Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Commons^™

Retrospective Evaluation Of Weight Loss In Maine Medical Center Cancer Institute (Mmcci) Patients Receiving Radiation Treatment For Head And Neck Cancer, Julian Johnson, David Debartolo-Stone, Jessica Moore, Ruth Hanselman, Stephen Tyzik, Suneela Nayak, Amy Sparks

Operations Transformation

Treatment for head and neck cancer often results in weight loss as a side effect. One option to mitigate this weight loss is placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement. Radiation oncologists at a academic tertiary medical center discuss the option of PEG placement during patient consultation.

A retrospective evaluation of weight loss in patients receiving radiation was conducted over a two-year period. The goal of this data collection was to create a standard for oncology consultations regarding PEG tube placement.

Baseline metrics and a root cause analysis drove subsequent data collection steps. After analyzing the raw data, …

Challenges Of Implementing An Individual Randomized Controlled Trial (Women First: Preconception Maternal Nutrition Study) In A Rural Study Site: A Case Study From Pakistan, Sumera Aziz Ali, Umber S. Khan, Farina Abrejo, Sarah Saleem, Michael K. Hambidge, Nancy F. Krebs, Jamie E. Westcott, Robert L. Goldenberg, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Omrana Pasha

Community Health Sciences

Persistent global disparities in maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with poor maternal nutrition provided the genesis of the Women First (WF) study, an individually randomized controlled trial on preconceptional maternal nutrition. This article describes the challenges that arose in implementing this trial related to nutrition or diet of the mother, in District Thatta-Pakistan. During different phases of the study, we encountered problems in identifying the eligible participants, taking consent from couples, randomizing participants in different arms, conducting biweekly follow-up visits on time, ensuring compliance to the intervention, and measuring the primary outcome within the 24 hours of birth. Each challenge …

Short Relative Leg Length Is Associated With Overweight And Obesity In Mexican Immigrant Women, Mireya Vilar-Compte, James Macinko, Beth C. Weitzman, Carlos M. Avendaño-Villela

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: Prior research suggests that undernutrition and enteric infections predispose children to stunted growth. Undernutrition and infections have been associated with limited access to healthy diets, lack of sanitation, and access barriers to healthcare - all associated with human rights. Stunting has also been documented to be a major determinant of subsequent obesity and non-communicable diseases. Short leg length relative to stature during adulthood seems to be a good proxy indicator tracking such barriers, and has been reported to be associated with adverse health effects during adulthood. Our objective was to examine the association between relative leg length (as measured …

Part I: Complete Dentures And Diabetes Correlation, Ibeth Erazo

Publications and Research

Diabetes is one of the most frequent pathologies that dentists encounter, due to its high prevalence worldwide. The aim of this study is to present the correlation between diabetes and complete denture wearers, intending to emphasize the importance of proper control and denture adaptation to oral environment for this type of patient. Within the sphere of the dental office, one of the main complications to consider in this type of patient is periodontal disease, which is their most frequent complication. Other important oral manifestations considered in the research are fungal infections, xerostomia, and burning mouth syndrome. It is common for …

Physician Gender Impact On Obesity Care In The Academic Ambulatory Setting, Peggy R. Cyr Md, Christina Holt Md, Msc, Amy Haskins Phd, Karyn King Md, Robert Post Md, Derjung M. Tarn, Arch Mainous Phd

Journal of Maine Medical Center

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess a nationally representative sample of academic family physicians to determine whether personal physician characteristics are associated with attitudes towards and care of overweight and/or obese patients.

METHODS: Questions pertaining to physician’s interactions with overweight and obese patients was administered as the 2012 Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance (CERA) survey to academic family physicians. We analyzed self-reported demographic responses physicians gave with the main outcome the association between self-reported likelihood of engaging in weight loss discussions with overweight or obese patients and physicians’ personal characteristics …

Development Of A Pediatric Model Of Nafld In Neonatal Iberian Pigs, Gabriella Veronica Hernandez, Victoria Alice Smith, Morgan Coffin, Daniel Columbus, Matthew Burd, Kimberly Sprayberry, Mark Edwards, Daniel Peterson, Darin Bennett, Robert Fanter, Christopher Kitts, Michael La Frano, Margaret Rice, Douglas Burrin, Magdalena Maj, Rodrigo Manjarin

