Muscle Specific Era Overexpression Remodels Mitochondrial Cristae Architecture And Drives Mtdna Replication To Enhance Oxidative Metabolism,
2024
University of California, Los Angeles
Muscle Specific Era Overexpression Remodels Mitochondrial Cristae Architecture And Drives Mtdna Replication To Enhance Oxidative Metabolism, Karen Li, Bridgette Ryning, Noor Fahs, Noelle Morrow, Andrea Hevener
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Reduced estrogen action is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in both males and females. However, the tissues and cell-specific targets essential for estrogen-mediated effects on metabolism remain inadequately understood. We have previously shown that muscle-specific estrogen-recpeptor alpha (ERa) knockout reduces metabolism and insulin sensitivity and blunts adaptations to exercise training. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of skeletal muscle ERa overexpression on whole-body metabolism, exercise capacity, and mitochondrial function. METHODS: A tamoxifen-inducible and muscle-specific ERa overexpression model (mERaOE) was generated in male mice. Body weight was tracked and a glucose …
The Age Of Initial Pointe Training Has A Weak Positive Correlation With Menarche In Female Pre-Professional Ballet Dancers,
2024
Brigham Young University
The Age Of Initial Pointe Training Has A Weak Positive Correlation With Menarche In Female Pre-Professional Ballet Dancers, Jenna M. Dodson, Annie Smedley, Adrienne Henderson, Shayla Bott, Brenda Critchfield, A. Wayne Johnson
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
In the ballet community, there is significant pressure to start intensive and frequent training at a young age. For example, serious professional students often move away from home as teenagers to train at a ballet boarding school full-time. The sense of urgency in training stems from the relatively short careers of professional ballet dancers and the tendency of ballet companies to replace dancers quickly as they age or get injured. Specialized training so early in adolescence can lead to overuse injuries, psychological stress, and regret later in life. PURPOSE: We studied the impact of intense training (defined as start …
Investigating The Effect Of Fat Bar Attachments On Peak Velocity, Repetitions Until Failure, Energy Expenditure, And Respiratory Quotient In The Bench Pull Exercise,
2024
Utah Valley University
Investigating The Effect Of Fat Bar Attachments On Peak Velocity, Repetitions Until Failure, Energy Expenditure, And Respiratory Quotient In The Bench Pull Exercise, Robert R. Sawyer, Shane Draper, Anthony Ciccone, Tyler Standifird, Nicolas Clark
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
New methods of training in resistance exercise include the use of thick or “fat” bar attachments to promote forearm and grip strength. No study has investigated how these tools affect both acute biomechanical and physiological factors of barbell exercise. PURPOSE: Investigate the effect of using a thick barbell attachment (5.72 cm diameter) on peak velocity, repetitions until failure, total energy expenditure, and respiratory quotient during the bench pull exercise performed at 60% 1RM. METHODS: Six healthy resistance-trained college-aged men underwent three visits. First visit was used to calculate one-rep max (1RM) through force-velocity profiling. Second and third visits were randomized …
"Cued At First Sight": Evaluating The Influence Of Depth On Gaze Cues,
2024
California State University, San Bernardino
"Cued At First Sight": Evaluating The Influence Of Depth On Gaze Cues, Priscilla Jussicha, Malissa Hildreth, Tamara Rodriguez, Morgan Martin, Justin Castillo, April Karlinsky
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
When an individual provides a social cue, such as pointing or looking towards the left or right, an observer’s attention can involuntarily be drawn towards the cued location. Evidence for this social cueing effect comes from observers’ shorter reaction times (RTs) for targets at cued locations than at non-cued locations. However, it remains unknown whether observers are also sensitive to the depth of such social cues (in addition to the side of space indicated). Spatial depth refers to whether an area is relatively “near” or “far” from the observer. PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study was to determine whether …
Effects Of Blood Flow Restriction Training On Muscle Quality,
2024
Loyola Marymount University
Effects Of Blood Flow Restriction Training On Muscle Quality, Julia Burke, Jack Cadden, Lindsey Cho, Aaron Chou, Luke Honari, Chadney Lim, Todd Shoepe
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Blood flow restricted resistance training (B2RT) has been shown to enhance effectiveness of low-intensity resistance training. While B2RT is increasingly popular, its specific effects on muscle quality have yet to be specified. PURPOSE: The purpose of this intervention was to investigate the effects of B2RT on muscle quality (MQ) of biceps brachii, triceps brachii, biceps femoris, and rectus femoris. METHODS: 30 undergraduates (11M, 19F) were broken into control (CON, n=15, 21.1±2.1 years, 23.9±3.5 kg/m2) and B2RT (n=15, 19.9±1.4 years, 26.3±5.1 kg/m2) groups. Control maintained normal activity while B2RT participated in an 8-week B2RT training regimen consisting of 3 …
