Enhancement Of Grassland Production Through Integration Of Forage Legumes In Semi-Arid Rangelands Of Kenya,
2023
KARI-Kenya Soil Survey, Kenya
Enhancement Of Grassland Production Through Integration Of Forage Legumes In Semi-Arid Rangelands Of Kenya, P. N. Macharia, J. I. Kinyamario, W. N. Ekaya, C. K. K. Gachene
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Livestock production in semi-arid rangelands of Kenya is limited by the seasonal quantity and quality of fodder. Kirkman & Carvalho (2003) stated that these inter- and intra-seasonal quality and quantity fluctuations result in nutrient deficits that severely limit livestock production potential. The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of three forage legumes on the production of natural pastures in semi-arid rangelands of Kenya.
Desmanthus: A New Forage Legume To Improve Wool Growth In Tropical Australia,
2023
EMBRAPA, Brazil
Desmanthus: A New Forage Legume To Improve Wool Growth In Tropical Australia, J. H. De A. Rangel, Carlos A. M. Gomide
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In tropical Australia, very short and erratic wet seasons are the critical factors in determining forage growth and animal production (Wheeler & Freer, 1986). Grasses are highly susceptible to low rainfall and animal production in such conditions become strictly seasonal. Improvements in meat and wool production by the introduction of stylo species (Stylosanthes sp.) into natural grasslands have been intensively reported (Gillard & Winter, 1984). However, there are currently no suitable introduced legumes for the c.28 million ha of Mitchell grass (Astrebla spp.) plains in heavy clay soils of western North Queensland, grazed predominately by wool producing Merino …
Recent Advances In Stylosanthes Research In Tropical America,
2023
Australia
Recent Advances In Stylosanthes Research In Tropical America, Bela Grof, Celso D. Fernandes, Jaqueline R. Verzignassi
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The potential of neotropical savannas is very large for pasture-based livestock systems. There are 250 million ha of well-drained lowland savannas in the American tropics. Over 200 million ha are situated in the Cerrados region of Brazil. The Cerrados support 42% of the national herd. Although these ranges support large populations of livestock, productivity is generally low. Poor nutritive value of native pastures and monospecific swards of Brachiaria spp. is the principal cause of this low productivity, especially in the dry season when these grasslands often provide no more than 60% of the animal's maintenance requirements. The best option to …
Desmodium Velutinum: A High-Quality Shrub Legume For Acid Soils In The Tropics,
2023
University of Hohenheim, Germany
Desmodium Velutinum: A High-Quality Shrub Legume For Acid Soils In The Tropics, R. Schultze-Kraft, M. Peters, N. Vivas, F. Parra, L. H. Franco
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Drought tolerant legume shrubs can enhance the sustainability of smallholder production systems in the tropics through the provision, year-round, of high-quality feed and through their positive effect on soil. Desmodium velutinum (Willd.) DC. is one of the few shrub species that have been identified as (1) well adapted to acid tropical soils and (2) of good nutritive value (Schultze-Kraft, 1996). It is a perennial native to SE Asia and tropical Africa growing up to 3 m high, the velutinous (velvety) surfaces of its 1-foliolate leaves being a characteristic feature. It grows well on soils ranging from pH 4.0 to alkaline, …
Agronomic Evaluation Of Twenty Ecotypes Of Leucaena Spp. For Acid Soil Conditions In México,
2023
INIFAP, Mexico
Agronomic Evaluation Of Twenty Ecotypes Of Leucaena Spp. For Acid Soil Conditions In México, J. F. Enríquez-Quiroz, A. Hernández-Garay, A. R. Quero-Carrillo
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Leucaena leucocephala Lam. (de Witt) has been shown to be a good forage producer and to posses good persistence under grazing conditions in México tolerating well the management of local cattlemen (Quero et al., 2004). The Leucaena genus is native to Central America and Mexico (Hughes, 1998), but L. leucocephala is a low producer under acid soil conditions. The natural diversity is a good source of resistance to acid soil conditions resistance and to other adverse factors. Several Leucaena accessions were evaluated for production under acid soil conditions in tropical Mexico.
