Stratigraphy Commons^™

Hydrothermally Emplaced, Lower Mississippian, Tripolitic Chert And Its Possible Relationship To The Tri-State Lead-Zinc Mining District, J. Chick, J. Cains, F. Mcfarlin, S. Mckim, A. Potra

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Across the southern Ozark Region, northern Arkansas, southwestern Missouri, and northeastern Oklahoma, exposures of the Lower Mississippian Boone Formation and its equivalents exhibit well-developed tripolitic chert that has been mined, more or less continuously, for at least 80 years. The tripolitic chert is a replacement of an interval within the basal portion of the upper Boone Formation in Arkansas and Oklahoma, and equivalent to the Elsey Formation in Missouri. The movement of silica-rich, hydrothermal fluids appears to have been much like that of a confined aquifer. It followed the basal upper Boone Formation (Arkansas) = Elsey Formation (Missouri) and was …

Lithologic Stratigraphic Position, Sequence And Diagenetic History, Lower Mississippian Tripolitic Chert, Northern Arkansas And Southern Missouri, S. Mckim, J. Cains, J. Chick, F. Mcfarlin, A. Potra

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Tripolitic chert development in the southern Ozark region is associated with a third-order, transgressive-regressive cycle comprising St. Joe transgressive packstones, succeeded by lower Boone calcisiltites, with black, penecontemporaneous, nodular chert deposited during maximum flooding, overlain by basal upper Boone calcisiltites deposited during highstand. The onset of regression produced upper Boone packstones and grainstones with white-gray, later diagenetic chert reflecting groundwater replacement along bedding planes. Tripolitic chert is a product of the highstand calcisiltites at the base of the upper Boone Formation of Arkansas, and its equivalent, the Elsey Formation of southern Missouri. This tripolitic chert appears to reflect a hydrothermal …

Sequence Stratigraphic And Tectono-Stratigraphic Successions, Ozark Shelf, Tri-State Region, Southern Midcontinent, E. C. Bello

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The southern Ozark region, Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma occupies the southern border of the North American craton. Its sedimentary succession preserves a complete Wilson Cycle reflecting the Late Precambrian-Cambrian rifting of Rodinia into the Laurussian and Gondwanan landmasses that opened the Iapetus Ocean Basin during the Late Cambrian-Middle Mississippian. The basin was closed during the Late Mississippian-Middle Pennsylvanian by the collision of Laurussia with Gondwana. During the Late Cambrian through the Middle Pennsylvanian, the Ozark Shelf, including its gently sloping, Northern Arkansas Structural Platform (NASP) and adjacent ramp, records both transgression and regression by epeiric seas as well as regional …

Nebraska, Usa: Wonderful Fossils, Natural History Museums And Public Art Depicting Fossils, Robert F. Diffendal Jr.

Robert F. Diffendal, Jr., Publications

Nebraska is known by vertebrate palaeontologists as the place in North America where there is a very complete Cenozoic geologic record of mammalian evolution over the last thirty-five million years or so. All you have to do is visit any of the many major natural history museums in the USA and in many countries around the world, including the UK, to see fossil skulls, articulated skeletons and large slabs of rock containing bones of fossil mammals from Nebraska to verify this assertion. Nebraska is also the site of Cretaceous rocks containing the oldest known Cretaceous fossil flower and many other …

Preservation Of Sea Anemone Burrows In Silurian (~432 Million Years Old) Carbonate Rocks Of Southeastern Indiana, Usa, Marissa Tomin

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Preservation of trace fossils (ichnofossils) in siliciclastic environments is often quite different from preservation in carbonate environments, representing an important source of variation that must be well understood in order to enhance interpretations of paleoenvironments and paleoecology. This study focuses on Conostichus, a relatively common burrow constructed by solitary sea anemones. These trace fossils are generally well-preserved (i.e., they display detailed external features) in siliciclastic rocks but are typically little more than conical masses in carbonate rocks. However, certain specimens recovered from the middle Silurian Massie Formation at the Napoleon quarry of southeastern Indiana are composed entirely out of …

