Virus Diseases Commons^™

The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On The Well-Being Of People Incarcerated In United States Prisons, Kimberly Rivera

Department of Sociology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the population as a whole. However, the incarcerated population (which also experiences a variety of health disparities) has been disproportionately affected by the pandemic. Due to overcrowding, poor ventilation, and lack of resources, the incarcerated population already is at a heightened risk for negative health outcomes, made worse by the recent pandemic. To adapt to the rapidly changing conditions during the pandemic in 2020 and into 2022, new safety measures were implemented, but the unintended consequences associated with the implementation of these procedures have yet to be examined empirically. I conducted a qualitative content …

Intestinal Microbiome, Fecal Fermentation Profile, And Health Indices In Hiv Infected Men Versus Non-Infected Controls, Mary Andreae, Mary C. Andreae Mrs

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Many HIV-positive (HIV+) males on Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) experience metabolic abnormalities, including Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and lipodystrophy. The intestinal microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFA), participate in bidirectional communication with their host. Dysbiosis in HIV+ males on HAART demonstrate a Prevotella-rich enterotype shaped by multiple factors including, medications, adiposity, diet, intestinal permeability, and lifestyle; our objective was to investigate these factors. 19 HIV+ and 21 HIV- males were enrolled. BMI and hip-to-waist ratio (H:W) were obtained, and FibroScan for liver health. Intestinal permeability markers Claudin-21, flagellin, and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP) in …

Hiv/Aids Research Symposium, College Of The Holy Cross

LGBTQIA Archive: Posters

Poster detailing planned events of the HIV/AIDS Research Symposium, held November 29-December 2, 2023 at the College of the Holy Cross. In observance of the 35th World AIDS Day, the Holy Cross LGBTQ+ Alumni Network and a multidisciplinary faculty team invited a broad ranging conversation about the historical and current impact and intersection of the HIV/AIDS pandemic on both the Holy Cross community and the wider world.

Covid-19 Severity Among American Indians And Alaska Natives In 16 States - January 1, 2020, To March 31, 2021, Jessica Arrazola, Scott Erickson, Chiao Wen Lan, Adrian Dominguez, Sujata Joshi, Andria Apostolou, Ashley Busacker, David Casey, Christiana Coyle, Kathryn Helfrich, Jennifer Kraszewski, Thomas Kim, Genelle Lamont, Richard Leman, Pamela Lemaster, Nick Lehnertz, Mike Mannell, Dakota Matson, Alex Merrill, Tracy Miller, Benjamin Schram, Ozair Naqvi, Samantha Rice, Samantha Hyde-Rolland, Alyssa Rowell, Dean Seneca, Victoria Warren-Mears, Laura Williamson

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Objective: To compare rates and risk factors of severe COVID-19-related outcomes between American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) and non-Hispanic White people (NHW).

Methods: Aggregate Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), COVID-19-related risk factor, hospitalization, and mortality data were obtained from 16 states for January 1, 2020-March 31, 2021. Generalized estimating equation Poisson regression models calculated age-adjusted cumulative incidences, incidence ratios (IR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing AI/AN and NHW persons by age, sex, and county-level SVI status.

Results: Race data were missing for 42.7% of COVID-19 cases, 24.7% of hospitalizations, and 10.1% of deaths. Risk of AI/AN COVID-19 mortality …

A Quality Improvement Initiative For Hiv Prevention In Underserved Communities, Meredith E. Clement, Angie D. Settle, Claudia T. Martorell, Jeffrey D. Carter, Melissa Rodriguez, Chelsie Anderson Chadha, Bonnie Douglas, Laura Simone, Leah Molloy

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Infectious Diseases Week, IDWeek 2023, October 11 - 15, 2023, Boston, MA

Evaluation Of Comparative Hiv Care Continuum Outcomes Following Three Years Of Program Implementation Of The Positivelinks Smartphone Intervention Among People With Hiv With And Without Substance Use, Jacqueline Hodges, Sylvia Caldwell, Kori Otero, Brooke Williams, Ben Elliott, Lauren Richey, Ava Lena Waldman, Rebecca Dillingham, Karen Ingersoll

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Infectious Diseases Week, IDWeek 2023, October 11 - 15, 2023, Boston, MA

Id Fellow Quality Improvement Project Shows Gains In Oral Health Exams For People With Hiv, Terrence Park, Lauren Richey, Paula Seal

