Impacts Of Strategic Grazing On Density And Ground Cover Of Naturalised Hill Pasture,
2023
Department of Primary Industries, Australia
Impacts Of Strategic Grazing On Density And Ground Cover Of Naturalised Hill Pasture, Zhongnan Nie, P. E. Quigley, R. P. Zollinger
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Low ground cover by perennial species is a major problem in naturalised pasture on steep hill country in southern Australia. This leads to water and nutrient runoff, recharge to groundwater, and soil erosion, all of which impact on the environmental sustainability and profitability of grazing enterprises. Restoration of perennial components, particularly the native grasses for these marginal land classes, is of great importance for improving water balance, halting land degradation (Ridley et al. 1997), extending growing season, and increasing pasture production. The objective of this study was to use strategic grazing management to increase the ground cover and plant …
Effects Of Vegetation Structure And Plant Height When Grazed On Persistency Of Meadow Fescue Pasture,
2023
National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, Japan
Effects Of Vegetation Structure And Plant Height When Grazed On Persistency Of Meadow Fescue Pasture, K. Sudo, Y. Ogawa, K. Umemura
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
An intensive grazing technique using meadow fescue (Mf) pasture has been developed in northern Japan, where soil freezes in winter. It has been shown that the appropriate plant height of Mf pasture when grazed for persistency is about 27 cm. When Mf and perennial ryegrass (Pr) pastures were grazed at the same plant height of 20 cm, vegetation of Mf pasture declined and plant length of Mf pasture was longer than that of Pr pasture (Sudo et al., 2002). These phenomena might be due to the effects of differences in grass species and plant height when grazed on vegetation …
Stylo In China: A Tropical Forage Legume Success Story,
2023
Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, China
Stylo In China: A Tropical Forage Legume Success Story, Guodao Liu, S. Chakraborty
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Although Stylosanthes gracilis was the first stylo to be introduced as a green manure cover crop for young rubber plantations in 1961, the S. guianensis cultivars Cook and Graham introduced in the 1970s and 1980s were largely responsible for the stylo revolution in China. Before serious anthracnose outbreaks, these cultivars covered over 13,000 ha in southern China. Anthracnose had shifted emphasis to S. guianensis CIAT184 and successful cultivars originate from this introduction (Guodao et al., 2004). Well-adapted varieties are now available for much of southern China and in 2003, the total area of stylo exceeded 200,000 ha. Stylo development …
Intake, Digestibility And Rate Of Passage Of Grass In Grazing By Light Breed Horses On Different Pastures,
2023
Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Japan
Intake, Digestibility And Rate Of Passage Of Grass In Grazing By Light Breed Horses On Different Pastures, Masahito Kawai, N. Yabu, T. Asa, K. Deguchi, S. Matsuoka
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In a previous study, grazing light breed horses could ingest CP and DE requirements for maintenance without supplements. However, their grazing behaviour, such as biting and chewing efficiency, which related to the passage rate of forage in the digestive tract and fibre digestibility, was affected by the pasture conditions (Kawai et al., 2004). In this study, the DM intake, digestibility and mean retention time (MRT) of grass in light breed horses were determined and compared in spring, summer and autumn on an improved pasture.
Sustainable Semi-Arid Grazing Management Based On Indigenous Shona Practices Prior To Introduction Of Western Ideas In Zimbabwe,
2023
Njeremoto Biodiversity Institute, Zimbabwe
Sustainable Semi-Arid Grazing Management Based On Indigenous Shona Practices Prior To Introduction Of Western Ideas In Zimbabwe, O. Mugweni, R. Mugweni
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
In the Shona culture the land, i.e. the plants, animals, soil, water, air and others, evolved with herding animals. Hence, the absence of one results in the destruction of the other. It is argued that the conventional grazing management belief that too many animals cause overgrazing is a misconception of the semi-arid savanna environments of Southern Africa where these environments evolved with thousands of herding grazers and mega-faunas such as elephants, wildebeests and buffalo. The objective of the research is to establish that grazing with an adequate recovery period for grazed plants, as a result of domesticated animals being managed …
How Are Distances Between Grazing Cows Determined?,
2023
Ibaraki University, Japan
How Are Distances Between Grazing Cows Determined?, Masae Shiyomi
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Although domestic cows are protected from their natural enemies, they form herds when grazing like their wild forbears did. The herding instinct is used to manage cattle because it is easier to control a herd than separate individuals. This study examined how distances between individual grazing cows are determined.
