Sports Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Different Collegiate Sports On Cortical Bone In The Tibia, L. A. Weidauer, M. M. Eilers, T. L. Binkley, M. D. Vukovich, B. L. Specker

Health and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sports participation on cortical bone in the tibia. Methods: 53 female collegiate athletes (25 cross-country, 16 soccer, and 12 volleyball) and 20 inactive controls had the left distal 20% tibia scanned by pQCT. Cortical volumetric BMD (vBMD) was measured within the cortical shell at the anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral regions and standard deviations were calculated. Results: Total vBMD was greater in the control group (1161±5 mg/mm3) than each of the sports (p<0.05). Soccer players (1147±5 mg/mm3) had greater vBMD than volleyball players (1136±7 mg/mm3) (p<0.05), but similar to cross-country runners (1145±5 mg/mm3). Cortical thickness was greatest in soccer players (4.1±0.1 mm), while cross-country and control subjects (3.8±0.1 mm) had greater thickness than volleyball players (3.4±0.1 mm)(p<0.05). Periosteal circumference was greater in volleyball players (71±1.4 mm) than soccer, cross-country, and control subjects (68±0.9, 69±0.8, and 66±1 mm, respectively; all, p<0.05). vBMD variation within the cortical shell was greater among control subjects (70±6 mg/cm3) than each of the athlete groups, with soccer players having lower variation than cross country runners (within-in person SD 36±6 mg/cm3 and 54±5 mg/cm3 respectively; p<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate bone geometry and distribution within the cortical shell of the tibia …

Comparing Thigh Muscle Cross-Sectional Area And Squat Strength Among National Class Olympic Weightlifters, Power Lifters, And Bodybuilders, James J. Di Naso, Brian L. Pritschet, John D. Emmett, Jill W. Owen, Jeffrey Willardson, Travis W. Beck, Jason M. Defreitas, Fabio E. Fontana

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

Few studies have compared anthropometric characteristics among national class athletes from different resistance training disciplines, such as Olympic Weightlifting (OL), Power Lifting (PL), and Bodybuilding (BB). Objective: The purpose of the current study was to determine if significant differences exist in the relationship between thigh muscle cross-sectional area and back squat strength among national class athletes from the sports of OL, PL, and BB. Methods: Fifteen national class athletes were assessed for back squat strength, mid-thigh circumference, and mid-thigh skinfold from which total thigh cross-sectional was estimated. A series of One-Way ANOVAs and Pearson Product Moment Correlations were used to …

Near Infrared Spectroscopic Monitoring During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Detects Anaerobic Threshold, Rohit P. Rao, Michael J. Danduran, J. E. Dixon, Rohit S. Loomba, George M. Hoffman

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides assessment of the integrative responses involving the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and skeletal muscle systems. Application of exercise testing remains limited to children who are able to understand and cooperate with the exercise protocol. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides a noninvasive, continuous method to monitor regional tissue oxygenation (rSO2). Our specific aim was to predict anaerobic threshold (AT) during CPET noninvasively using two-site NIRS monitoring. Achievement of a practical noninvasive technology for estimating AT will increase the compatibility of CPET. Patients without structural or acquired heart disease were eligible for inclusion if they were ordered to undergo CPET …

Golf: An Alternative Form Of Physical Activity For An Aging Population, Lisa Richardson

Honors Theses

It has been found that breaking an exercise into multiple ten minute bouts can provide the same results as a lump bout of the same time (American College of Sports Medicine, 2010). Though little research has been done on its effectiveness as a modality of physical activity, golf, due to the considerable amounts of walking involved and the social and leisure nature of the game, could be used as an option of physical activity for older adults. In this literature review, the primary goal is to investigate the literature regarding how much energy an older adult could predictably expend while …

Predictors Of 3pq And Quickboard Performance In Power-Oriented Collegiate Athletes, Brendan Putney

Honors Scholar Theses

The measuring of athletic performance via pre participation experiments has been the norm for a long time from high school sports, all the way to professional athletics. These tests help gauge an athlete's physical growth over the offseason, as well as aid in predicting their potential performance in the future. However, performance may diminish as multiple maximum effort assessments are completed due to fatigue. The purpose of this study was to examine targeted assessments for possible novel qualities as performance predictors. Baseline data was taken from a larger performance enhancement study for analysis. Twenty-six men (age: 25+4 yr; height 1.78+0.07m; …

Examination Of Preseason Hydration Strategy Of Ncaa Division I Men's Soccer Athletes, Lesley Willis

Master's Theses

Context: Dehydration can have negative effects on performance and mood during intense exercise.