Lateral Heterogeneity And Architectural Analysis Of The Wall Creek Member Of The Upper Cretaceous (Turonian) Frontier Formation, John Zupanic

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The Upper Turonian Wall Creek Member (WCM) of the Frontier Formation is part of a series of marine sandstones that were deposited on the western flank of the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway (KWIS). The KWIS was a low accommodation shallow-marine foreland basin system that included many large deltaic complexes on its western margin. Deposition of WCM deltaic deposits was strongly influenced by fourthorder glacioeustatic cycles, oceanographic circulation patterns, and tectonics related to the active Sevier fold and thrust belt to the west. An in-depth field study of the WCM was performed on the western flank of the Powder River Basin …

2016 Nebraska Water Leaders Academy - Final Report, Mark E. Burbach, Connie Reimers-Hild

Conservation and Survey Division

The effective management of Nebraska’s water resources is evermore challenged by variations in weather, climate, technology, socioeconomic policies, and regulation. Anthropogenic climate change, declining water tables and stream flows, increasing demands on freshwater, aging water infrastructure, fiscal constraints, and impacts on aquatic organisms are particularly imminent challenges in Nebraska and around the world (Pahl-Wostl et al., 2013; Pittock et al., 2008; USACE, 2010). Sustaining freshwater ecosystem services in the face of emerging environmental threats presents an immense societal dilemma worldwide (Pittock et al., 2013; Rockström et al., 2009, Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005). The rapidly changing conditions of water resources in …

Stratigraphy And Depositional Environment Of The Middle Atoka Formation, Central Arkoma Basin, Western Arkansas, Yueyang Wang

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Wire line logs are widely used in analysis of the subsurface stratigraphy of the middle Atoka Formation, Central Arkoma Basin, Western Arkansas. SP log, Gamma ray log, resistivity log and conductivity log provide valuable information to construct cross sections.

The middle Atoka formation is composed of a succession of shale and sandstone alternations with thickness reaching approximately 3000 feet in the study area. It contains several sandstone units which include Morris, Tackett, Areci, Bynum, Casey and Dunn”A” separated by shale intervals. The purpose of this study is to identify these units and predict sequence stratigraphy and depositional environment by constructing …

Modern Fair-Weather And Storm Sediment Transport Around Ship Island, Mississippi: Implications For Coastal Habitats And Restoration Efforts, Eve Rettew Eisemann

Master's Theses

The Mississippi – Alabama barrier island chain is experiencing accelerated sea level rise, decreased sediment supply, and frequent hurricane impacts. These three factors drive unprecedented rates of morphology change and ecosystem reduction. All islands in the chain have experienced land loss on the order of hectares per year since records began in the 1840s. In 1969, Hurricane Camille impacted as a Category 5, breaching Ship Island, and significantly reduced viable seagrass habitat. Hurricane Katrina impacted as a Category 3 in 2005, further widening Camille Cut. To better understand the sustainability of these important islands and the ecosystems they support, sediment …

Channel Form And Processes In A Formerly Glaciated Terrain, Nathaniel Bergman

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Despite that many places around the world in general, and North America in particular, were glaciated during the last ice age, relatively little is known about rivers that evolved over these landscapes once they deglaciated. These rivers are commonly categorized as alluvial with a glacial legacy, and often described as plain gravel-bed or sand-bed rivers. Alternatively, they are considered to be bedrock rivers when the glacial deposits were eroded and underlying rock was exposed. However, ignoring the glacial history of these rivers is scientifically wrong and they should be termed "semi-alluvial". This work shows that classification is important, not only …

Upper Cretaceous-Tertiary Geology/Stratigraphy Of Pertek And Its Vicinity (Tunceli̇, Turkey), Erdal Herece, Şükrü Acar

