Sports Sciences Commons^™

A Review Of Stretching Techniques And Their Effects On Exercise, Cassandra M. Bernhart

Senior Honors Theses

The role of flexibility in exercise performance is a widely debated topic in the exercise science field. In recent years, there has been a shift in the beliefs regarding traditional benefits and appropriate application of static stretching. Static stretching has previously been proposed to increase exercise performance and reduce the risk of injury, however recent research does not support this belief consistently and may even suggest conflicting viewpoints. Several types of stretching methods have also been promoted including proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching, AIS, and dynamic, and ballistic stretching. The role of flexibility in exercise performance continues to be researched …

Role Of Satellite Cells In Long Term Fiber Type Shifts, Honglu Liu

Lewis Honors College Capstone Collection

Muscle fiber type shifts in respect to satellite cells, muscle stem cells, are not well understood currently. The Peterson Lab has generated a mouse model (PAX7-DTA) that ablates satellite cells to determine if these muscle stem cells contribute to mouse muscle fiber type changes over an eight week period. In the study, control and satellite-cell-ablated mouse groups were split into control and overload groups (via synergist ablation surgery) and placed under similar environmental conditions. Eight weeks post-experiment, muscles were dissected to obtain the plantaris muscles of animals from all groups. Muscle cross-sections obtained were immunohistochemically stained, imaged, quantified by fiber …

Nfl: The World Of Technology?: How Technology Made The Nfl The Cash Cows Of The Sports World, Jaron A. Moody

Senior Seminars

Sports coverage is highly focused on the image of the sport and how the fans experience the sport. Technology plays a huge part of that. The technology that's used to maintain the display of the game as well as the technology that holds the statistics that keeps fans fully aware about what's going on in the game. The IT department has to work with programmers to create these programs and they have to keep them up to date. Without this, the experience of watching sports on television would decrease rapidly which would send the value of the NFL to a …

The Effect Of Radiation On Myofiber Properties In Mouse Skeletal Muscle, Dennis K. Fix

Theses and Dissertations

Radiotherapy has been proven as an effective and necessary treatment for cancer. The dose given is dependent on cancer type and location. It has been previously established that skeletal muscle is the most radiation tolerant tissue in the body. With that being said there is a current gap in the literature that is missing the effect of radiation doses on the histological properties of skeletal muscle. The overall purpose of this study is to determine the effect that a single unfractionated dose of 16Gy radiation has on histological properties of myofibers when compared to 4 fractionated doses of 4Gy . …

Technology Use In The National Basketball Association: How Technology And Communication Has Changed, Katie Hottinger

Senior Seminars

No abstract provided.

Physiological Muscle Qualitative Changes In Response To Resistance Training In Older Adults, Tyler Scanlon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Muscle function is determined by structure and morphology at the architectural level. In response to resistance training, older adults have demonstrated that the neuromuscular system has a substantial adaptability, which may compensate for muscle size and quality and lead to improved functional capacities and higher quality of life. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of six weeks of progressive resistance exercise on muscle morphology and architecture in healthy older adults. METHODS: Twenty- five healthy men and women were randomly assigned to either six weeks of progressive resistance training (RT) (n=13; age = 71.08 ± 6.75, …

The Effects Of 6-Weeks Of Resistance Training On The Neuromuscular Fatigue Threshold In Older Adults, Nadia Emerson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Age-related deficits in muscle mass, strength, and function place an increased burden of work on existing skeletal muscle and may lead to early onset of neuromuscular fatigue (NMF) during activities of daily living. Resistance exercise (RE) is the proven method for improving neuromuscular function in healthy older adults. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of 6 weeks of RE on the NMF threshold as well as strength and functional performance in older adults. METHODS: Twenty-four older adults were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of RE (EXE; n = 12; age 72 ± 6.3 y; BMI 28.4 kg/m2 ) or control (CONT; …

Alterations In Visual Processing And Its Impact On Upright Postural Stability In Athletes Following Sport-Related Concussion, Andrea E. Cripps