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Infectious Diseases Week, IDWeek 2023, October 11 - 15, 2023, Boston, MA

Compliance With Human Papillomavirus Vaccination At The Hiv Outpatient Program In New Orleans, Louisiana, Tat Yau, Maria Frontini, Michael Hagensee

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Infectious Diseases Week, IDWeek 2023, October 11 - 15, 2023, Boston, MA

Weight Gain And Weight Loss Attempts Among People With Hiv(Pwh) In Louisiana, Lauren Richey, Jonathan Schroeder, Kyle Mistretta, Hui-Yi Lin, Connie Arnold, David Welsh, John Apolzan

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Infectious Diseases Week, IDWeek 2023, October 11 - 15, 2023, Boston, MA

Effectiveness Of A Bivalent Mrna Vaccine Dose Against Symptomatic Sars-Cov-2 Infection Among U.S. Healthcare Personnel, September 2022–May 2023, Ian D. Plumb, Melissa Briggs Hagen, Ryan Wiegand, Ghinwa Dumyati, Christopher Myers, Karisa K. Harland, Anusha Krishnadasan, Jade James Gist, Glen Abedi, Katherine E. Fleming-Dutra, Nora Chea, Jane E. Lee, Melissa Kellogg, Alexandra Edmundson, Amber Britton, Lucy E. Wilson, Sara A. Lovett, Valerie Ocampo, Tiffanie M. Markus, Howard A. Smithline, Peter C. Hou, Lilly C. Lee, William Mower, Fernand Rwamwejo, Mark T. Steele, Stephen C. Lim, Walter A. Schrading, Brian Chinnock

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Bivalent mRNA vaccines were recommended since September 2022. However, coverage with a recent vaccine dose has been limited, and there are few robust estimates of bivalent VE against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19). We estimated VE of a bivalent mRNA vaccine dose against COVID-19 among eligible U.S. healthcare personnel who had previously received monovalent mRNA vaccine doses. Methods: We conducted a case-control study in 22 U.S. states, and enrolled healthcare personnel with COVID-19 (case-participants) or without COVID-19 (control-participants) during September 2022–May 2023. Participants were considered eligible for a bivalent mRNA dose if they had received 2–4 monovalent (ancestral-strain) mRNA vaccine …

Frequency Of Dysnatremia In Patients Admitted With Covid-19 Infection And Its Prognostic Implication, Farah Gul Khan, Saadia Sattar, Muhammad M. Yaqoob, Nida Vallani, Maryam Asad

Section of Nephrology

Objective: We aimed to investigate the frequency of dysnatremia among patients admitted with COVID-19 infection and its association with inpatient mortality.
Methods: This retrospective longitudinal study was conducted for 12 weeks. Serum sodium levels were recorded at admission, during the hospital stay, and within 48 hours of discharge or death. Logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of mortality.
Results: This study included 574 patients (69.7% men, age 55.6 ± 14.4 years). On admission, mean sodium was 135.9 ± 6.4 mEq/L; 39% had hyponatremia and 4.7% had hypernatremia. During admission, hypernatremia increased to 18.8%; maximum sodium in patients who …

Long-Acting Cabotegravir And The Emergence Of Drug-Resistant Hiv, Katharine Gurski

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Integrating Spatial-Temporal Dynamics And Graph Embedding In Pde-Based Models For Predicting Covid-19 Spread, Nao Yamamoto

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Predicting Dengue Incidence In Central Argentina Using Google Trends Data, Sahil Chindal

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Msis-Robertson: A Stochastic Multi-Host Model For West Nile Virus, Suzanne Robertson, Emily Horton

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Potential Effects Of Masking, Quarantine, Treatment, And Vaccines On Swine Flu, Helen Pennington, Erin Bodine

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

Impact On The Volume Of Pathology Reports Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic In Seer Cancer Registries, Amina Chtourou, Pamela V. Sanchez, Todd Golden, Huann Sheng Chen, Stephen M. Schwartz, Xiao Cheng Wu, Brenda Y. Hernandez, Jovanka N. Harrison, Lynne Penberthy, Serban Negoita