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

The basement units of the studied region are Paleozoic-Mesozoic Keban metamorphic and Upper Cretaceous Elazığ magmatics. As a result of tectonic events caused by final collision in Middle Maastrichtian, all these basement units were juxtaposed, uplifted, eroded and acted as source areas for the Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene basins. Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene units were sampled systematically in order to determine their ages and lithologies. These marine units were identified as Harami, Seske and Kırkgeçit formations based on new age data and their stratigraphic positions. Other units of the study area are Upper Oligocene-Lower Miocene Alibonca formation and Pliyosen Karabakır formation. Harami formation, late …

Surficial Geology Of York College Campus (Queens) And Montauk Point (Long Island): An Open Access To Geoscience Education, Nazrul I. Khandaker, Stanley Schleifer, Krishna Mahabir, Erik Menjivar, Ality Aghedo, Dennis Baidoo, Tenzin Choeying, Vanessa Erwin, Jonathan Xavier, Laboni Molla, Akeed Alrubay

Publications and Research

To evaluate compositional and textural differences among the samples collected from York College (YC) campus (Queens), Montauk Point (MP) and Hither Hills (HH), Long Island, emphasis is given to the general geologic setting, overall grain size distribution, and relative abundances of light and heavy mineral assemblages. Geologic setting encompasses outwash plains (York College), fluvioglacial and glacial (Montauk Point) and beach and dune complex (Hither Hills). YC samples were collected from depth ranging 40 cm to 250 cm and are mostly an assortment of medium to coarse sand, granule to cobble sized, minor silt, and clay. Presence of low angle cross …

Montauk Point, An Essential Field Experience For Students In The New York City Area, Stanley Schleifer, Nazrul I. Khandaker, Keshaw Narine

Publications and Research

Except for a thin strip of Proterozoic and Paleozoic metamorphic and igneous rock along its very western edge and an outcropping of coastal plain deposits along its northwestern edge, the surface of Long Island is immediately underlain by unconsolidated deposits consisting of moraines of glacial till, outwash plains of stratified drift, and beach and dune complex formed by wave action. Two very prominent features of the island are the Harbor Hill Moraine, which marks the southernmost extent of the last major advance of continental glacier ice in the New York area during the Pleistocene and the Ronkonkoma Moraine, which marks …

Stratigraphy And Structure Of A South-Trending Structural High, Northern Arkoma Basin, Arkansas, Yirong Chen

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The Arkoma Basin is a Carboniferous peripheral foreland basin in southeastern Oklahoma and west-central Arkansas. The formation of the Arkoma Basin is a result of a collision between the North American Plate and the Sabine Terrane. To the north of the basin, there is a structural high that extends southward from the Arkoma Shelf into the basin. This structure is in contrast with the prevailing east-trending strike of structures in the northern margin of the basin and is poorly defined. This paper examined the structure of the salient with stratigraphic and structural cross sections. Across the study area, two NS …

Initial Structural Subsidence As Reflected In Morrowan And Atokan (Pennsylvanian) Subsurface Stratigraphy, Northern Arkoma Basin, North-Central Arkansas, Fatimah Taher Nahi Al Asadi

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The Arkoma Basin is a carboniferous foreland basin that is known for its prolific gas production. The objective of this research is to study the initial subsidence of the basin by analyzing the strati-graphic and structural features of the study area. This was accomplished through IHS Petra, Surf-er 13, and Win-Tensor software. Field work studies comprised a large part of this study. Also, a seismic profile and Google earth elevation profiles are among the methods used to study the initial subsidence of the Arkoma Basin. The study area within the basin represents a transitional zone from the shelf into the …

Early And Middle Atokan Lithostratigraphy And Reservoir Development, Northern Arkoma Basin, Northwestern Arkansas, Matthew Alan Blaylock

