Translational Medical Research Commons^™

Improving Quit Rates For Tobacco-Dependent Hospitalized Patients, Marion G. Mann

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this project was to evaluate outcomes of an existing inpatient tobacco cessation counseling program with 30-day follow-up among recently admitted tobacco-dependent patients who were tobacco-dependent.

Background/Significance: Tobacco use is considered the number one most preventable cause of disease, disability, and death in the United States. Despite associated dangers, approximately 21% Americans currently smoke. This has led to increased hospital admissions and chronic disease management, costing the United States approximately $96 billion per year. Decades of research and evidence-based clinical practice guidelines substantiate that inpatient tobacco cessation counseling has the potential to improve quit rates post-hospital …

The International Effort: Building The Bridge For Translational Medicine: Report Of The 1st International Conference Of Translational Medicine (Ictm), Xiaoming Chen, Roland Andersson, William Cs Cho, David Christiani, Richard Coico, Jeffery Drazen, Markus Ege, Thomas Fehniger, Hongwei Gao, Kunlin Jin, Michael N. Liebman, Elena Lopez, Giuseppe Marraro, Gyorgy Marko-Varga, Francesco M. Marincola, Laurentiu M. Popescu, Claudio Spada, Aamir Shahzad, Ena Wang, Wei Wang, Xiangdong Wang, Yong-Xiao Wang, Jinglin Xia, Jia Qu

Research outputs 2012

Background : Supported by the International Society for Translational Medicine (ISTM), Wenzhou Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, the International Conference on Translational Medicine (ICTM) was held on October 22–23, 2011 in Wenzhou, China. Nearly 800 registrants attended the meeting, primarily representing institutes and hospitals in Europe, The United States of America, And Asia, and China. The meeting was chaired and organized by Dr. Xiangdong Wang, Xiaoming Chen, Richard Coico, Jeffrey M. Drazen, Richard Horton, Francesco M. Marincola, Laurentiu M. Popescu, Jia Qu and Aamir Shahzad.

Findings : The meeting focused on the communication of …

Clinical Coverage Of An Archetype Repository Over Snomed-Ct., Sheng Yu, Damon Berry, Jesus Bisbal

Articles

Clinical archetypes provide a means for health professionals to design what should be communicated as part of an Electronic Health Record (EHR). An ever-growing number of archetype definitions follow this health information modelling approach, and this international archetype resource will eventually cover a large number of clinical concepts. On the other hand, clinical terminology systems that can be referenced by archetypes also have a wide coverage over many types of health-care information.

No existing work measures the clinical content coverage of archetypes using terminology systems as a metric. Archetype authors require guidance to identify under-covered clinical areas that may need …

Adipose Tissue Extracellular Matrix And Vascular Abnormalities In Obesity And Insulin Resistance, Michael Spencer, Resat Unal, Beibei Zhu, Neda Rasouli, Robert E. Mcgehee Jr., Charlotte A. Peterson, Philip A. Kern

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

Context: Insulin resistance is associated with inflammation, fibrosis, and hypoxia in adipose tissue.

Objective: This study was intended to better characterize the extracellular matrix (ECM) and vascularity of insulin-resistant adipose tissue. Design: Adipose expression of collagens, elastin, and angiogenic factors was assessed using realtime RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in abdominal sc adipose tissue. Adipocyte-macrophage coculture experiments examined the effects of polarized macrophages on adipose ECM gene expression, and the effects of collagens were measured in an angiogenesis assay.

Participants and Setting: A total of 74 nondiabetic subjects participated at a University Clinical Research Center. Interventions: Interventions included baseline adipose biopsy …

Vaccine-Preventable Diseases And Foreign-Born Populations, Marc Altshuler, Md, Giang Nguyen, Md

Department of Family & Community Medicine Faculty Papers

Foreign-born individuals account for over 12% of the U.S. population, according to the most recent census data. Since many vaccine-preventable outbreaks in the U.S. have been correlated with disease importation, Congress has mandated vaccinations for numerous immigrant populations. It is essential for primary care physicians to be knowledgeable on the unique immunization-related needs of foreign-born individuals, to recognize some of the cultural and linguistic challenges that immigrants have accessing healthcare, and remember to use each medical encounter as an opportunity to provide necessary vaccinations.

Indigenous Beliefs About Biomedical And Bush Medicine Treatment Efficacy For Indigenous Cancer Patients: A Review Of The Literature, K. D. Schaik, S. C. Thompson

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

Background: Australia’s Indigenous people suffer from higher cancer mortality than non-Indigenous Australians, a discrepancy partly caused by differences in beliefs about treatment efficacy between Indigenous patients and their non-Indigenous healthcare providers. This paper critically reviews the literature associated with Indigenous beliefs about cancer treatment, both ‘bush medicine’ and biomedical, in order to provide recommendations to healthcare providers about accommodating Indigenous beliefs when treating cancer.