Objective: To examine a soccer program to determine the effectiveness of their hydration protocol during preseason training.

Design: 9-day mixed methods study of preseason training sessions (97.3±21.3 min) and scrimmages (123±14.1 min) for men’s soccer athletes on an NCAA division I soccer team with post-hoc interviews of staff members.

Setting: Outdoor soccer field and indoor training facility.

Participants:21 male NCAA division I soccer athletes (age 20±1 years, height 187.5±2 cm).

Main Outcome Measures: Hydration (BML ,U_col­, USG, U_osmo), Mood (thirst, thermal, ESQ, POMS), …

Hip Abductor Strength And Hip External Rotator Strength Effects On Medial Knee Displacement In Post Pubescent Females, Megan A. Barry

Master's Theses

ABSTRACT

Hip Abductor Strength and Hip External Rotator Strength Effects on Medial Knee Displacement in Post-Pubescent Females

Megan A. Barry, University of Connecticut

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between hip abductor (ABD) and hip external rotator (ER) strength with medial knee displacement (MKD) when in post-pubescent high school female athletes.

Methods: Twenty-five post-pubescent high school female athletes (age= 16 ±1, mass= 58.6 kg ± 7.4 kg, height= 166 cm ± 8 cm) volunteered to participate in this study. Maximal isometric hip ABD and ER strength were measured using hand-held dynamometry, and MKD …

Sudden Death In Sport At The Secondary School Level: A Perspective Of The Head Football Coach, Benjamin Mcgrath

Master's Theses

Context: Prior research has examined the first aid knowledge and decision making among high school coaches, but little is known about their knowledge of sudden death in sport or their relationship with an athletic trainer. Objective: Evaluate the knowledge of the secondary school football coach regarding sudden death in sport and their relationship with their athletic trainer. Results: There were four themes from the data: level of preparedness, misconceptions about sudden death in sport, activity modification strategies, and positive coach/athletic trainer relationships. Conclusion: The secondary coach is unaware of the potential causes of sudden death in sport …

The Effect Of Different Set-Repetition Protocols On Squat Technique In Resistance Trained Individuals, Ashley Pandit

Master's Theses

The effect of different set-repetition protocols on squat technique in resistance trained individuals.

Pandit, AL, Kraemer, WJ, Hooper, DR.

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation is to determine whether or not the increase in repetitions within a set will change the technique of the exercise, and how repetition number in a set affects exercise technique in resistance trained individuals in three different set-repetition protocols equated by total volume.

Methods: 10 men (24.3 ± 2.8 yrs; 179.7 ± 5.7 cm; 85.5 ± 12.5 kg) and 10 women (23.9 ± 2.4 yrs; 166.2 ± 9.1 cm; 66.8 ± 8.4 kg) were the …

A Comparison Of Three Bicycle Pedal Types And Power Output, Brandon Kuhn

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

The purpose of this study was to examine the power output over a 30-second maximum effort bicycle sprint with three different pedal types; clipless, toe-strap, and flat. The participants for this investigation were eight (7 males and 1 female) mountain bikers with ages between 20 and 55 ( Age = 40) from the Central Kansas Mountain Bike Club. Each participant was required to provide his or her own bicycle and the researchers provided the training stand, Saris CycleOps PowerTap rear wheel, and Garmin Edge 500 cycling computer used for data collection. Testing procedure consisted of a warmup, 30- second maximal …

The Culture Of Risk, Pain, And Injury Among Certified Athletic Trainers, Anastasia Elizabeth Nemec

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

INTRODUCTION: Athletes who participate in sport experience the risk of pain and injury. In today’s sports culture, playing with pain and injury has been normalized, which can leave athletes with severe chronic injury, incessant pain, and potential irreversible damage. Certified athletic trainers (ATCs) uphold a professional responsibility to manage injuries and care for the health of athletes under their attention. According to Nixon (1992), ATCs are members of a social network found in sport, called a “sportsnet.” Nixon has blamed sportsnet members, including ATCs, for the normalization of injury in sport - a charge that contradicts ATCs’ standards of practice …

Kinesio Taping On Short-Term Changes In Shoulder Strength In Healthy Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Dario A. Callegari, Cristobal E. Cordova, Julia R. Dunievitz

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Study Type: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction:

Kinesio tape is an elastic tape used in various settings and it is purported to assist in strengthening weakened muscles. The mechanism behind this claim is neuromuscular facilitation. The purpose of this study was to determine if the claims of Kinesio tape would be supported in its role in strength enhancing properties.

