Sedimentology Commons^™

Updated Glacial Chronology Of The South Fork Hoh River Valley, Olympic Peninsula, Washington Through Detailed Stratigraphy And Osl Dating, Cianna E. Wyshnytzky, Tammy M. Rittenour, Glenn D. Thackray

Cianna E Wyshnytzky

Four glacial advances are preserved and exposed in the stratigraphy of the South Fork Hoh River valley. The oldest of these advances extended beyond the South Fork valley into the Hoh River valley. The three younger advances are preserved in the stratigraphy cut bank exposures in the valley and geomorphically by moraines and outwash plains. One of these advances represents a re-advance to the same terminal position of the previous advance and has not previously been recognized in this valley or other glaciated valleys in the western Olympic Mountains. This finding advocates for a detailed sedimentologic and stratigraphic approach to …

Holocene Sediment Distribution On The Inner Continental Shelf Of Northeastern South Carolina: Implications For The Regional Sediment Budget And Long-Term Shoreline Response, Jenny Denny, William Schwab, Wayne Baldwain, Walter Barnhadt, Paul Gayes, Robert Morton, John Warner, Neil Driscoll, George Voulgaris

George Voulgaris

High-resolution geophysical and sediment sampling surveys were conducted offshore of the Grand Strand, South Carolina to define the shallow geologic framework of the inner shelf. Results are used to identify and map Holocene sediment deposits, infer sediment transport pathways, and discuss implications for the regional coastal sediment budget.

The thickest deposits of Holocene sediment observed on the inner shelf form shoal complexes composed of moderately sorted fine sand, which are primarily located offshore of modern tidal inlets. These shoal deposits contain ∼67 M m3 of sediment, approximately 96% of Holocene sediment stored on the inner shelf. Due to the lack …

Clay Synthesis: Modeling The Uptake Of Potassium During Low Temperature Illitization Of Smectite, Peter M. Razumov, Lucy C. Taylor, Rebecca A. Pickering

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Flow Rates And Composition Of The Filter, And Decay/Ingrowth Correction Factors Involved With The Determination Of In Situ Particulate 210Po And 210Pb In Seawater, Mark Baskaran, Thomas Church, Gi Hong, Anupam Kumar, Ma Qiang, Hui Choi, Sylvain Rigaud, Kanchan Maiti

Environmental Science and Geology Faculty Research Publications

Accurate measurements of particulate ²¹⁰Po (²¹⁰Po_p) and ²¹⁰Pb (²¹⁰Pb_p) are required in the investigation of (i) partitioning of Po and Pb between particulate and dissolved phases and (ii) export estimates of carbon and other key trace metals from the euphotic zone via sinking particulate matter. Based on the intercomparison of different composition of the filter material (QMA, Supor, Millipore, and Pall GN6) and flow rates (2 to 8 L min), we show how these factors affect the measured concentrations of ²¹⁰Po_p and ²¹⁰Pb_p and their activity …

Orbitally Paced Shifts In The Particle Size Of Antarctic Continental Shelf Sediments In Response To Ice Dynamics During The Miocene Climatic Optimum, Sandra Passchier, Candice J. Falk, Fabio Florindo

Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The AND-2A drill hole (ANDRILL [Antarctic Geological Drilling Program] Southern McMurdo Sound Project), ∼10 km from the East Antarctica coastline, records nearly 6 m.y. of sedimentation across the Miocene climatic optimum at a high-latitude site. Sedimentological studies of bedforms and particle size distributions indicate that the paleoenvironment was strongly affected by waves and currents, consistent with deposition in a glacially influenced neritic environment. We document abrupt shifts in mud percent within glacial-interglacial cycles ca. 17.8 Ma and between ca. 16.7 and 15.7 Ma that we attribute to the hydrodynamic effects of wave stirring tied to episodes of ice growth and …

Holocene Paleo-Environmental Variability Reconstructed From A Lake Sediment Record From Southeast Greenland, Gregory A. De Wet

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

Arctic climate variability over the Holocene has been both extensive and, at times, abrupt. Current understanding of these changes is still quite limited with few high-resolution paleoclimate records available for this period. In order to place observed and predicted 21^st century climate change in perspective, reliable and highly resolved paleo-reconstructions of Arctic climate are essential. Using an 8.5 m sediment core from Nanerersarpik Lake, this project will characterize climate changes during the Holocene, including the deglacial transition, the rapid changes that are known to have occurred around 8,200 years ago, the transition from Holocene thermal maximum (HTM) to the …

