Descriptions Of Sampling Practices Within Five Approaches To
Qualitative Research In Education And The Health Sciences,
2015
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Descriptions Of Sampling Practices Within Five Approaches To Qualitative Research In Education And The Health Sciences, Tim Guetterman
Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications
Although recommendations exist for determining qualitative sample sizes, the literature appears to contain few instances of research on the topic. Practical guidance is needed for determining sample sizes to conduct rigorous qualitative research, to develop proposals, and to budget resources. The purpose of this article is to describe qualitative sample size and sampling practices within published studies in education and the health sciences by research design: case study, ethnography, grounded theory methodology, narrative inquiry, and phenomenology. I analyzed the 51 most highly cited studies using predetermined content categories and noteworthy sampling characteristics that emerged. In brief, the findings revealed a …
Mind-Craft: Exploring The Relation Between "Digital" Visual Experience And Orientation In Visual Contour Perception,
2015
Binghamton University
Mind-Craft: Exploring The Relation Between "Digital" Visual Experience And Orientation In Visual Contour Perception, Daniel Hipp
Graduate Dissertations and Theses
Visual perception depends fundamentally on statistical regularities in the environment to make sense of the world. One such regularity is the orientation anisotropy typical of natural scenes; most natural scenes contain slightly more horizontal and vertical information than oblique information. This property is likely a primary cause of the “oblique effect” in visual perception, in which subjects experience greater perceptual fluently with horizontally and vertically oriented content than oblique. However, recent changes in the visual environment, including the “carpentered” content in urban scenes and the framed, caricatured content in digital screen media presentations, may have altered the level of orientation …
Activating The Biological And Behavioral Immune Systems,
2015
Hamline University
Activating The Biological And Behavioral Immune Systems, Julia Christensen
Departmental Honors Projects
Psychology recognizes two distinct facets of the immune system: the biological immune system (BIO), covering all processes of the typical immune system, and the behavioral immune system (BEH), a set of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to environmental stimuli. Research on this dual immune system indicates that each is capable of influencing the other (Schaller & Park, 2011). For example, perception of illness in others can activate the sympathetic nervous system (Schaller, Miller, Gervais, Yager, & Chen, 2010). Furthermore, evidence suggests that these two systems are capable of influencing moral judgment (Inbar, Pizarro, & Bloom, 2008). This study aims to …
Electrophysiological And Behavioral Working Memory Differences Between Musicians And Non-Musicians,
2015
Central Washington University
Electrophysiological And Behavioral Working Memory Differences Between Musicians And Non-Musicians, Benjamin P. Richardson
All Master's Theses
The current study examines the P300 brainwave and working memory differences between musicians and non-musicians. Differences in aspects of recorded electrical brain activity have been used to quantify differences in updating processes of working memory possibly related to differences in amount of music experience. The current study is designed to partially replicate and enhance a method previously implemented in research describing how music experience may be associated with differences in visual processing as well auditory working memory and executive function. Behavioral data were collected using six standardized subtest measures of the TOMAL – II, followed by ERP recordings during a …
The Effects Of Feedback Sequence On Cognitive Performance,
2015
Central Washington University
The Effects Of Feedback Sequence On Cognitive Performance, Travis W. Pyle
All Master's Theses
The current study tested the effects of feedback sequence on performance on a visual-spatial task. Twenty-three female participants were randomly assigned to one of five feedback sequence conditions which occurred after two consecutive trials of a hole-punch task. The five feedback sequence conditions consisted of positive-positive (i.e., positive feedback followed by positive feedback), positive-negative, negative-positive, negative-negative, and a no-feedback control group. Positive feedback was presented as a 80%-90% accuracy range whereas negative feedback was a 30%-40% accuracy range. Third trial accuracy and completion time were measured as was locus of control via the Internal Control Index (ICI) survey. Analyses revealed …
Interleaved Effects In Inductive Category Learning: The Role Of Memory Retention,