Leucaena Production In Arid Botswana,
2023
Department of Agricultural Research, Botswana
Leucaena Production In Arid Botswana, F. P. Wandera, M. Karachi, S. Mangope, B. M. Lefofe
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The value of browse species as a source of nitrogen for grazing animals is restricted to wet seasons, with protein deficiencies being experienced by September (in dry winter season) in Southern Africa (Moleele 1998). This is when highly productive planted browse species would become useful to supplement the protein diet requirement of grazing animals (Morris & Du Toit 1998). Further, browse species can provide partly for protein requirement of intensive production systems, such as in feedlots and dairies. This paper reports work on the introduction and screening of Leucaena for Botswana conditions.
Effect Of Type Of Tree Leaves On Intake, Nutrient Utilisation And Rumen Fermentation Pattern In Goat Fed With Cenchrus Ciliaris Grass,
2023
Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, India
Effect Of Type Of Tree Leaves On Intake, Nutrient Utilisation And Rumen Fermentation Pattern In Goat Fed With Cenchrus Ciliaris Grass, S. Singh, S. S. Kandu, L. K. Karnani
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Grasses and tree leaves/shrubs are the major feeds available from grasslands and grazing fields. There is though a dearth of information on the nutritional value of tree foliage although available information was collated by Shelton et al. (1995). This study evaluated the relative nutritive value of two foliages for goats.
Ensiling Characteristics And Nutritive Value Of Browse/Maize Forage Mixtures,
2023
Makerere University, Uganda
Ensiling Characteristics And Nutritive Value Of Browse/Maize Forage Mixtures, F. B. Bareeba, H. Kato, Elly N. Sabiiti
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The practice of growing fodder tree and shrubs is being advocated for and adopted in smallholder dairy production systems. In Uganda, Calliandra calothyrsus, Gliricidia sepium, and Leucaena leucocephala have been identified and recommended as the most suitable species (Sabiiti, 2001). However tree foliage contains toxic compounds (Lowry, 1990), which may be alleviated by ensiling. The objective of the experiment was to study the ensiling characteristics of browse/ maize forage mixtures and their nutritive value when fed to lactating dairy cows.
The Effect Of Fermentation Of Calliandra Calothyrsus, Gliricidia Sepium, Leucaena Leucocephala And Maize Forage On Rumen Degradation And Microbial Protein Synthesis,
2023
Makerere University, Uganda
The Effect Of Fermentation Of Calliandra Calothyrsus, Gliricidia Sepium, Leucaena Leucocephala And Maize Forage On Rumen Degradation And Microbial Protein Synthesis, H. Kato, F. B. Bareeba, Elly N. Sabiiti, C. Ebong
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Ensiling as a means of storing green fodder by acidification has a profound effect on the chemical composition of the resultant silage. Ensiling could therefore, ameliorate the effects of anti-nutritional factors associated with browses. The objective of the experiment was to determine fermentation characteristics and rumen degradation (D) of ensiled Calliandra calothyrsus (C), Gliricidia sepium (G), Leucaena leucocephala (L) and maize forage.
Persistence Of Tall Fescue And Cattle Grazing Preference As Affected By Endophyte Status,
2023
Mississippi State University
Persistence Of Tall Fescue And Cattle Grazing Preference As Affected By Endophyte Status, D. J. Lang, S. P. Wang, A. Tokilita, R. Given, M. Salem, R. Elmore
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Endophyte-infected (E+) grasses often exhibit increased survival, growth and resistance to herbivory compared to uninfected counterparts. Latch (1997) proposed a strategy for cultivar improvement of infecting elite cultivars with strains of Neotyphodium coenophialum that are non-toxic to livestock, but still able to convey the persistence advantage shown with wild-type, toxic endophyte. The strategy of re-infecting tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.) cultivars with naturally occurring, non-ergot-producing endophytes appears promising for removing animal toxicity symptoms and retaining agronomic performance (Bouton et al., 2002; Hill et al., 2002). The objective of this study was to compare the effect of …
Performance Of Animals Grazing Various Tall Fescue / Endophyte Combinations,
2023
Noble Foundation, Inc.