7700 Years Of Holocene Climatic Variability In Sermilik Valley, Southeast Greenland Inferred From Lake Sediments, Samuel H. Davin

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

During the latter half of the 20^th century until present day there has been an unprecedented rise in global annual mean temperatures accompanied by rising sea levels and a decrease in Northern Hemisphere snow cover, which if it continues will lead to widespread disruption of climate patterns, ecosystems, and present-day landscapes. It is therefore of critical importance to establish an expanded network of paleoclimate records across the globe in order to better assesses how the global climate system has changed in the past, that we may create a metric by which to address modern change. Herein is presented a7,700 …

The Sedimentological And Geomorphological Response Of A Glacially Conditioned Watershed To Event Induced Flooding: Insights From The Connecticut River And Hurricane Irene, Laura Kratz

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

Tropical Storm Irene’s most extreme rainfall resulted in record-breaking sediment loads from upland tributaries to the Connecticut River. However, was the event exceptional with respect to resultant deposition downstream? Off-river waterbodies to the Lower Connecticut River, such as cut-off meanders and blocked valley lakes, are a particularly important floodplain environment, which have been shown to serve as a focal point for the trapping of sediment and associated contaminants. This study evaluates the relative role of extreme events like Tropical Storm Irene in infilling these off-river environments. To meet this objective we compare the magnitude and composition of resultant sedimentation from …

Biomarker And Sedimentological Investigations Of Mis 8 Through Mis 12 From Lake El'gygytgyn, Ne Arctic Russia, Jeremy H. Wei

Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

Abstract

Multiple proxy analysis of lake sediment records are crucial for understanding changes in environmental and climate conditions over historical and geological time. Most recently, the use of biomarker proxies coupled with sedimentological investigations provides a new approach for gaining insight into the lake processes that capture information about past climate change. This approach is applied here to better understand the paleoclimate record from Lake El’gygytgyn in Western Beringia. Multiple organic geochemical compound concentrations were measure as proxies for both aquatic and terrestrial biological productivity. Measurements of n-alkane (plant leaf waxes) as well as concentrations of the compounds arborinol …

Determining The Sediment Source Area Through Petrographic Analysis Of The Hermosa Formation, Silverton, Southwestern Co, Kristina P. Pourtabib

Undergraduate Honors Theses

The Pennsylvanian/Permian Hermosa Formation in southwestern Colorado is composed of arkosic sandstone, marine limestone, and shale that formed at a time when the region consisted of open-marine carbonate shelves and coastal plains. During the time of deposition, there were many tectonically active highlands in the region, including the Ancestral Rocky Mountains, San Luis Highlands, and the Uncompahgre, Emery, Zuni-Defiance-Kaibab Uplifts. Previous studies have attributed the source of the main sediment supply of the Hermosa Formation to the Uncompahgre branch of the Ancestral Rocky Mountains with smaller amounts of elastics from the Defiance-Zuni uplifts (Wengerd and Matheny, 1958; Wengerd and Strickland, …

Distribution And Impacts Of Petroleum Hydrocarbons In Louisiana Tidal Marsh Sediments Following The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Rachel S. Hatch

Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences

Following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill, sediment cores were analyzed from marshes at various levels of oiling to determine how deeply oil penetrated sediment in these marsh environments, and if at these sites it had quantifiably affected benthic ecosystems. Minimum mixing depths were determined from penetration of the lithogenic radionuclide ²³⁴Th, which ranged from 0.25 to 4.5 cm. Sediment accumulation rates were determined using ²¹⁰Pb, with verification from ¹³⁷Cs in selected cores. Lead-210 profiles revealed long-term (decadal) mixing. Bay Jimmy, Louisiana was significantly affected by the DWH oil spill, as indicated by total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon …

Chemostratigraphy Of The Early Pliocene Diatomite Interval From Mis And-1b Core (Antarctica): Paleoenvironment Implications, Giovanna Scopelliti, Adriana Bellanca, Donata Monien, Gerhard Kuhn

ANDRILL Research and Publications

The AND-1B drill core (1285 m-long) was recovered, inside the ANDRILL (ANtarctic geological DRILLing) Program, during the austral summer of 2006/07 from beneath the floating McMurdo Ice Shelf. Drilling recovered a stratigraphic succession of alternating diamictites, diatomites and volcaniclastic sediments spanning about the last 14 Ma. A core portion between 350 and 480 mbsf, including a 80 m-thick diatomite interval recording the early Pliocene warming event, was investigated in term of opal biogenic content and element geochemistry. Across the diatomite interval, in spite of the lithological uniformity, a fluctuating biogenic opal profile mirrors the δ18O record, testifying a decrease in …

The Shortcomings Of "Passive" Urban River Restoration After Low-Head Dam Removal, Ottawa River (Northwestern Ohio, U.S.A.): What The Sedimentary Record Can Teach Us, James E. Evans

James E. Evans

No abstract provided.

