Optometry Commons^™

Anterior Subcapsular Cataract Secondary To Black Mold Exposure, Katherine B. Lynch Od, Bruce A. Teitelbaum Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

A case report of a 31-year-old woman who developed anterior subacapsular cataracts, and associated dermatological signs, after exposure to black mold. While atopic illness is commonly seen in childhood, a growing body of literature supports adult onset atopic dermatitis. Anterior subcapsular cataracts are pathognomonic for atopic illness, and can support a definitive and expedited dermatologic diagnosis of adult onset disease.

Inaugural Editorial, Paul B. Freeman Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Letter from the Editor-in-Chief

Welcome Letter Of Introduction To Our New Journal - Optometric Clinical Practice, Timothy Wingert Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

On behalf of the entire editorial board, Timothy Wingert, OD, dean at the University of the Incarnate Word - Rosenberg School of Optometry, welcomes you to the inaugural issue of Optometric Clinical Practice. (ISSN: 2575-7717)

Low-Dose (0.01%) Atropine Eye Drops To Reduce Progression Of Myopia In Children: A Multi-Centre Placebo- Controlled Randomised Trial In The United Kingdom (Champ- Uk) – Study Protocol., Augusto Azuara-Blanco, Nicola Logan, Niall Strang, Peter Allen, Ruth Hogg, Ruth Weir, Paul Doherty, Catherine Adams, Margaret Mcfarland, Evie Gardner, Rejina Verghis, Jennifer Preston, James Loughman, Daniel I. Flintcroft, David Mackey, Samantha Lee, Christopher Hammond, Nathan Congdon, Mike Clarke

Articles

Background/aims To report the protocol of a trial designed to evaluate the efficacy, safety and mechanism of action of low-dose atropine (0.01%) eye-drops for reducing progression of myopia in UK children. Methods Multicentre, double-masked, superiority, placebo-controlled, randomised trial. We will enrol children aged 6–12 years with myopia of −0.50 dioptres or worse in both eyes. We will recruit 289 participants with an allocation ratio of 2:1 (193 atropine; 96 placebo) from five centres. Participants will instil one drop in each eye every day for 2 years and attend a research centre every 6 months. The vehicle and preservative will be …

Association Of Total Zinc Intake With Myopia In U.S. Children And Adolescents, Niamh Burke, John Butler, Daniel Ian Flitcroft, Daniel Mccartney, James Loughman

Articles

Significance: This present study advances our knowledge on the role of lifestyle factors in myopia (short-sightedness), specifically dietary factors. It has been suggested in previous studies that lower zinc status is associated with myopia; however, this article shows no relationship between dietary zinc intake and myopia in U.S. adolescents. Purpose: It has been suggested that low zinc levels may contribute to the development of myopia. The aim of the present study is to examine, for the first time in a Western population, the association of total dietary and supplement zinc intake with myopia. Methods: A total of 1095 children/adolescents aged …

The Relationship Of An Ipad, A Video Magnifier, And Large Print Text With Oral Reading Outcomes For Children With Low Vision, Rosemary L. Nave Stawasz

Dissertations

Low vision may cause a decrease in visual performance and interfere with daily functioning, especially reading print or text materials. Reading standard text can be particularly challenging for students with low vision in an educational setting and can reduce oral reading rates. Students with low vision may use large print or low vision devices for reading. Limited evidence currently exists to compare oral reading outcomes across various reading media for children with low vision.

The purpose of this exploratory project was to examine oral reading rate, fluency, and comprehension among children with low vision when using an iPad, a video …

Prevalence Of Ametropia, Amblyopia And Visual Impairment In Schoolchildren In Ireland, Siofra Harrington

Doctoral

Background: Uncorrected refractive error is an avoidable cause of visual impairment (Naidoo et al., 2016). Currently, there is a lack of adequate data on eye and vision disorders in schoolchildren in Ireland. Accurate prevalence estimates of refractive error and vision disorders are necessary to determine their impact on public health and to assess the need for interventions (McCarty and Taylor, 2000). Purpose: This study reports the prevalence of ametropia, presenting visual impairment, amblyopia and provides population norms for ocular biometric measures in schoolchildren in Ireland. Links between refractive error and demographic and lifestyle factors were investigated. The impact of poor …

Clinical Accuracy Of The Nidek Ark-1 Autorefractor, Nabin Paudel, Sameep Adhikari, Ajit Thakur, Bhairaja Shrestha, James Loughman

Articles

Autorefractors are commonly used by eye care practitioners worldwide as a starting point for clinical prescribing and by researchers as an instrument to study development of refractive errors and accommodation. This study demonstrates that the Nidek ARK-1 provides a reasonable and repeatable estimate of refractive error.