Methods: A search was undertaken of peer-reviewed journal papers using electronic databases and citation snowballing. Papers were selected for inclusion based upon relevance to themes that addressed the research questions. Results: Literature suggests that Indigenous beliefs …

Tp53 As A Biomarker In Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Thomas J. Ow Md

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Currently, there are no molecular biomarkers that guide treatment decisions for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Several retrospective studies have evaluated TP53 in HNSCC, and results have suggested that specific mutations are associated with poor outcome. However, there exists heterogeneity among these studies in the site and stage of disease of the patients reviewed, the treatments rendered, and methods of evaluating TP53 mutation. Thus, it remains unclear as to which patients and in which clinical settings TP53 mutation is most useful in predicting treatment failure.

In the current study, we reviewed the records of a cohort …

Cyberknife Radiation Modeling: Effects Of Relaxed Translational And Rotational Constraints On Healthy Tissue Irradiation, Sudha Bhavaroop Potineni

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The Cyberknife system is a robotic radio surgery instrument that is used to treat cancers in different parts of the human body. Because of its accuracy and precision, it has become one of the best radio surgery systems in the world. However, even with Cyberknife the treatment time for one session takes from 30 minutes up to 120 minutes depending on the size, shape, and position of the tumor in the human body. In this research, a solution is presented to aid in reducing this long treatment time. An algorithm is developed which simulates the amount of the healthy tissue …

Obesity And Other Predictors Of Absenteeism In Philadelphia School Children., Elizabeth B Rappaport, Constantine Daskalakis, Jocelyn Andrel

Department of Family & Community Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Limited data indicate that obese children are absent from school more than their normal-weight peers. We analyzed administrative data from a large urban school district to investigate the association of obesity and student sociodemographic characteristics with absenteeism.

METHODS: We analyzed 291,040 records, representing 165,056 unique students (grades 1-12). Obesity status was classified according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention age- and sex-specific percentiles for body mass index (BMI) and analyses were based on negative binomial regression.

RESULTS: Overall rates of overweight and obesity were 17% and 20%, respectively, and the estimated absence rate was 17 absences per 180 …

Obesity And Hepatosteatosis In Mice With Enhanced Oxidative Dna Damage Processing In Mitochondria, Haihong Zhang, Chenghui Xie, Horace J. Spencer, Chunlai Zuo, Masahiro Higuchi, Gouri Ranganathan, Philip A. Kern, Ming W. Chou, Qin Huang, Bartosz Szczesny, Sankar Mitra, Amanda J. Watson, Geoffrey P. Margison, Chun-Yang Fan

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

Mitochondria play critical roles in oxidative phosphorylation and energy metabolism. Increasing evidence supports that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and dysfunction play vital roles in the development of many mitochondria-related diseases, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, infertility, neurodegenerative disorders, and malignant tumors in humans. Human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) transgenic (TG) mice were produced by nuclear microinjection. Transgene integration was analyzed by PCR. Transgene expression was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Mitochondrial DNA damage was analyzed by mutational analyses and measurement of mtDNA copy number. Total fat content was measured by a whole-body scan using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The …

Global Gene Expression Profiles Of Subcutaneous Adipose And Muscle From Glucose-Tolerant, Insulin-Sensitive, And Insulin-Resistant Individuals Matched For Bmi, Steven C. Elbein, Philip A. Kern, Neda Rasouli, Aiwei Yao-Borengasser, Neeraj K. Sharma, Swapan K. Das

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE - To determine altered gene expression profiles in subcutaneous adipose and skeletal muscle from nondiabetic, insulin-resistant individuals compared with insulin-sensitive individuals matched for BMI.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - A total of 62 nondiabetic individuals were chosen for extremes of insulin sensitivity (31 insulin-resistant and 31 insulin-sensitive subjects; 40 were European American and 22 were African American) and matched for age and obesity measures. Global gene expression profiles were determined and compared between ethnic groups and between insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive participants individually and using gene-set enrichment analysis.

RESULTS - African American and European American subjects differed in 58 muscle …

Research Annual Report 2010, Children's Mercy Hospital

Research Annual Reports

Annual report of the research at Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.

Going Viral, Judy Diamond

World of Viruses

Science education is developing new and innovative means of communication that compete directly with global media to reach the ‘YouTube Generation’. The truly interdisciplinary team of the SEPA-funded World of Viruses project is discovering how best to spread the word.