Catch-Up In Response To Elevated Co2 - A Study Of Genotypes Of 12 Grassland Species,
2023
University College Dublin, Ireland
Catch-Up In Response To Elevated Co2 - A Study Of Genotypes Of 12 Grassland Species, E. Wright, John Connolly, Andreas Lüscher
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Differential growth enhancements for species or genotypes under elevated CO2 can lead to changes in the composition of plant communities. Under a Rich-get-richer hypothesis, species that constitute a large proportion of a community (the dominants) will increase their dominance at elevated CO2 (Bazzaz and Garbutt, 1988). Under the alternative Catch-up hypothesis the smaller components of communities will benefit proportionately more than dominants from elevated CO2 conditions (tested at the level of individual plants in a monoculture in Wayne and Bazzaz, 1997). A recent review (Poorter & Navas, 2003) provided no evidence for differential growth enhancements by dominant …
The Timing Of Daily Grazing On Annual Ryegrass Or Sulla Forage: The Effects On Milk Yield And Composition Of Comisana Ewes,
2023
Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy
The Timing Of Daily Grazing On Annual Ryegrass Or Sulla Forage: The Effects On Milk Yield And Composition Of Comisana Ewes, D. Giambalvo, L. Stringi, C. Scarpello, P. Iudicello, A. Bonanno, A. Di Grigoli
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The timing and duration of grazing greatly affect the response of animals. Night grazing, in addition to grazing during the day, seems to be one of the most important practices for improving animal performance (Bayer et al., 1987). Many authors have already underlined the major benefits of night grazing, such as improved body condition, reduced heat stress, increased forage intake and milk production. However, labour constraints, insecurity, damage to crops by animals are considered as the main reasons for not practising day and night grazing. The aim of this research was to improve knowledge about the effects of daily …
Herbage Production Of Tanzania Grass (Panicum Maximum Cv. Tanzania) Submitted To Combinations Of Frequencies And Intensities Of Grazing By Cattle,
2023
Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
Herbage Production Of Tanzania Grass (Panicum Maximum Cv. Tanzania) Submitted To Combinations Of Frequencies And Intensities Of Grazing By Cattle, Domicio Nascimento Jr., Rodrigo A. Barbosa, Valéria P. B. Euclides, S. C. Da Silva, R. A. Torres
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Animal production from pastures is a complex process comprising three main stages: herbage growth, consumption by grazing animals and conversion into animal products (Hodgson, 1990). Utilisation is the stage where the grazier finds greater flexibility for management, probably because most processes related to harvest of the produced herbage by the grazing animals are very responsive to manipulation and control of defoliation practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate herbage production of a Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania pasture submitted to combinations of frequencies and intensities of grazing.
The Effects Of Proximity To Watering Points On Vegetation Parameters In Winter Rangelands Of Chahe-Nou, Damghan, Iran,
2023
University of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Iran
The Effects Of Proximity To Watering Points On Vegetation Parameters In Winter Rangelands Of Chahe-Nou, Damghan, Iran, R. Khalifeh-Zadeh, Mansour Mesdaghi
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
The Chahe-Nou with 115 mm rainfall and high temperatures (30 °C) is located 95 km south of Damghan. It is grazed intensively by nomadic and sedentary sheep and goats during winter. Proximity to watering points affects the rangelands vegetation. With increasing distance from the watering points more palatable species increase, whilst grazing decreases. The areas nearest the watering points contain more unpalatable undesirable invasive species (Department of Natural Resources, 1999). The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of proximity to watering point on vegetation parameters at two watering points.
Grazing Behaviour Of Lambs In Different Production Systems,
2023
Embrapa, Brazil
Grazing Behaviour Of Lambs In Different Production Systems, C. H. E. C. Poli, Alda L. G. Monteiro, C. S. Gomes, G. J. Bosquetto, J. R. Dittrich, Susana Gilaverte, H. V. L. Piazetta
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Ingestive behaviour is an important component of a grazing system (Fryxell et al., 2001). The understanding of lamb behaviour patterns in different production systems is crucial to management and to assess the impact of the production system on the use of resources by animals. The objective of this study was to determine the grazing behaviour of lambs in different production systems.
Herbage Intake And Animal Performance Of Cattle Grazing Brachiaria Brizantha Cv. Marandu Under Continuous Stocking,
2023
Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
Herbage Intake And Animal Performance Of Cattle Grazing Brachiaria Brizantha Cv. Marandu Under Continuous Stocking, S. C. Da Silva, P. Sarmento, L. K. Molan, F. M. E. Andrade, André F. Sbrissia, A. V. Lupinacci, A. C. Gonçalves, D. E. Oliveira
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Grazing management affects sward structure, which in turn influences plant and animal responses. With the objective of understanding causal relationship between sward structure and animal responses, the present experiment evaluated the daily herbage intake and live weight gain of growing cattle on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture during summer (Dec. 2001 to Mar. 2002).
Effect Of Red And White Clover Added To A Rye Grass-Based Diet On Intake, Fibre Digestion And Methane Release Of Dairy Cows,
2023
ETH-Zürich, Switzerland
Effect Of Red And White Clover Added To A Rye Grass-Based Diet On Intake, Fibre Digestion And Methane Release Of Dairy Cows, Anette H. Van Dorland, Michael Kreuzer, M. Leuenberger, H. R. Wettstein
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Forage legumes like white and red clover are widely grown in association with grass, with the intention to improve the quality of grass-based diets. However little is known about the effect of either white or red clover added to a grass-based diet on methane release, and existing studies are not conclusive. The objective of this study, applying the respiratory chamber technique, was to determine the effect of red and white clover added to a rye grass-based diet on intake, fibre digestion and methane release of dairy cows.