Ozone Induced Effects On The Mammalian Visual System, Jordan Wetz

Theses & Dissertations

Research Focus. Millions of people who suffer from retinal disease live in air-polluted environments. The impact of the gaseous air pollutant ozone (O₃), a strong oxidant, on the retina is unknown. The aim of the present study is to compare the electroretinographic responses between control (no O₃ exposure) and O₃ -exposed rats and to better understand the effects of O₃ on retinal function.

Materials and Methods. Age-matched adult female rats were separated into two groups (N = 6), 3 control and 3 experimental. The experimental group was exposed to 0.4 ppm O₃ for …

Genetic Analysis Localizes A Novel Locus On Chromosome 4q For The Glaucoma Endophenotype, Cup-To-Disc Ratio: The Jiri Eye Study, Sarah E. Miller, Nicholas B. Blackburn, Suman S. Thapa, Sandra Laston, Satish Kumar, Juan M. Peralta, Janardan Subedi, John Blangero, Sarah Williams-Blangero, Matthew P. Johnson

School of Medicine Publications

Purpose: Glaucoma is a heterogeneous disease influenced by genetic risk factors. However, not all genetic risk factors have been identified. The aim of this project is to localize genetic factors influencing known glaucoma endophenotypes: intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), and vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR).

Methods: This family-based study design utilizes phenotypic and genomic data from a single well-characterized pedigree residing in the Jiri region of Nepal. Measures of IOP, CCT and VCDR were obtained by Goldmann applanation tonometry, OCT, and slit lamp biomicroscopy, respectively. Using a genome-wide genotype data set (~550,000 SNPs), we performed a genome-wide linkage scan …

Age Differences In Attentional Capture Effects Of Emotional Faces, Shelby King

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Sustained attention is necessary to accurately complete cognitive tasks. However, sustained attention can often be disrupted by distracting information. When distractors contain emotional content, past research suggests that they might attract attention. The rapid detection of emotional information is important in everyday life because emotion often emerges in social interaction, including unpleasant interactions where others might pose a threat. The attentional capture effects of emotional faces were explored by inserting them into a visual search task that included differing levels of perceptual load. Twenty-five younger adults and twenty older adults identified target letters in standard trials containing distracting elements, but …

Effect Of Aflibercept On Macular Retinal Layers And Peripheral Non Perfusion In Subjects With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy, Swetha Bindu Velaga

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Background: The relation between UWF fluorescein angiography (FA) and retinal non-perfusion were studied previously. The relationship between retinal thickness and retinal non-perfusion in subjects with diabetic retinopathy has not been studied using SD-OCT and UWF. Thus, in this current study we used SD-OCT to visualize the individual layers of retina and to evaluate whether the extent of non-perfusion is correlated with macular retinal layer thickness in subjects with PDR with no diabetic macular edema.

Methods: In this prospective longitudinal multicenter, randomized study a total of 36 eyes of thirty six subjects were included in final analysis. Subjects with any history …

Practice Makes The Deficiency Of Global Motion Detection In People With Pattern-Related Visual Stress More Apparent, Jana Wegrzyn

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Pattern-related visual stress (PRVS) refers to the perceptual difficulties experienced by some individuals when exposed to high contrast striped patterns. People with PRVS were reported to have reduced sensitivity to global motion at baseline testing and the difference disappears at a second estimate. The present study was to investigate the effect of practice on global motion threshold in adults with and without PRVS. Methods: A total of 101 subjects were recruited and the Wilkins & Evans Pattern Glare Test was used to determine if a subject had PRVS. The threshold to detect global motion was measured with a random dot …