2015
University of South Florida
Interleaved Effects In Inductive Category Learning: The Role Of Memory Retention, Alex Mackendrick
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Interleaved effects are widely documented. Research demonstrates that interleaved presentation orders, as opposed to blocked orders typically benefit inductive category learning. What drives interleaved effects is less straightforward. Interleaved presentations provide both the opportunity to compare and contrast between different types of category exemplars, which are temporally juxtaposed, and the opportunity to space study of the same type of category exemplars, which are temporally separated within the presentation span. Accordingly, interleaved effects might be driven by enhanced discrimination, enhanced memory retention, or both in some measure. Though recent studies have largely endorsed enhanced discrimination as the critical mechanism driving interleaved …
A Naturalistic Computational Model Of Human Behavior In Navigation And Search Tasks,
2015
Michigan Technological University
A Naturalistic Computational Model Of Human Behavior In Navigation And Search Tasks, Brandon S. Perelman
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open
Planning, navigation, and search are fundamental human cognitive abilities central to spatial problem solving in search and rescue, law enforcement, and military operations. Despite a wealth of literature concerning naturalistic spatial problem solving in animals, literature on naturalistic spatial problem solving in humans is comparatively lacking and generally conducted by separate camps among which there is little crosstalk. Addressing this deficiency will allow us to predict spatial decision making in operational environments, and understand the factors leading to those decisions. The present dissertation is comprised of two related efforts, (1) a set of empirical research studies intended to identify characteristics …
The Relationship Between English Language Learners And Reading Disabilities Profiles: Language Acquisition Vs. Reading Disabilities,
2015
Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine
The Relationship Between English Language Learners And Reading Disabilities Profiles: Language Acquisition Vs. Reading Disabilities, Emily S. Hartz
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
School psychologists are asked to determine whether or not a student’s limited English proficiency affects his or her eligibly for special education services. Scores from language proficiency tests, such as the WIDA ACCESS for ELLs English Language Proficiency Test, are often the only data available that speak to a student’s language proficiency. There is little research that speaks to how scores on these tests relate to performance on diagnostic testing for special education, specifically achievement testing. In this sample of data drawn from a population of English language learners, who also qualify for special education services under the disability of …
Relationally-Autonomous Reasons As A Predictor Of Collegiate Athletic Performance,
2015
Eastern Kentucky University
Relationally-Autonomous Reasons As A Predictor Of Collegiate Athletic Performance, Josef Max Katzman
Online Theses and Dissertations
The current proposed study examines a concept that has been looked at before but now using a new specific population. Previous research examined shows that reasons for motivation affect goal attainment and success. The current study is looking at how relational autonomous reasons for motivation play a role in goal attainment in athletes. Eastern Kentucky University athletes were administered a short questionnaire and their previous athletic performance was used as well. The two sets of data were then used to examine the relationship between the two variables. The results of the study showed a positive correlation between Relationally-Autonomous Reasons (RAR) …
Psychophysiological Markers Of Cognitive Reactions To Depictions Of Corporal Punishment,
2015
Eastern Kentucky University
Psychophysiological Markers Of Cognitive Reactions To Depictions Of Corporal Punishment, Hope Reuschel
Online Theses and Dissertations
The following study assessed cognitive mechanisms, via physiological measures, in reaction to photos depicting conditions of corporal punishment, nonphysical punishment, and a neutral control. Detections in skin conductance (SCR) were used to examine autonomic stress response. The current study examined executive working memory (WM) processes as influenced by cognitive and psychophysiological response to viewing depictions of various punishments being implemented. Results of this study found that while participants reacted differently, autonomically and cognitively, to photo conditions, these differences were unrelated to other anticipated moderators such as tendency to internalize shame or greater personal exposure to corporal punishment. Subsequent analyses, however, …