Reproductive Allocation In Brassica Kaber,
2023
University College Dublin, Ireland
Reproductive Allocation In Brassica Kaber, Caroline Brophy, John Connolly, P. M. Wayne, D. J. Gibson
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Understanding the reproductive biology of weeds is essential to understanding their role in seminatural plant communities. The annual forb Brassica kaber is an important agricultural weed in the mid-western regions of the U.S.A. Linear regression is often used to establish the relationship between the reproductive mass (R) of a plant (as measured by number of flowers, seeds or mass of reproductive organs) and its dry mass (W)(Sletvold, 2002). Some plants do not have any reproductive output (R=0). These zero values cause a problem forlinear regression. Schmid et al. (1994) suggested using truncated regression as a solution. In this presentation …
Inheritance Of Yield, Morphological And Quality Characteristics In Cocksfoot (Dactylis Glomerata),
2023
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Iran
Inheritance Of Yield, Morphological And Quality Characteristics In Cocksfoot (Dactylis Glomerata), A. A. Jafari, H. M. Arefi, H. Nasri
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
This study estimated genetic variation in cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) for yield, tiller number, heading date, dry matter digestibility (DMD), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and crude protein (CP).
Proanthocyanidins From Hedysarum, Lotus And Onobrychis Spp. Growing In Sardinia And Sicily And Their Antioxidant Activity,
2023
Istituto Sperimentale per le Colture Foraggere, Italy
Proanthocyanidins From Hedysarum, Lotus And Onobrychis Spp. Growing In Sardinia And Sicily And Their Antioxidant Activity, A. Tava, M. G. De Benedetto, D. Tedesco, G. Di Miceli, G. Piluzza
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Proanthocyanidins (PA), or condensed tannins, are a class of natural polyphenolic compounds, occurring in numerous plant species, including a number of economically significant forage legumes. These compounds are polymers of flavan-3-ols, and typically contain from 2 to 20 units. Their biological significance is still being debated and, in recent years, a great deal of attention has been focused on their role in ruminant nutrition. Evidence has indicated that PA, in a moderate concentration (0.5-5% DM), may have considerable importance in protecting dietary proteins against microbial degradation in the rumen, and in preventing bloat. The antioxidant activity (AA) is also an …
Carbon Sequestration In Irrigated Pastures,
2023
University of Idaho
Carbon Sequestration In Irrigated Pastures, Glenn E. Shewmaker, J. A. Entry, R. E. Sojka
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Carbon sequestration potential for irrigated grazing lands is significant. We measured organic and inorganic C stored in southern Idaho soils having long-term land use histories that supported native sagebrush vegetation (NSB), irrigated pasture systems (IP), irrigated conservation tillage sites (ICT), and irrigated moldboard plowing systems (IMP). This study estimates the amount of possible organic, inorganic and total C sequestration if irrigated pasture land was expanded by 10%.
The Carbon Balance Of Long Term And Newly Established Temperate Grasslands,
2023
University College Dublin, Ireland
The Carbon Balance Of Long Term And Newly Established Temperate Grasslands, J. Clifton-Brown, G. Lanigan, R. B. Taylor, J. I. Burke, M. B. Jones
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Carbon (C) sequestration is the process of removing CO2 from the atmosphere and storing it in C pools of varying lifetime. Storage can be in the form of above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass or recalcitrant organic and inorganic C in the soil. While the processes of C sequestration are ultimately regulated at the molecular level, management practices and climate can greatly affect the way in which terrestrial ecosystems sequester C (Soussana et al., 2004). Because temperate grasslands account for a significant portion of the agricultural and semi-natural land-cover in N-W Europe any increase in the potential of temperate grasslands …
Carbon Sequestration In Pasture And Silvo-Pastoral Systems In Ecosystems Of The Latin American Tropics,
2023
CIAT, Colombia
Carbon Sequestration In Pasture And Silvo-Pastoral Systems In Ecosystems Of The Latin American Tropics, M. C. Amézquita, M. Ibrahim
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Conversion of forests to pastures has been the most important land use change in tropical America (TA) in the last fifty years. After deforestation and pasture establishment many areas have been abandoned due to productivity declines arising through mismanagement. Over 60% of the TA's pasture area is degraded. Recent interest in carbon sequestration and environmental considerations might suggest partial reforestation of current pastoral areas but this has implications for the socio-economic welfare of farmers and food availability. However, combining agricultural production with environmental objectives (particularly carbon sequestration) could provide a sustainable alternative. Here we present 3-years of research on the …
The Use Of Long-Term Modelling In Analysing N2O Abatement Strategies In Dairy Pastures,
2023
University of Melbourne, Australia
The Use Of Long-Term Modelling In Analysing N2O Abatement Strategies In Dairy Pastures, Richard J. Eckard, I. R. Johnson, D. F. Chapman
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Concerns about the environmental impact of nitrogen (N) losses in Australia, in particular, nitrous oxide emissions are related to the rapid increase in N application on dairy pastures. Computer modelling is the most suitable method available to assess the potential of best management practices (BMP) to reduce field losses, as direct field measurements are frequently limited by the short term nature of many field trials.