Long Term Efficacy Of A Supraciliary Micro-Stent Combined With Cataract Surgery In The Treatment Of Glaucoma, Michael Robert Mcfarland

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term efficacy of supraciliary micro-stent implantation in combination with phacoemulsification in the treatment of mild-moderate primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: Retrospective data of patients previously enrolled in the “Study of an Implantable Device for Lowering Intraocular Pressure in Glaucoma Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery” (COMPASS trial), in which patients with mild-moderate POAG had undergone either cataract surgery alone or cataract surgery combined with implantation of a supraciliary micro-stent, were collected. Eligible patients had since exited the trial and had 5-8 years of postoperative data available. The primary outcome measure was …

College Of Optometry, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

Consort Checklist, Myopia Outcome Study Of Atropine In Children (Mosaic): Design And Methodology, Saoirse Mccrann, Daniel Ian Flitcroft, John Butler, James Loughman

Articles

Purpose

The Myopia Outcome Study of Atropine in Children (MOSAIC) aims to explore the efficacy, safety, acceptability and mechanisms of action of 0.01% atropine for myopia control in a European population.

Methods

MOSAIC is an investigator-led, double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial (RCT) investigating the efficacy, safety and mechanisms of action of 0.01% atropine in myopia progression management. During Phase 1 of the trial, 250 children aged 6-16 years with progressive myopia apply eye drops once nightly in both eyes from randomisation to month 24. No treatment is given during Phase 2 from month 24 to 36 (washout period) for those …

Integration Of Cone Photoreceptor Signals In Macaque Lgn Neurons, Paul B. Brown

All ETDs from UAB

Despite advances in the understanding of the primate visual system, much is yet to be learned about the way light signals sum to create our perception of the world. This is especially true at the simplest level of visual processing—the summation of two individual cone photoreceptor signals. How such signals combine to create visual perception has not been assessed in vivo. We used an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) to deliver binarized noise movies to identified groups of cones within the receptive fields of neurons in the macaque lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Recordings of neural action potentials within the …

A Microfocal Effect In Photoreceptor Light Capture, Vasantha Kumari Kanukuntla

All ETDs from UAB

In human eyes, accomodation brings light rays into focus on the retina in order to achieve a clear images. The plane of best focus within the depth of the retina is thought to be within the photoreceptor layer, but pinpointing the exact focal position axially has not been determined. With help of adaptive optics aberration correction and its ability to have microscopic control of a retinal stimulus, we explored how sensitive human subjects are to defocus on the micron scale. We found that focal position can be reliably judged within 0.02 D, which is equivalent to about 6 microns in …

Walking Biomechanics And Energetics Of Individuals With A Visual Impairment: A Preliminary Report, Hunter J. Bennett, Kevin A. Valenzuela, Kristina Fleenor, Steven Morrison, Justin A. Haegele

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Purpose.

Although walking gait in sighted populations is well researched, few studies have investigated persons with visual impairments (VIs). Given the lack of physical activity in people with VIs, it is possible that reduced efficiency in walking could adversely affect activity. The purposes of this preliminary study were to (1) examine the biomechanics and energetics utilized during independent and guided walking in subjects with VIs, and (2) compare gait biomechanics between people with VIs and sighted controls.

Methods.

Three-dimensional motion capture and force platforms were used during independent and guided walking at self-selected speeds. Joint angles, moments, external work, and …

The Closed Eye As A Model For Dry Eye Disease, Cameron Kenneth Postnikoff

All ETDs from UAB

Every night, during sleep, the tears of the closed eye become significantly more inflammatory, with a notable influx of neutrophils. Preliminary studies suggested that these neutrophils were significantly different than blood-isolated neutrophils, with an increased concentration, upregulated surface expression of inflammatory membrane receptors, but inability to respond to inflammatory stimuli. The purpose of this dissertation was to better understand the contribution of this neutrophil population to ocular surface homeostasis and dry eye disease. Chapter One presents an introduction to the tear film and ocular surface, along with an introduction to dry eye disease and neutrophil biology. Chapter One also discusses …