Connecting Perceptual Organization To Time Perception,
2015
Eastern Kentucky University
Connecting Perceptual Organization To Time Perception, Jason Scott Hays
Online Theses and Dissertations
Previous research suggests that the organizational cue, connectedness, can influence time judgments of geometric shapes. The stimuli of those experiments consisted of geometric shapes with lines. In the organized set of stimuli, the lines joined the shapes together, and in the unorganized set of stimuli, the lines floated in whitespace amongst the shapes. However, connectedness affected time judgments in two seemingly opposing directions in previous experiments. The current experiment sought to clarify the differences between the results of the earlier experiments by modifying the instructions of the second task to have participants count the number of disjoint shapes. In this …
What Happened Last Night? Sleep, Sex, And Recollection,
2015
Eastern Kentucky University
What Happened Last Night? Sleep, Sex, And Recollection, Amanda Gale Renfro
Online Theses and Dissertations
Previous research has repeatedly illustrated the beneficial influence of sleep on memory processes. Further, evidence has demonstrated the power of sexual valance to enhance memory for certain types of stimuli. The present study investigated the possible interaction effect between sleep and sexual valance on recollection memory in 44 undergraduate and graduate student participants at Eastern Kentucky University, based upon a method by Alger, Lau, & Fishbein (2012); however, in the current study, recollection memory items were words received audibly rather than visually. Behavioral data, electroencephalography (EEG), and skin conductance data was collected to assess memory performance, sleep progress, autonomic nervous …
The Relationship Between Personality Type And Exercise Motivation,
2015
Eastern Kentucky University
The Relationship Between Personality Type And Exercise Motivation, Kayla Michelle Bowman
Online Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide further understanding of the complex nature of physical activity motivation. Specifically, the purpose of this study was to analyze personality type and internal/external autonomous regulation. Method: Subjects were college students age 18 years and older who attended the Fitness Five Project. Data collected from the Ten-Item Personality Inventory and the RM 4-FM: Motivation for Physical Activity Questionnaire were analyzed using a bivariate correlation. Results: Statistical analyses revealed the personality traits extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability were positively associated with intrinsic motivation. Results showed the personality trait openness to experience was …
Social Withdrawal In Russian Youth: Using The
Extended Class Play To Examine Socio-Emotional And Academic Adjustment,
2015
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Social Withdrawal In Russian Youth: Using The Extended Class Play To Examine Socio-Emotional And Academic Adjustment, Irina Kalutskaya, Eric S. Buhs
Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications
This study explored the socio-emotional characteristics and school adjustment of shy/socially withdrawn youth and examined the properties of the Extended Class Play (ECP), a common peer measure of shyness/withdrawal and other social behavior with Russian early adolescents (n =106; mean age 12.5). Associations between the ECP scores and teacher- and self-reports of adjustment (e.g. internalizing problems) provided evidence-supporting use of the ECP with Russian adolescents. Similar to North American studies, results also indicated that shy/socially withdrawn Russian youth tended to be more excluded, report greater internalizing problems and were also more asocial than a comparison group. No differences were found …
Impacts Of Distraction On Driving: An Analysis Of Physical, Cognitive, And Emotional Distraction,
2015
Michigan Technological University
Impacts Of Distraction On Driving: An Analysis Of Physical, Cognitive, And Emotional Distraction, Jason Sterkenburg
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open
Traditionally, driver distraction has been categorized into four types: visual, biomechanical, auditory, and cognitive. However, the place of emotion in distracted driving research is undefined. This research investigates the influence of emotional distraction on driving performance. In total, seventy-eight participants were recruited and placed into one of four conditions: physical (visual-biomechanical), cognitive (cognitive- auditory), emotional (anger), and control. The results demonstrated that emotional distraction degrades driving performance as much as or more than other distraction types. The causes for these results, underlying mechanisms, and other considerations are mentioned in the discussion section.