Investigation Into Chin-Force Of Violinists,
2024
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Investigation Into Chin-Force Of Violinists, Ciya Clyde, Miles Mercer, Julia Freedman Silvernail
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Pain and discomfort have become a routine part of life for many orchestral musicians. Violinists in particular experience high number of injuries in their upper body, including the neck, shoulders, and arms. Force applied to the instrument at the chin provides the stabilization of the instrument required for performance but may contribute to these injuries. Due to the scarcity of research on musicians' physical health, it is challenging to determine the sources of musculoskeletal injuries in violinists. Nonetheless, examining the force applied at the chin could serve as a valuable starting point for investigation. PURPOSE: To investigate how chin-force is …
Pilot Study: The Effect Of Weight Belts And Lifting Straps On Conventional Deadlift Performance,
2024
California State University, Long Beach
Pilot Study: The Effect Of Weight Belts And Lifting Straps On Conventional Deadlift Performance, Adam Zeidan, Christian Rogacion, Mason Caragao, Braeden Kraft, Kevin A. Valenzuela, Evan E. Schick
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Weight belts and lifting straps are frequently worn when performing deadlifts for their ergogenic advantages, but no prior research has examined their effects. Purpose: The pilot study investigated the effects of weight belts and lifting straps on deadlift performance variables. Methods: One male subject participated (age 26 years, 78kg, 1.73M) in four separate days, performing conventional deadlifts (CDL) under varying conditions. On day one, the subject performed the CDL without weight belts and lifting straps (RAW). The remaining sessions were randomized between using a weight belt only (BO), lifting straps only (SO), or both weight belt and lifting …
Differences In Joint Kinematics And Electromyography Activity Among The Conventional, Block, And Deficit Deadlifts,
2024
California State University, Long Beach
Differences In Joint Kinematics And Electromyography Activity Among The Conventional, Block, And Deficit Deadlifts, Christian R. Rogacion, Evan E. Schick, Joshua A. Cotter, Kevin Valenzuela
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
The conventional deadlift (CDL) is a commonly used lower-body exercise that utilizes the legs, hips, back, and trunk muscles. The block deadlift (BDL) and the deficit deadlift (DDL) are two variations that alter the starting position and height of a deadlift, however, there is a lack of literature that examines both. PURPOSE: To quantify and compare joint kinematics and peak muscle activation differences between a CDL, BDL, and DDL. METHODS: Twenty total resistance-trained male and female participants (25.1 ± 3.6 yrs old, 81.0 ± 15.2 kg) performed a one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the CDL on day one. At …
The Influence Of Anticipation On Landing Error Scoring System Performance,
2024
California State University, San Bernardino
The Influence Of Anticipation On Landing Error Scoring System Performance, Luis J. Valadez, Dominick J. Cece-Sherley, Marisol Valenzuela, Monica X. Cortes, Warren O. Forbes
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
The Landing Error Score System (LESS) is a field assessment tool that can help identify biomechanics during a drop jump task that predispose an athlete to an increased risk of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury. While the LESS has shown to be valid and reliable, the pre-planned, anticipatory nature of the drop jump task during the LESS is not indicative of the movement strategies present in many sport settings. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of anticipation on landing error scoring system performance. METHODS: Twenty-two individuals participated in this study. Anticipated jumping trials consisted of …
Does Resistance Exercise Induce Differential Relationships Between Muscle And Brain Oxygenation In Trained Versus Untrained Individuals?,
2024
California State University, Los Angeles
Does Resistance Exercise Induce Differential Relationships Between Muscle And Brain Oxygenation In Trained Versus Untrained Individuals?, Amelia Ybarra, Aqueen Lenon, Stefan Keslacy
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
While the benefits of resistance training for muscles are well-documented, its effects on brain activity are less known. PURPOSE: to investigate the changes in oxygenation levels in the brain and muscles during resistance training, comparing these effects between trained and sedentary individuals. METHODS: Eight participants were recruited, four untrained and four athletes. The bench press protocol included one set of twelve repetitions at a weight corresponding to a Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) of 6. Oxygenation levels in cortex and the right triceps muscle were continuously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) (Oxymon). Blood pressure was measured continuously using a finger …