KEY COLLABORATORS
Judy Diamond, Professor, University of Nebraska State Museum
Charles Wood, Director, Nebraska Center for Virology
Moira Rankin, President, Soundprint Media Center, Inc
Carl Zimmer, Science writer and author of WoV book of essays, A Planet of Viruses
David Uttal, Cognitive science professor, Northwestern University
Benjamin Jee, Cognitive scientist, College of Holy Cross
Tom Floyd, Comic illustrator, Nebraska Educational …

Obesity And Cancer Screening According To Race And Gender., Heather Bittner Fagan, Richard Wender, Ronald E Myers, Nicholas Petrelli

Department of Family & Community Medicine Faculty Papers

The relationship between obesity and cancer screening varies by screening test, race, and gender. Most studies on cervical cancer screening found a negative association between increasing weight and screening, and this negative association was most consistent in white women. Recent literature on mammography reports no association with weight. However, some studies show a negative association in white, but not black, women. In contrast, obese/overweight men reported higher rates of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. Comparison of prostate cancer screening, mammography, and Pap smears implies a gender difference in the relationship between screening behavior and weight. In colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, the …

End-Of-Life Care For Hospitalized Patients With Lung Cancer: Utilization Of A Palliative Care Service., Barbara Reville, M.S., Achpn, Marshal N Miller, B.S., Richard W Toner, M.S., Joanne Reifsnyder, Ph.D., Achpn

Department of Family & Community Medicine Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: High symptom burden and hospital mortality among patients with lung cancer argues for early palliative care intervention. Patient characteristics and discharge dispositions in hospitalized patients with lung cancer receiving usual care were compared to those referred to a new palliative care service.

METHODS: A retrospective database review of all lung cancer discharges receiving usual care (UC) and palliative care service (PCS) consultation was conducted. Demographics, length of stay, discharge disposition, and mortality were described and compared. Palliative Performance Scale scores were described according to discharge disposition in the PCS group. Disposition of all patients receiving either chemotherapy or surgery …

Transforming Chronic Care Education: A Longitudal Interprofessional Mentorship Curriculum, Lauren G. Collins, Md, Christine A. Arenson, Md, Christine Jerpbak, Md, Elena Umland, Pharmd, Stephen B. Kern, Phd, Otr/L, Faota, Leigh Ann Hewston, Pt, Med

Department of Family & Community Medicine Faculty Papers

Rationale:

Future state of academic medicine demands preparing students for collaborative, team-based practice.

Interprofessional education (IPE) is widely advocated as a key element to promote an effective redesigned healthcare system

Evidence and curricular resources describing effective IPE remain limited

Insulin Resistance In African-American And Caucasian Women: Differences In Lipotoxicity, Adipokines, And Gene Expression In Adipose Tissue And Muscle, Latasha M. Smith, Aiwei Yao-Borengasser, Tasha Starks, Mark Tripputi, Philip A. Kern, Neda Rasouli

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

Objectives: We tested whether African-American (AA) women are different from Caucasian women in regard to lipotoxicity, adipokines, and gene expression in adipose tissue and muscle.

Design: Insulin sensitivity (S_I), plasma adipocytokine levels, intramyocellular lipid (IMCL), and the expression of candidate genes in adipose tissue and muscle were measured in AA and Caucasian women.

Setting: This study was performed in an ambulatory general clinical research center.

Subjects: Subjects were healthy, nondiabetic AA and Caucasian women.

Interventions: There were no interventions.

Main Outcome Measures: Comparison of S_I, IMCL, plasma adiponectin, and the expression of candidate genes regulating adipogenesis, …

Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Is Increased In Obese Subjects And Decreases In Response To Pioglitazone, Resat Unal, Aiwei Yao-Borengasser, Vijayalakshmi Varma, Neda Rasouli, Craig Labbate, Philip A. Kern, Gouri Ranganathan

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

Context: The study investigated the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 in obesity-associated insulin resistance in humans.

Objectives: The objectives of the investigation were to study MMP-9 regulation by insulin resistance and pioglitazone treatment in impaired glucose tolerant subjects using adipose tissue biopsies and study the mechanism of MMP-9 regulation by pioglitazone in adipocyte cultures.

Research Design: 86 nondiabetic, weight-stable subjects between 21 and 66 yr of age were recruited in a university hospital research center setting. All subjects underwent a sc adipose tissue incisional biopsy from the lower abdominal wall and insulin sensitivity testing using a frequently sampled iv glucose …