Theses and Dissertations--Rehabilitation Sciences

Athletes are at risk of sustaining a concussion in all sports and at all competitive levels which may lead to balance impairments. Balance results from the integration of visual, vestibular, and somatosensory information. The underlying pathophysiology for balance impairments is not well understood and visuo-motor processing impairments and how these impairments contribute to balance in concussed athletes has not been reported. Objectives: (1) to investigate the influence of visual perturbation on upright postural stability and balance in athletes who have recently suffered a sports-related concussion, (2) to establish the test-retest reliability of a simple visuo-motor processing task. Design: A longitudinal, …

Disordered Eating Habits And Behaviors Among Elite Collegiate Athletes, Ann M. Armes

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

Eating disorders and disordered eating habits and behaviors were measured using the Eating Disorders Inventory-3 Referral Form (EDI-3 RF). The sample consisted of 159 elite, collegiate student athletes, males and females, aged 18 to 22. Five sports were represented, including basketball, gymnastics, soccer, swimming & diving, and volleyball. Overall, findings support the position that athletes, as a distinct population, and specifically female athletes and those that participate in lean sports, are at an increased risk for disordered eating behaviors and diagnosable eating disorders. Of the 159 total athletes that completed the questionnaire, 33% (n=53) of the athletes sampled met one …

Baseball Media Guide 2013, Indiana State University

Intercollegiate Athletics

No abstract provided.

Case Study Of 2008 Beijing Olympics, Gina-Marie Dipierro

Whittier Scholars Program

The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games was one of the most highly anticipated mega sporting events of the last century. Three billion people worldwide were expected to watch the opening ceremonies. In an international poll, 90% of adults planned on turning their television sets to games. Tourism experts predicted that approximately 2 million tourists would flock to Beijing within the two-week time period of the games, with an estimated 500,000 of these visitors coming from overseas. China invested $42 billion dollars, and time into preparing the city for the competition. China looked to use the games to catapult them into being …

A Review Of Cricket Fielding Requirements, D Macdonald, John B. Cronin, J Mills, Michael Mcguigan, R Stretch

Research outputs 2013

Cricket is played in three formats at elite level: Test, One Day and Twenty20. Fielding is an important component of cricket, as all players are obliged to field. However, there is a paucity of literature on fielding compared with that on batting and bowling. We review the available literature in terms of technical, mental, physiological and physical factors important to fielding, to identify knowledge gaps and better understand the performance requirements of fielding in cricket.

Predicting Optimal Cancer Rehabilitation And Supportive Care (Polaris): Rationale And Design For Meta-Analyses Of Individual Patient Data Of Randomized Controlled Trials That Evaluate The Effect Of Physical Activity And Psychosocial Interventions On Health-Related Quality Of Life In Cancer Survivors, Laurien M. Buffart, Joeri Kalter, Mai Jm Chinapaw, Martijn W. Heymans, Neil K. Aaronson, Kerry S. Courneya, Paul B. Jacobsen, Robert Newton, Irma M. Verdonck-De Leeuw, Johannes Brug

Research outputs 2013

Effective interventions to improve quality of life of cancer survivors are essential. Numerous randomized controlled trials have evaluated the effects of physical activity or psychosocial interventions on health-related quality of life of cancer survivors, with generally small sample sizes and modest effects. Better targeted interventions may result in larger effects. To realize such targeted interventions, we must determine which interventions that are presently available work for which patients, and what the underlying mechanisms are (that is, the moderators and mediators of physical activity and psychosocial interventions). Individual patient data meta-analysis has been described as the ‘gold standard’ of systematic review …

A Lower Limb Assessment Tool For Athletes At Risk Of Developing Patellar Tendinopathy, Kerry Mann, Suzi Edwards, Eric J. Drinkwater, Stephen Bird

Research outputs 2013

Achilles tendinopathy is a common injury in running sports however the exact etiology of Achilles injury is still unclear. In recent years, altered neuromotor recruitment patterns of the triceps surae have been hypothesized to create differential intra-tendinous loads leading to pathology; however, this hypothesis has not been investigated. Further, the effect foot orthoses may have on neuromotor recruitment of the triceps surae in Achilles tendinopathy has not been investigated. Methods: The electromyographic activity of the triceps surae was recorded during an over-ground running task. Fifteen Achilles injured participants and 19 asymptomatic controls were assessed in a footwear only condition. The …

Considerations For The Development Of Agility During Childhood And Adolescence, R. S. Lloyd, P. Read, J. L. Oliver, R. W. Meyers, Sophia Nimphius, I. Jeffreys

Research outputs 2013

Despite being recognized as an essential component of sports performance, agility development in youths is largely under-researched. this article reviews the evidence examining the effects of growth, maturation and training on both change of direction speed and cognitive processing in children and adolescents, and how combined, these factors may influence agility. training guidelines are provided to help strength and conditioning coaches prescribe agility training for youths at different stages of maturation, in a safe and effective manner.