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The Arkoma Basin is a peripheral foreland arc basin associated with the Ouachita orogenic belt. In Arkansas, the basin is bounded by the Ouachita belt to the south and the Ozark Dome to the north. Sedimentary rocks of early to middle Atokan age are present in the shallow subsurface at the northern margin of the Arkoma Basin in northwestern Arkansas. Sedimentary units of this time interval reflect basinal subsidence, and the transition of the Arkoma Basin from a passive margin shelf to a rapidly evolving foreland arc basin. Sediment sources from the north and east produced a thickened Lower and …

Determining The Viability Of Recent Storms As Modern Analogues For North-Central Gulf Of Mexico Paleotempestology Through Sedimentary Analysis And Storm Surge Reconstruction, Joshua Caleb Bregy

Master's Theses

The northern Gulf of Mexico has been devastated by recent intense storms. Camille (1969) and Katrina (2005) are two notable hurricanes that made landfall in virtually the same location in Mississippi. However, fully understanding the risks and processes associated with hurricane impacts is impeded by a short and fragmented instrumental record. Paleotempestology could potentially use modern analogues from intense storms in this region to extend the hurricane record back to pre-observational time. Existing empirically based models can back-calculate surge heights over coastal systems as a function of transport distance, particle settling velocity, and gravitational acceleration. We collected cores in a …

Three-Dimensional Architecture And Hydrostratigraphy Of Cross-Cutting Buried Valleys Using Airborne Electromagnetics, Glaciated Central Lowlands, Nebraska, Usa, Jesse T. Korus Dr., Robert Matthew Joeckel, Dana P. Divine, Jared D. Abraham

Conservation and Survey Division

Buried valleys are characteristic features of glaciated landscapes, and their deposits host important aquifers worldwide. Understanding the stratigraphic architecture of these deposits is essential for protecting groundwater and interpreting sedimentary processes in subglacial and ice-marginal environments. The relationships between depositional architecture, topography and hydrostratigraphy in dissected, pre-Illinoian till sheets is poorly understood. Boreholes alone are inadequate to characterize the complex geology of buried valleys, but airborne electromagnetic surveys have proven useful for this purpose. A key question is whether the sedimentary architecture of buried valleys can be interpreted from airborne electromagnetic profiles. This study employs airborne electromagnetic resistivity profiles to …

Ocean Gateways And Glaciation: Planktic Foraminiferal Records From The Southern Ocean, Equatorial Pacific, And Caribbean, Andrew J. Fraass

Doctoral Dissertations

Ocean gateway changes, once the best mechanism for driving abrupt climatic change, have fallen from favor. They have been largely replaced within the literature by changes in CO₂ concentration and orbital forcing. This dissertation looks at three intervals of relative stability (Oligocene), prolonged change (Plio-Pleistocene), or transient events (Oligocene/Miocene boundary) in order to better understand the oceanographic circumstances which govern ‘events’ in the paleoceanographic record. Chapter 1 discusses the chronostratigraphy of Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1396 (Expedition 340) in the Caribbean Sea. A combination of paleomagnetostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, astrochronology, and correlation to Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) allows a …

Micropaleontology And Isotope Stratigraphy Of The Upper Aptian To Lower Cenomanian (~114-98 Ma) In Odp Site 763, Exmouth Plateau, Nw Australia, Ali Alibrahim

Masters Theses

The biostratigraphy and isotope stratigraphy of the upper Aptian to lower Cenomanian interval including oceanic anoxic events OAE1b, 1c and 1d are investigated in ODP Site 763, drilled on the Exmouth Plateau offshore northwest Australia. Benthic foraminifera suggest that Site 763 was situated in outer neritic to upper bathyal water depths (~150-600 m). OAEs of the Atlantic basin and Tethys are typically associated with organic carbon-rich black shales and δ¹³C excursions. However, OAEs at this high latitude site correlate with ocean acidification and/or pyrite formation under anoxic conditions rather than black shales. Ocean acidification maybe responsible for sporadic …