Methods:

Twenty-nine healthy, untrained male and female college-aged individuals participated in this study. Two baseline measurements assessing shoulder external rotation (ER) strength were collected using isokinetic dynamometry. Subjects were then randomized into two groups, Kinesio tape with ER strengthening (KT-Ex) and …

The Effect Of The Environment On Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 2 (Scat2) Scores, Deanna Smith

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

With the incidence of concussion in sport on the rise, it is crucial that the concussion assessment tools utilized by health care professionals be accurately administered in the appropriate setting. It may be important to consider the environment of test administration between baseline and post-injury assessment to allow appropriate return to play decisions. At present, there is limited research on the effect of testing environment on Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 2 (SCAT2) baseline scores. Our objective for the study was to investigate if testing environment affects SCAT2 scores in healthy male collegiate club lacrosse players and healthy female club soccer …

Active Recovery And Electro-Muscular Stimulation On Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness After Endurance Running: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Amanda J. Gramly, Kitrick C. Rhodes, Andrea F. Smith

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Background/Purpose: Current research on strategies to decrease delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) has focused on the effects of active and passive recovery on athletic performance across various sports, but there is little evidence regarding these recoveries at reducing DOMS induced by aerobic activities, such as running. In addition, there is limited research regarding the efficacy of recovery using electro-muscular stimulation (EMS). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of active and EMS recovery in decreasing DOMS. Subjects: Forty-eight healthy subjects (25 males and 23 females) between the ages of 20 and 40 (25.1 ± 2.9) participated. …

Foot Volume Change During Long Distance Running In Healthy Adults, Meghan Boni, Istvan Takacs, Rebecca Wilson

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Background and purpose: Healthy adults frequently engage in running as a means of cardiovascular exercise. Larger running shoes are often chosen based on common beliefs that feet swell during running, yet many continue to encounter foot injuries, such as blisters, as a result of this activity. Previous research has analyzed the changes in foot volume during short bouts of activity. However, there has been limited research on the effect of long distance running on foot volume, which is where many of these injuries are seen. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of long distance running, defined …

Duration Of The Effects Of Three Static Stretching Conditions With Or Without A Dynamic Warm-Up In College Age Adults, Spencer Blackwell, Andrew Blomberg, Jonathan Griffith

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the stretching duration (15, 30, 60 seconds) with or without a dynamic warm-up that resulted in the longest lasting acute effects in hamstring flexibility.

Subjects. Forty subjects (17 male, 23 female) (age: 20-35 years) were selected to participate in this study using a sample of convenience from university graduate students.

Methods. This study contained 7 treatment conditions in which each subject completed in random order. Three groups consisted of a 5-minute treadmill warm-up at a self-selected velocity (SSV) followed by one of three stretching durations (15, 30, or 60 sec). …

The Capability Of The Functional Movement Screen To Predict Injury In Division I Male And Female Track And Field Athletes, Brent Matthew Appel

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Track and field, formally know as athletics, formed part of the first Olympics in 776 BC and was included in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 (Quercetany, 2000). Ever since the creation of this sport, sport related injury has followed. The inevitability of musculoskeletal injury associated with sports in general is well known amongst its participants, and the people who research it. According to the NCAA Injury Surveillance System, a sixteen year sampling period (1988 through 2004), recorded 182,000 injuries (Hootman, Dick, & Agel, 2007). Despite the risk for injury, people continue to participate in track and field. During …

How Ioc’S Pound Sees Anti-Doping, Marketing Efforts Evolving, Rick Burton, Norm O'Relly

Sport Management - All Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Rpe And Mode Of Exercise, Victoria Helmus

Honors Theses

The American College of Sports Medicine currently recommends that all individuals age 18-65 perform vigorous aerobic activity for at least 20 minutes 3 days a week, or moderate intensity aerobic activity for at least 30 minutes 5 days a week. Activities that fall under this category include, but are not limited to walking, running, cycling, swimming and elliptical machines. When an individual exercises, they have a sense of what their intensity level is based on how they 'feel'. Ratings of Perceived Exertion charts serve as a guide for this subjective thought process. There are wide ranges of intensities associated with …

Red Chairs And Green Monsters: The Evolution Of Fan Culture In Boston Baseball, Kristina Mclane '12

Honor Scholar Theses

No abstract provided.