Effects Of Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Training On Muscle Thickness And Quality,
2024
Loyola Marymount University
Effects Of Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Training On Muscle Thickness And Quality, Chadney Lim, Julia Burke, Jack Cadden, Lindsey Cho, Luke Honari, Chadney Lim, Todd Shoepe
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
By decreasing venous drainage, blood flow restriction in combination with resistance exercise (BFR), stimulates similar signals of fatigue and adaptation at much lower intensity than standard training. PURPOSE: The purpose was to study the effects of BFR on muscle thickness and muscle quality (MQ: strength/unit muscle) following an 8-week intervention. METHODS: 13 male and 17 female college students were recruited and placed in control (CON; n=13) or BFR (n=17) groups who completed training 3x/week, at 50% of occlusion pressure, using 20% of one-repetition maximum, for four compound exercises at 30, 15, 15, and 15 reps. Images captured with Terason …
Is Muscle Fatigue Associated With Increased Cerebral Oxygenation During Resistance Training?,
2024
California State University, Los Angeles
Is Muscle Fatigue Associated With Increased Cerebral Oxygenation During Resistance Training?, Aqueen Lenon, Amelia Ybarra, Stefan Keslacy
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Fatigue limits performance during resistance training by directly impairing muscle function and brain activity. Does muscle fatigue correspond to changes in brain activity? PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to determine the relatipnship between brain and muscle oxygenation during exercise-induced muscle fatigue between sedentary and athletes. METHODS: Eight participants, four sedentary and four athletes, were included. The protocol was four sets of twelve repetitions of the bench press, with the weight adjusted to induce failure on the final set. Oxygenation levels in the left prefrontal cortex and the right triceps muscle were continuously monitored using near-infrared spectroscopy …
Effects Of Blood Flow Restriction Training On Body Composition Parameters,
2024
Loyola Marymount University
Effects Of Blood Flow Restriction Training On Body Composition Parameters, Daniel Orr, Christina Paulazzo, Jaeden Danko, Joseph Le, Luke Liccini, Miguel Vazquez, Todd Shoepe
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Blood flow occlusion with restriction training (BFR) promotes muscle hypertrophy and strength while exercising at lower intensities than traditional training. BFR involves cuffs that restrict venous blood flow while permitting arterial flow to stimulate signaling pathways associated with metabolic stress and muscle fatigue. PURPOSE: The aim was to determine the effects of BFR on total fat mass (TFM), percent body fat (%BF), and total lean mass (TLM). METHODS: 42 college-aged participants (20.6±1.9 years, 23.4± 3.3 kg/m2) were separated into a control (n=18) or BFR group (n=24). Whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed before and after the BFR …
Wearing Cleats Influences Post Exercise Blood Flow To The Foot,
2024
Brigham Young University
Wearing Cleats Influences Post Exercise Blood Flow To The Foot, Kassity D. Clay, Chase Tomlinson, Mel Harsh, Abigail Wardle, Tyler Burbank, Benjamin J. Smedley, Adam Ranck, Ulrike Mitchell, Aaron W. Johnson
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Common footwear for field-based athletes often includes cleats, which are typically tight and restrictive. This could reduce blood flow to the foot, potentially compromising the health of structures like the plantar fascia and lead to fasciopathy. PURPOSE: Investigate the influence of wearing cleats on reduced blood flow to the foot via the posterior tibial artery (PTA) after exercise, comparing shod versus unshod conditions. METHODS: 19 individuals (female n= 7; age= 22.7 ±2.0 yrs; weight= 70.3 ±8.8 kg; height= 175.1 ±8.5 cm) with no lower extremity injuries completed a 40-minute data collection session on two separate days, one week …
Comparison Of Energy Expenditure During Virtual Reality Exercise And Outdoor Exercise,
2024
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Comparison Of Energy Expenditure During Virtual Reality Exercise And Outdoor Exercise, Devin M. Green, Myranda Peck, Olivia R. Perez, Eric Lambert, Setareh Zarei, Lijie Zhou, James W. Navalta, Jeffrey Cowley
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Human motor control and physiological responses to virtual activities have been largely unquantified. The aim of this study was to compare virtual (VR) and outdoor (OUT) walks of the same distance. There is a growing need to understand how humans experience different modes of virtual activity, so appropriate recommendations for virtual exercise can be given and improve virtual experiences. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure and compare how individuals walk in virtual reality (VR) compared to real life, as well as to evaluate energy expenditure and substrate utilization in the form of fats and carbohydrates. METHODS …