Biogeochemical Evidence For Hydrologic Change During The Holocene In A Lake Sediment Record From Southeast Greenland, Nicholas L. Balascio, William J. D'Andrea, Raymond S. Bradley, Bianca B. Perren

Raymond S Bradley

Holocene paleoclimate records from Greenland help us understand the response of the Greenland Ice Sheet and regional oceanic and atmospheric circulation systems to natural climate variability in order to place recent changes in a longer-term perspective. Here biogeochemical analysis of a lake sediment core from southeast Greenland is used to define changes in moisture balance and runoff during the Holocene in a catchment near the margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet. A 1.6 m sediment core that spans the last 8.8 ka was recovered from Flower Valley Lake on Ammassalik Island. Magnetic susceptibility, diatoms, bulk biogeochemical properties (TOC, C/N, δ13Corg), …

Depositional Setting And Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis Of The Lower Permian Lower Hueco Formation On The Western Margin Of The Orogrande Basin, South Central New Mexico, Jonathon Eric Stautberg

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

On the western margin of the Orogrande Basin in south-central New Mexico, eight outcrop datasets, in the form of measured stratigraphic sections from the lower interval of the Lower Permian Lower Hueco Formation were analyzed in regard to depositional facies distribution and sequence stratigraphy. Based on petrographic analysis of 247 samples and associated field relationships, 11 depositional facies are recognized: 1) quartz sandstone, 2) quartz siltstone and shale, 3) fenestral dolomudstone, 4) microbial intraclast packstone, 5) dolomudstone, 6) green-algal packstone to grainstone, 7) ostracode foram wackestone, 8) oolitic packstone, 9) fossiliferous packstone and grainstone, 10) fusulinid packstone and grainstone, 11) …

The Roles Of Humans And Climatic Variation On The Fire History Of Subalpine Meadows - Mount Rainer National Park (Washington), Michael Louis Lukens

All Master's Theses

With the creation of Mount Rainier National Park (MORA) in 1899 came the active management of the park's landscapes and a heavy emphasis on fire suppression. Today managers at MORA have made returning fire to the park's landscapes a top priority. In order to achieve this goal, and to make more informed decisions in regard to the application of fire, land managers at MORA need to better understand past fire occurrences and the drivers of fire activity on the mountain. To address this problem, analysis of macroscopic charcoal preserved in lake sediments was used to reconstruct the fire history for …

Field Guide For Nebraska Invasive Insects, Nebraska Invasive Species Project

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Three-Dimensional Hydrostratigraphy Of The Firth, Nebraska Area: Results From Helicopter Electromagnetic (Hem) Mapping In The Eastern Nebraska Water Resources Assessment (Enwra), Jesse T. Korus, R. Matthew Joeckel, Dana Divine

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Three-Dimensional Hydrostratigrapy Of The Swedeburg, Nebraska Area: Results From Helicopter Electromagnetic (Hem) Mapping For The Eastern Nebraska Water Resources Assessment (Enwra), Dana Divine, Jesse T. Korus

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Do Cryoconite Holes Have The Potential To Be Significant Sources Of C, N, And P To Downstream Depauperate Ecosystems Of Taylor Valley, Antarctica?, Elizabeth A. Bagshaw, Martyn Tranter, Andrew G. Fountain, Kathleen A. Welch, Hassan J. Basagic, W. Berry Lyons

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Nutrient recycling occurs in hydrologically isolated cryoconite holes on the glaciers of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Biogeochemical processes enrich the cryoconite holes with solute and nutrients compared to the source sediment and glacier ice. The position of the glacier within the landscape affects the physical and biogeochemical character of the cryoconite holes, with those found in more biologically productive areas of the valley having higher concentrations of C, N, and P and higher pH. Comprehensive assessment of the quality and quantity of bioavailable C, N, and P shows that the cryoconite holes represent a significant store of nutrient in …