Activity Profiles And Demands Of Seasonal And Tournament Basketball Competition, Markus J. Klusemann, David B. Pyne, Will G. Hopkins, Eric J. Drinkwater

Research outputs 2013

Competition-specific conditioning for tournament basketball games is challenging, as the demands of tournament formats are not well characterized.

Purpose: To compare the physical, physiological, and tactical demands of seasonal and tournament basketball competition and determine the pattern of changes within an international tournament.

Methods: Eight elite junior male basketball players (age 17.8 ± 0.2 y, height 1.93 ± 0.07 m, mass 85 ± 3 kg; mean ± SD) were monitored in 6 seasonal games played over 4 mo in an Australian second-division national league and in 7 games of an international under-18 tournament played over 8 days. Movement patterns and …

Pedal Force Effectiveness In Cycling: A Review Of Constraints And Training Effects, Rodrigo Bini, Patria Hume, James L. Croft, Andrew Kilding

Research outputs 2013

Pedal force effectiveness in cycling is usually measured by the ratio of force perpendicular to the crank (effective force) and total force applied to the pedal (resultant force). Most studies measuring pedal forces have been restricted to one leg but a few studies have reported bilateral asymmetry in pedal forces. Pedal force effectiveness is increased at higher power output and reduced at higher pedaling cadences. Changes in saddle position resulted in unclear effects in pedal force effectiveness, while lowering the upper body reduced pedal force effectiveness. Cycling experience and fatigue had unclear effects on pedal force effectiveness. Augmented feedback of …

Perceptions Of Five-Year Competitive Categories: Model Of How Relative Age Influences Competitiveness In Masters Sport, Nikola Medic, Bradley Young, J. Robert Grove

Research outputs 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the contrasting perceptions of masters swimmers related to the first and fifth constituent years of a 5-year age category. Swimmers aged between 35 and 93 years (154 male, 184 female) were surveyed at the 2008 FINA World Masters Championships. Exploratory factor analysis indicated the existence of the following five factors considered important for preparation, attendance, and success at masters competitions: awareness of advantages, expectancy, motivation, training, and physiological capacity. One sample ttests showed that masters swimmers are conscious of advantages that 5-year age categories afford to relatively-younger cohorts (i.e., those who are …

Effect Of Traumatic Brain Injury Among U.S. Servicemembers With Amputation, Mitchell J. Rauh, Hilary J. Aralis, Ted Melcer, Caroline A. Macera, Pinata Sessoms, Jamie Bartlett, Michael R. Galarneau

Kinesiology & Sport Management Scholarship

Servicemembers with combat-related limb loss often require substantial rehabilitative care. The prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), which may impair cognitive and functional abilities, among servicemembers has increased. The primary objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of TBI among servicemembers with traumatic amputation and examine whether TBI status was associated with discharge to civilian status and medical and rehabilitative service use postamputation. U.S. servicemembers who had a combat-related amputation while deployed in Iraq or Afghanistan between 2001 and 2006 were followed for 2 yr postamputation. Data collected includes injury mechanism; postinjury complications; Injury Severity Score (ISS); and …

Isometric Force Production Symmetry And Jumping Performance In Collegiate Athletes, Chris A. Bailey, Kimitake Sato, Ryan Alexander, Chieh-Ying Chiang, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between isometric force production symmetry and jumping performance in weighted and un-weighted static and countermovement jumps (SJ and CMJ). Design: Bivariate correlation between isometric force production symmetry and vertical jump performance variables. Methods: Collegiate athletes were evaluated for this study (n=36). Subjects performed SJ, CMJ, and isometric mid-thigh pulls (IMTP). Jumps were analyzed for jump height (JH) and peak power (PP). IMTP was analyzed for peak force (PF) for left and right sides, and values were calculated to produce a peak force symmetry index (PF-SI) score. Correlational statistics were …