Performance Of Animals Grazing Various Tall Fescue / Endophyte Combinations, Andrew A. Hopkins
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum) infection can improve tall fescue persistence (Read & Camp, 1986), but animals grazing wild type tall fescue often suffer from reduced performance and poor health (Hoveland et al., 1983). Novel endophytes do not produce the alkaloids implicated in animal toxicity and can help maintain stand longevity while minimizing animal health problems (Bouton et al., 2002). The objectives of this research were to compare productivity and health of animals grazing various tall fescue / endophyte combinations, and the persistence of these combinations under grazing in the Southern Plains of the USA.
Recovery Of Yearling Calves From Fescue Toxicosis,
2023
Forage-Animal Production Research Unit
Recovery Of Yearling Calves From Fescue Toxicosis, G. E. Aiken, M. L. Looper, S. F. Tabler, J. R. Strickland
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire) is widely utilized for grazing in the transition zone between the temperate and subtropical regions of the eastern U.S.A. Cattle grazing tall fescue frequently exhibit fescue toxicosis, a malady caused by consumption of toxins produced by the endophyte, Neotyphodium coenophialum. Symptoms of fescue toxicosis include retention of rough hair coat, increased body temperature and laboured respiration. Heat stress may be severe at onset of high ambient temperature and humidity. Transporting cattle exhibiting toxicosis can therefore be difficult because combined stresses of the toxicosis and transporting often result in high mortality. An experiment …
Reduce Tall Fescue Toxicosis In Festuca Arundinacea Forage Systems With Legumes,
2023
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Reduce Tall Fescue Toxicosis In Festuca Arundinacea Forage Systems With Legumes, J. C. Waller, A. E. Fisher, H. A. Fribourg, C. J. Richards
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum = Festuca arundinacea) is an important cool-season grass because of persistence and spring and autumn productivity. Most existing tall fescue pastures in Tennessee are Kentucky-31 (KY-31) and are infested with the endophytic fungus Neotyphodium coenophialum that causes tall fescue toxicosis. Symptoms in beef cattle include reduced rates of gain, poor conception rates, decreased dry matter intake, a long rough haircoat in summer, and very low serum prolactin. Earlier studies indicated that the performance of cattle grazing endophyte-free (EF) tall fescue is superior to that of cattle grazing endophyte-infected (EI) tall fescue (Fribourg et al …
Milk Production From Cows Grazing Perennial Ryegrass Pastures Infected With Wild Or Ar1 Endophyte In New Zealand,
2023
Dexcel, New Zealand
Milk Production From Cows Grazing Perennial Ryegrass Pastures Infected With Wild Or Ar1 Endophyte In New Zealand, Stephanie J. Bluett, E. R. Thom, D. A. Clark
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Most perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) cultivars in New Zealand are available with either the natural wild endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii); the AR1 novel endophyte (no lolitrem B or ergovaline production); or endophyte-free. Although wild endophyte protects ryegrass against insect attack, improving pasture persistence, it can also cause ryegrass staggers and reduced animal performance. Endophyte AR1 does not cause ryegrass staggers but still protects against insect pests such as Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis). A 3-year farmlet experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of AR1 and wild endophyte-infected ryegrass on pasture performance, milk production …
The Effects Of Exposure To Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Seed On Faecal And Urine Concentrations Of Ergovaline And Lysergic Acid In Mature Gelding Horses, C. L. Schultz, S. L. Lodge-Ivey, A. M. Craig, James R. Strickland, L. P. Bush
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Despite the good nutritive value of endophyte-infected tall fescue, consumption by livestock results in a decrease in both reproductive and growth performance due to ergot alkaloids produced by an endophytic fungus (Cross et al., 1995). Little research has investigated the metabolic fate of ergot alkaloids and/or their metabolites in grazing horses. Thus, the objectives of this experiment were: a) to determine concentrations of ergovaline (EV) and lysergic acid (LA) in the faeces and urine of geldings exposed to tall fescue seed over a time course experiment and b) to measure the effects of alkaloid-containing tall fescue on nutrient digestibility …