Master's Theses

The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children has increased over the past decades, creating a need for animal models that recapitulate the features of the pediatric disease. Iberian pigs have a leptin-resistant phenotype characterized by hyperleptinemia, hyperphagia, and extreme adipogenesis. We hypothesized that neonatal Iberian pigs fed a high fat high-fructose (HFF) diet will develop a pattern of liver injury resembling pediatric NAFLD. In addition, we sought to determine if a mixture of probiotics would prevent the disease. Animals were fed 1 of 4 diets containing (g/kg body weight × d) 0 g fructose, 11 g fat …

The Effects Of A Low-Glycemic Index Diabetes Management Program On Weight, Body Mass Index, Triglycerides, Cholesterol And Hemoglobin A1c Values, Morgan Williston

Master's Theses

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of a low-glycemic index diet on weight, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, cholesterol levels, and hemoglobin A1c

(HbA1c) following participation in a 12-hour outpatient diabetes self- management education (DSME) program. This DSME program is unique as it

focuses on a low-glycemic index diet rather than the traditional carbohydrate consistent diet to control blood glucose levels. Health outcomes obtained post participation were compared to baseline data. Participants were 283 individuals with type 2 diabetes including 94 (33%) men and 189 (67%) women, with a mean baseline HbA1c of 8.7 ±2.2%. Statistically significant …

The Roles Of An Evidence-Based Weight Management Protocol In Hypertension Control, Belinda Akakpo Maxwell

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

The Roles of an Evidence-Based Weight Management Protocol in Hypertension Control

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this project is to evaluate the impact of a healthcare provider-led protocol for patients with hypertension (HTN) and weight loss needs to improve weight control, cardiovascular risk and quality of life.

Background: Evidence shows that a 1.2-kg weight loss can reduce systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 3.8mmHg. Thus, a 10kg (22lbs) weight loss is likely to yield a SBP decrease of as much as 32mmHg. Such results would positively impact quality of life and costs. The simple approach of instructing patients to eat less …

Typical Diet Quality In New Zealand Compared To Other Westernized Countries With An Emphasis On Chronic Disease, Emily Kollar

Honors Projects

The diet quality was analyzed for people living in New Zealand and people living in other Westernized Countries (United States, Canada, Western Europe) based on the dietary guidelines. Diet quality was analyzed by looking at consumption of food groups such as fruits, vegetables, meat, and seafood as well as nutrients such as saturated/trans/unsaturated fat, sodium, and added sugars. These nutrients have been linked to certain health outcomes and chronic disease; therefore, the prevalence of chronic disease was researched to determine if there was a correlation between New Zealand's diet and their chronic disease rates in comparison to other Westernized countries.

Rising Rural Body-Mass Index Is The Main Driver Of The Global Obesity Epidemic In Adults, Con Burns, Tara Coppinger, Janette Walton, Et Al

Publications

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity3,4,5,6. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to …

The Correlation Between Obesity, Food Addiction, Anxiety & Depression, Ayham Khrais, Adarsh K. Gupta

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Obesity is a multifaceted disease with physiological, psychological and social influences. While physiological factors, such as basal metabolic rate, can influence an individual’s BMI (Body Mass Index), obesity is primarily determined by behavior: excess food intake and a sedentary lifestyle greatly contribute to weight gain. An individual’s behavior is influenced by many factors, including their desires, perceptions, and social pressures. Therefore, psychological conditions can greatly impact an individual’s eating habits, thereby affecting that person’s BMI. This endeavor involved exploration of the potential effects of food addiction, anxiety, and depression on obesity. A survey consisting of an amalgamation of the Yale …

Pre-Operative Clinical Variation By Health Insurance Carrier In 12,285 Male Surgical Patients With Moderate Morbid Obesity, Matthew E. Moore, Gus J. Slotman

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

In the ongoing obesity epidemic, every surgeon now treats patients with weight-related medical problems. In managing these medically fragile surgical patients, every clinical insight helps. While variation according to health insurance has been reported in mixed sex bariatric surgery populations, whether or not clinical characteristics in the subset of moderately obese male surgical patients vary by insurance carrier is unknown. The objective of this study was to identify clinical variation by insurance type in moderately obese men.