The Farmers Handle Loaded Carry Increases Peripheral Blood Pressure But The Zercher Carry Increases Vascular Stiffness,
2024
California State University, San Marcos
The Farmers Handle Loaded Carry Increases Peripheral Blood Pressure But The Zercher Carry Increases Vascular Stiffness, Brianna Wheelock, Natalya Tasevski, Miranda Grzywaczewski, Marissa Flannery, Deborah L. Feairheller
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Governing bodies continue to recommend both aerobic and resistance training as part of lifestyle modification, and it is known that exercise is medicine. Load carriage is an activity of daily living, can be an occupational risk, and is a popular method of resistance training. The type of carry could be related to different vascular responses, which may be related to cardiovascular risk. When professionals recommend exercise programs, consideration of the vascular responses in relation to type of carry is important in order to reduce potential risk. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess vascular health and blood …
Comparing Vascular Measures In Active And Inactive Females With Anterior Or Lateral T-Wave Inversions,
2024
California State University, San Marcos
Comparing Vascular Measures In Active And Inactive Females With Anterior Or Lateral T-Wave Inversions, Natalya Tasevski, Brianna Wheelock, Deborah L. Feairheller
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
The presence of T-wave inversions in anterior or lateral leads on an electrocardiogram (ECG) can indicate a range of conditions, from benign to serious, such as myocardial ischemia. While ECG is not a routine screening tool for athletes, and T-wave inversions in anterior or lateral leads are not typically used as the primary diagnostic tool, integrating this with noninvasive vascular health measures like Augmentation Index (Alx@75) and Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) could provide valuable insights. Both Alx@75 and PWV are measures of arterial stiffness and thus related to cardiovascular risk. Cardiac screening in active and athletic females is under-researched, so …
Aerobic Fitness Outperforms Body Composition In Predicting Acft Scores Among Rotc Cadets And Active Military Personnel,
2024
Grand Canyon University
Aerobic Fitness Outperforms Body Composition In Predicting Acft Scores Among Rotc Cadets And Active Military Personnel, Megan Bratetic, Jake Laufenberg, Kaitlyn Wabakken, Anthony Acevedo, Spencer Posey Sgt, Zachary Zeigler
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
The use of body composition to determine readiness for military engagement has been contentious. Body composition is just one of many variables that may impact a soldier's readiness to serve. Aerobic capacity also predicts ACFT scores. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine if high aerobic fitness is a better predictor of ACFT scores in ROTC cadets and active military than body composition. METHODS: ROTC and active military cadets completed the 6-event ACFT (3-repetition maximum trap-bar deadlift, standing power toss, hand-release pushups, sprint-drag-carry shuttle run, plank, and 2-mile run. The cadets were invited into the laboratory …
The Effect Of Percussive Massage On Skeletal Muscle Atrophy During Limb Immobilization,
2024
Brigham Young University
The Effect Of Percussive Massage On Skeletal Muscle Atrophy During Limb Immobilization, Austin D. Cox, Robert Hyldahl, David Kofoed, James Bartling
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Muscle disuse and subsequent muscle loss are common consequences of injury. Various forms of skeletal muscle mechanical stimulation have been found to be helpful in preserving muscle mass and function during disuse. Recently, percussive massage devices have become popular devices for the application of mechanical stimulation. PURPOSE: This study investigated the potential benefits of percussive massage to mitigate muscle loss during a period of limb immobilization. METHODS: Seventeen healthy young adults (ages 18-35) underwent a 10-day period of immoblization of the right leg. Participants were randomly assigned to either a percussive massage group (n=9), receiving twice-daily 20-minute sessions on …
Speed Has No Correlation To Muscle Volume Of Hip Flexors And Tibialis Anterior Muscles In Division L Football Athletes,
2024
Brigham Young University
Speed Has No Correlation To Muscle Volume Of Hip Flexors And Tibialis Anterior Muscles In Division L Football Athletes, Isaiah B. Guymon, Malorie Wilwand, Steven P. Allen, B. Brett Mortensen, Aaron W. Johnson
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
In American football (AF) a desirable trait is sprint speed that leads to success such as increased touchdowns, yards gained, and number of sacks. Researchers suggest training programs can improve an athletes’ sprint speed. Considering the swing to stance phases, the hip flexors (HF) and tibialis anterior (TA) may impact an athletes’ speed. The HF initiates the swing phase, while the TA muscle dorsiflexes the foot allowing the toes to clear the ground. PURPOSE: To determine if there is a correlation between collegiate football athlete's speed and the muscle volume (MV) of HF and TA muscles. METHODS: This study …