Ergovaline And Ergovalinine And Tall Fescue Content Of Pastures In Central Kentucky,
2023
University of Kentucky
Ergovaline And Ergovalinine And Tall Fescue Content Of Pastures In Central Kentucky, P. W. Long, Jimmy C. Henning, L. P. Bush
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Kentucky has > 2Mha of tall fescue (Festuca arundianacea Schreb.) grown mainly for livestock consumption. Many alkaloids in tall fescue are produced in a mutualistic association between tall fescue and an endophytic fungus (Neotyphodium coenophialum) (Long et al., 2002). Ingestion of tall fescue by livestock may depress reproduction and growth (Schultz & Bush, 2002). Not all Kentucky fields of tall fescue are thought to be infected with endophyte, but forage samples from all surveyed pastures had measurable ergopeptine alkaloids. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that some of the tall fescue plants in these fields were infected. …
Studies Of Seed Characteristics Of Ecotypes Of Lucerne, Bromus And Agropyron In Response To Fusarium Oxysporum And F. Solani,
2023
Research Institute of Forest and Rangeland, Iran
Studies Of Seed Characteristics Of Ecotypes Of Lucerne, Bromus And Agropyron In Response To Fusarium Oxysporum And F. Solani, M. A. Alizadeh
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Vigorous seeds and seedlings are more resistant to pathogens than non-vigorous seeds and seedlings (Kim, 1994). Therefore, it is necessary to assess seed and seedling performance in response to seed borne fungi.
The Effects Of Symbiotic Mycorrhizal Fungi On Drought Tolerance And Forage Production Of Lucerne (Medicago Sativa),
2023
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Iran
The Effects Of Symbiotic Mycorrhizal Fungi On Drought Tolerance And Forage Production Of Lucerne (Medicago Sativa), H. Panahpour
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form beneficial symbioses with the roots of many plants. This association allows them to maintain themselves and grow well under relatively harsh conditions (Sieverding, 1986). They also improve the ability of plants to withstand or have enhanced water acquisition capability. AMF symbioses assist to extend crop and forage plants into arid and semi arid zones. In this research effects of AMF symbiosis were studied on drought tolerance and forage production of lucerne (Medicago sativa).
Selection Of Australian Root Nodule Bacteria For Broad-Scale Inoculation Of Native Legumes,
2023
University of Western Australia, Australia
Selection Of Australian Root Nodule Bacteria For Broad-Scale Inoculation Of Native Legumes, R. G. Bennett, R. J. Yates, E. L. J. Watkin, Graham W. O'Hara, M. J. Dilworth
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The unique and diverse native Australian perennial legumes are under current investigation for use as pastures in Australian agriculture. Identification of root nodule bacteria (RNB) that can fix nitrogen effectively for the plant is a critical factor for the success of a legume species in agriculture (Howieson et al., 2000). Some legumes under investigation are relatively promiscuous (Lange, 1961). This trait may allow the development of a single, broad-scale inoculant that could allow inoculation of multiple species of agricultural importance, whilst more effective, specific RNB are developed in time. Aimed to identify strains that can form effective symbioses with …
A New Napier Grass Stunting Disease In Kenya Associated With Phytoplasma,
2023
Kenya
A New Napier Grass Stunting Disease In Kenya Associated With Phytoplasma, Apollo B. Orodho, S. I. Ajanga, P. Jones, P. O. Mudavadi
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) is a cultivated elephant grass native to Eastern and Central Africa forming the major livestock feed on East African smallholder dairy farms (Valk, 1990) as it is suitable for cut and carry for zero-grazing management systems. Although several plant pathogens have been described historically they were seldom severe. However, in 1970s there was an outbreak of snow mould fungal disease caused by Beniowskia spheroidea that attacked most varieties of napier grass. A napier grass variety clone 13 was bred which is resistant to the disease. In the 1990s two major outbreaks of napier grass …