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

Introduction: Health care procedures including cancer screening and diagnosis were interrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The extent of this impact on cancer care in the United States is not fully understood. We investigated pathology report volume as a reflection of trends in oncology services pre-pandemic and during the pandemic. Methods: Electronic pathology reports were obtained from 11 U.S. central cancer registries from NCI’s SEER Program. The reports were sorted by cancer site and document type using a validated algorithm. Joinpoint regression was used to model temporal trends from January 2018 to February 2020, project expected counts from March 2020 …

Building Up A Genomic Surveillance Platform For Sars-Cov-2 In The Middle Of A Pandemic: A True North-South Collaboration, Waqasuddin Khan, Furqan Kabir, Samiah Kanwar, Fatima Aziz, Sahrish Muneer, Adil Kalam, Mehdia Ali, Nadia Ansari, Fyezah Jehan, Muhammad Imran Nisar

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Next-generation sequencing technology has revolutionised pathogen surveillance over the last two decades. However, the benefits are not equitably distributed, with developing countries lagging far behind in acquiring the required technology and analytical capacity. Recent declines in the cost associated with sequencing-equipment and running consumables have created an opportunity for broader adoption. During the COVID-19 pandemic, rapid diagnostics development and DNA sequencing revolutionised the ability to diagnose and sequence SARS-CoV-2 rapidly. Socioeconomic inequalities substantially impact the ability to sequence SARS-CoV-2 strains and undermine a developing country's pandemic preparedness. Low- and middle-income countries face additional challenges in establishing, maintaining and expanding genomic …

A Retrospective Cohort Study Assessing The Impact Of Statin Therapy On Hospital Length Of Stay And Inpatient Mortality In Covid-19 Patients, Huy V. Ho, Hamish Patel, Mohammed Ahmed, Ahmed Eddib, Fagunkumar Modi, Domenick Sorresso, Rahul Mhaskar, David Phrathep, Olugbenga Oyesanmi

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

Coronaviruses, known for their crown-like appearance, cause mild gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. Some cause outbreaks of respiratory diseases, most recently, SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Individuals with COVID-19 are reported to be in both arterial and venous prothrombotic states. In addition to a lipid-lowering effect, statin also has an anti-inflammatory effect, which addresses one of the underlying causes of thrombosis. An in-silico study revealed that statins could directly interact with the main protease enzyme of SARS-CoV-2 and prevent infectivity. Due to these pleiotropic properties, statins may positively impact the outcome of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infections.

Methods

A …

Serotonin Reduction In Post-Acute Sequelae Of Viral Infection, Andrea Wong, Ashwarya Devason, Iboro Umana, Timothy Cox, Lenka Dohnalová, Lev Litichevskiy, Jonathan Perla, Patrick Lundgren, Zienab Etwebi, Luke Izzo, Jihee Kim, Monika Tetlak, Hélène Descamps, Simone Park, Stephen Wisser, Aaron Mcknight, Ryan Pardy, Junwon Kim, Niklas Blank, Shaan Patel, Katharina Thum, Sydney Mason, Jean-Christophe Beltra, Michaël Michieletto, Shin Foong Ngiow, Brittany Miller, Megan Liou, Bhoomi Madhu, Oxana Dmitrieva-Posocco, Alex Huber, Peter Hewins, Christopher Petucci, Candice Chu, Gwen Baraniecki-Zwil, Leila Giron, Amy Baxter, Allison Greenplate, Charlotte Kearns, Kathleen Montone, Leslie Litzky, Michael Feldman, Jorge Henao-Mejia, Boris Striepen, Holly Ramage, Kellie Jurado, Kathryn Wellen, Una O'Doherty, Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen, Alan L Landay, Ali Keshavarzian, Timothy Henrich, Steven Deeks, Michael Peluso, Nuala Meyer, E. John Wherry, Benjamin Abramoff, Sara Cherry, Christoph Thaiss, Maayan Levy

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC, "Long COVID") pose a significant global health challenge. The pathophysiology is unknown, and no effective treatments have been found to date. Several hypotheses have been formulated to explain the etiology of PASC, including viral persistence, chronic inflammation, hypercoagulability, and autonomic dysfunction. Here, we propose a mechanism that links all four hypotheses in a single pathway and provides actionable insights for therapeutic interventions. We find that PASC are associated with serotonin reduction. Viral infection and type I interferon-driven inflammation reduce serotonin through three mechanisms: diminished intestinal absorption of the serotonin precursor tryptophan; platelet hyperactivation and thrombocytopenia, …