Results showed that pre-operative clinical characteristics of moderately obese male surgical patients vary by the health insurance coverage type to which they subscribe. …

The Teen Vaping Crisis, Jayavignesh Ganesan '21, Cynthia Mu '21, Carolina Seoane '21

Student Leadership Exchange (SLX)

In today’s society, many teens have the idea that is is cool to vape. This has led to an exponential increase in the number of teenagers addicted to nicotine. This increase is directly caused by nicotine companies, specifically vape companies, presenting their products with appealing and misleading packaging. Indeed, nicotine packages are required to have a warning. However, the warning is usually not taken into consideration, as the warning is not eye-catching. Because of this, we propose that all products containing nicotine, including e-cigarettes, must follow plain packaging regulations. Under plain packaging regulations, companies would be required to have the …

The Physiology And Hormonal Control Of Calcium, Phosphate And Vitamin D, Uri Alon

Presentations

Describes calcium, phophate, and vitamin D in the context of pediatric rickets.

The Prevalence And Context Of Adult Female Overweight And Obesity In Sub-Saharan Africa, Ifeoma Ozodiegwu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Adult women bear a disproportionate burden of overweight and obesity in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Precise information to understand disease distribution and assess determinants is lacking. Therefore, this dissertation aimed to: (i) analyze the prevalence of adult female overweight and obesity combined in lower-level administrative units; (ii) analyze the effect modification of educational attainment and age on the association between household wealth and adult female overweight and obesity; (iii) synthesize qualitative research evidence to describe contextual factors contributing to female overweight and obesity at different life stages. Bayesian and logistic regression models were constructed with Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data …

Xerostomia: A Comprehensive Review, Danevin Putrus

Honors College Theses

This thesis will be highlighting the condition known as Xerostomia. Xerostomia is the condition also known as “dry mouth”. This condition affects many people all throughout the world with symptoms causing bad breath, discomfort, difficulty speaking and many other. The seriousness of this condition can lead to cardiovascular disease, dementia, respiratory infections, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and even cancer (Absolutedental.com). Currently there is not any one specific solution for the condition although many have been proposed. Throughout the thesis I will closely examine former research studies, current solutions proposed, and propose my own study and solution based on research and …

The Incidence, Aetiology, And Adverse Clinical Consequences Of Less Severe Diarrhoeal Episodes Among Infants And Children Residing In Low-Income And Middle-Income Countries: A 12-Month Case-Control Study As A Follow-On To The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (Gems), Karen L. Kotloff, Dilruba Nasrin, William C. Blackwelder, Yukun Wu, Tamer Farag, Sandra Panchalingham, Samba O. Sow, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Shahida Qureshi, Farheen Quadri

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of illness and death among children younger than 5 years in low-income and middle-income countries. The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) has described the incidence, aetiology, and sequelae of medically attended moderate-to-severe diarrhoea (MSD) among children aged 0-59 months residing in censused populations in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, where most child deaths occur. To further characterise this disease burden and guide interventions, we extended this study to include children with episodes of less-severe diarrhoea (LSD) seeking care at health centres serving six GEMS sites.
Methods: We report a 1-year, multisite, age-stratified, matched …

Immune And Inflammatory Pathways In Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (Nash). An Update, Sorina Cezara Coste, Ionela Popovici, Andreea Maria Stefan, Iulia Breaban, Adela Sitar Taut, Simina Tarmure Sarlea, Angela Cozma, Dorel Sampelean, Olga Hilda Orasan, Vasile Negrean, Lucia Maria Procopciuc

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), also known as fatty liver disease (FLD), is a major public health problem. It is considered to be the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Chronic inflammation of the liver is an essential key in the progression from simple hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis, the evolutionary stage of fatty liver disease. Moreover, the innate immune system plays a crucial role in the progression of hepatic inflammation. For this reason, it is of utmost importance to elucidate the connections between immune mechanisms, Toll-like receptor cytokine signalling, in order to find new effective treatments. Further studies are necessary to test …

Association Of Lowering Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol With Contemporary Lipid-Lowering Therapies And Risk Of Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Victor Okunrintemi

All Publications

No abstract provided.

A Pre And Post Survey To Evaluate Patient Perception Of Group Diabetes Self-Management Education In Rural Health Clinics, Stormy Carter, Ashleigh Heter

Posters

Diabetes is a significant clinical issue in the primary care setting. Providers struggle to overcome barriers to facilitate therapeutic interventions for populations served. The specific aim of this study was to assess group diabetes self-management education from a patient perspective. Evaluation of diabetes knowledge and self-efficacy confidence was conducted in rural primary care clinics using pre and post surveys. This study utilized a one-group pretest-posttest design to patients receiving group diabetes self-management education in Southeast Kansas rural primary care clinics by a certified diabetes educator. The surveyed population included individuals ages 18-65 with prediabetes, type I, or type II diabetes …