Cortisol Levels And Voltage Conditions Of College Students,
2015
Walden University
Cortisol Levels And Voltage Conditions Of College Students, Adriana Steffens
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
There is a limited research base on low voltage brain conditions, which are characterized by electrical activity being measured at below 20 microvolts. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between saliva cortisol levels and voltage using an EGG in a college student population. Illuminating this relationship is important to inform how low voltage conditions can affect daily memory and cognitive functioning of undergraduate college students that may be a result of stress. The college student population may be vulnerable to the low voltage condition because of stress from the transition between teenage and adult life and …
The Window To The Bilingual Mind: Eye Movements Reveal Psycholinguistic Grain Unit Sizes Of Bilingual Spoken Word Recognition,
2015
University of Texas at El Paso
The Window To The Bilingual Mind: Eye Movements Reveal Psycholinguistic Grain Unit Sizes Of Bilingual Spoken Word Recognition, Yu-Cheng Lin
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Although there are common phonological units across different languages, previous studies have shown that individual differences of language proficiency affect sound unit preferences in monolingual and bilingual speakers. The cross-language lexical activation of phonological representations in bilingual minds can provide a great opportunity for testing hypotheses about how this key factor modulates the cross-linguistic phonological transfer across languages. In this study, I used the eye-tracking technique and quantitative methods (i.e., growth curve analysis and multilevel regression) to examine how individual differences in language proficiency affect cross-language phonological unit size transfer in Chinese-English bilinguals. Participants heard a spoken word and were …
Effects Of Headings On Processing Of Audio Texts,
2015
University of Kentucky
Effects Of Headings On Processing Of Audio Texts, Hung-Tao Chen
Theses and Dissertations--Psychology
Text-to-speech devices often do a poor job of translating signals such as headings from visual into audio mode. Previous research studies have attempted to address this problem but these studies have mainly used heading detection tasks. The current study seeks to investigate 1) whether listeners find the presence of audio headings useful in natural learning tasks, and 2) the type of heading rendering that is most useful in natural learning tasks. The three learning tasks in this study include note-taking, cued recall, and knowledge transfer. Results from this study reveal that listeners find audio headings useful in the note-taking task. …
The Gaze-Cueing Effect In The United States And Japan: Influence Of Cultural Differences In Cognitive Strategies On Control Of Attention,
2015
Old Dominion University
The Gaze-Cueing Effect In The United States And Japan: Influence Of Cultural Differences In Cognitive Strategies On Control Of Attention, Saki Takao, Yusuke Yamani, Atsunori Ariga
Psychology Faculty Publications
The direction of seen gaze automatically and exogenously guides visual spatial attention, a phenomenon termed as the gaze-cueing effect. Although this effect arises when the duration of stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) between a non-predictive gaze cue and the target is relatively long, no empirical research examined the factors underlying this extended cueing effect. Two experiments compared the gaze-cueing effect at longer SOAs (700 ms) in Japanese and American participants. Cross-cultural studies on cognition suggest that Westerners tend to use a context-independent analytical strategy to process visual environments, whereas Asians use a context-dependent holistic approach. We hypothesized that Japanese participants would …
The Role Of Cognitve Distortions In Adaptation To Disability And Perceived Quality Of Life In Spinal Cord Injury Survivors,
2015
Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine
The Role Of Cognitve Distortions In Adaptation To Disability And Perceived Quality Of Life In Spinal Cord Injury Survivors, Kerri M. Garruba
PCOM Psychology Dissertations
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a sudden, dramatic insult to the central nervous system that results in instant loss of sensory and/or motor function. In addition to physiological changes, survivors also endure both cognitive and emotional changes that increase susceptibility to depression, anxiety, and suicidality, all of which have been associated with cognitive distortions. This study sought to investigate the influence of cognitive distortions in relation to the ability to adapt to disability and establish a high quality of life among spinal cord injury survivors. Participants were 116 men and women living with spinal cord injury recruited via the …
