation appears to preferentially target type II muscle fibers for beneficial effects; however, research examining the efficacy of nitrate in females and resistance exercise is scarce. PURPOSE: To investigate if dietary nitrate, provided as concentrated nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BR), improved resistance exercise performance in back squat and bench press compared to nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (PL) in resistance-trained females. METHODS: Eighteen resistance-trained females aged reported to the lab for a total of four visits over a 2-week period. Participants performed a one repetition maximum protocol (1RM) and familiarization to the experimental protocol, and were assigned in a randomized, double-blind …
Glycemic Control After Meals On People With Type 2 Diabetes And Prediabetes Following Resistance Exercise,
2026
University of New Mexico
Glycemic Control After Meals On People With Type 2 Diabetes And Prediabetes Following Resistance Exercise, Isaac Chapman, Kosar Valaei, Oscar Chavez, Marissa Ramirez, Jacob Dawes, Maja Gebauer, Christine M. Mermier, Jonathan Little, Luotao Lin, Gretchen M. Ray, Roberto Mota Alvidrez, Zachary A. Mang, Fabiano Amorim, Valmor Tricoli, Flavio De Castro Magalhaes
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Resistance exercise (RE) has been shown to improve glycemic control after a meal in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes under controlled laboratory settings. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of RE on glycemic control in a free-living environment. METHODS: This was a 4-arm randomized crossover study involving 22 participants with T2D (n=12) or prediabetes (n=10). Glucose was monitored using a continuous glucose monitoring device through the experimental situations that involved three separate exercise sessions: a high-intensity RE session (3 sets x 8 reps, 75%-1RM, 120 sec interval), a rest-redistribution RE session (6 sets x 4 reps, 75%-1RM, 60 sec interval), …
