Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Commons^™

Effectiveness Of Individual Nutrition Education Compared To Group Education, In Improving Anthropometric And Biochemical Indices Among Hypertensive Adults With Excessive Body Weight: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Danuta Gajewska, Alicja Kucharska, Marcin Kozak, Shahla M. Wunderlich, Joanna Niegowska

Department of Nutrition and Food Studies Scholarship and Creative Works

Objective: The study aims to compare the effectiveness of individual and group nutrition education methods in improving key anthropometric and biochemical markers in drug-treated, overweight-obese hypertensive adults. Methods: The randomized trial included 170 patients with pharmacologically well-controlled primary hypertension and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m². For six months, the patients received six sessions, either one-to-one individual nutrition education (IE, n = 89) or group education (GE, n= 81), developed by dietitians. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, and fasting measures of biochemical parameters were obtained at baseline and after six months of intervention. Results: 150 patients completed the …

A Quality Improvement Initiative To Facilitate Provider Adherence To Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus Guidelines, Yazmin Valencia

Doctor of Nursing Practice

Background:A significant number of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus do not receive comprehensive diabetes care management to maintain optimal health.

Purpose:This project was designed to facilitate provider adherence to the type 2 diabetes mellitus evidence-based practice standards of care. A primary care practice needs assessment indicated opportunities to improve care management processes which promote adherence to current clinical practice guidelines.

Methods:This 10-week quality improvement project provided the clinical staff and provider with the necessary tools to implement best practices of diabetes care. Objectives assessed throughout project implementation included the design and use of an electronic health …

Determinants Of Linear Growth Faltering Among Children With Moderate-To-Severe Diarrhea In The Global Enteric Multicenter Study, Rebecca L. Brander, Patricia B. Pavlinac, Judd L. Walson, Grace C. John-Stewart, Marcia R. Weaver, Abu S. G Faruque, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Dipika Sur, Samba O. Sow, M Jahangir Hossain

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) in the first 2 years of life can impair linear growth. We sought to determine risk factors for linear growth faltering and to build a clinical prediction tool to identify children most likely to experience growth faltering following an episode of MSD.
Methods: Using data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study of children 0-23 months old presenting with MSD in Africa and Asia, we performed log-binomial regression to determine clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with severe linear growth faltering (loss of ≥ 0.5 length-for-age z-score [LAZ]). Linear regression was used to estimate associations with ΔLAZ. A …

A Unique Presentation Of Scurvy In The Modern Era, Anita Bhagavathula Do, Joanna Linsteadt Md, Sonam Jaggi Md

Internal Medicine

No abstract provided.

Celiac Disease: Current And Investigational Therapies And The Role Of The Pharmacist, Sarah Turley, Gabriella Gegenheimer, Emily Blum, Erin Petersen

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Celiac disease is a genetically-linked autoimmune disease which affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is an inflammatory reaction to ingested gluten-containing substances that produces the most frequent symptoms of abdominal pain, bloating and intermittent or chronic diarrhea. Diagnosis can be made by blood testing for specific IgA autoantibodies and a confirmation duodenal biopsy to look for the characteristic scalloping and villous atrophy that occurs in response to the inflammation. A gluten-free diet, until recently, was the only treatment available and continues to be the mainstay of treatment. Newer adjunct therapies to dietary management include larazotide acetate, peptidases, the use of parasite …

Improving Malnutrition Identification In The Outpatient Setting, Kristi Thaete, Karen Stephens

Posters

Identification of Pediatric Malnutrition in Outpatient Clinics is the First Step to Allowing Registered Dietitian (RD) Involvement in the Improvement of Patient Care.

Seaweeds As Nutraceuticals For Health And Nutrition, Emer Shannon, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam

Articles

Throughout human history, seaweeds have been used as food, folk remedies, dyes, and as mineral-rich fertilisers. Seaweeds as nutraceuticals or functional foods with dietary benefits beyond their fundamental macronutrient content are now a major research and industrial development concept. The occurrence of dietary and lifestyle related diseases, notably type 2 diabetes, obesity, cancer, and metabolic syndrome has become a health epidemic in developed countries. Global epidemiological studies have shown that countries where seaweed is consumed on a regular basis have significantly fewer instances of obesity and dietary-related disease. This review outlines recent developments in seaweed applications for human health from …

Influence Of Gut Microbiome On Obesity In Western-Style Dietary Practices Versus Other Diets: A Systematic Review, Keely A. Niemeyer, Doris I. Buezo, Loren Landeros, Karina Corral

OSRI Journal of Student Research and Innovation

BACKGROUND: The human gut is home to a microbiome that has a complex relationship to human health. Like the human genome project, microbiome is catching the attention of researchers who seek new methods to combat obesity and negative health outcomes associated with it.

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aims to distinguish the impact of a Western diet on gut health verses a plant-based diet.

DATA SOURCES: EBSCOHost library databases inclusive of CINAHL plus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed using keywords to better understand the correlation of dietary practices and microbiome balance.

STUDY ELIGIBILITY: Criteria that include diet, current research, and scholarly peer reviewed …

Observing Growth Effects Of Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor On Human Retinal Pericytes In Vitro, Anjalee Choudhury, Andrew Tsin, Zachary Perez, Fransisco Elisarraras

School of Medicine Publications

The purpose of this study is to investigate and determine the role of PEDF in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy as induced by advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Human retinal pericytes were isolated from donors and will be measured for cell proliferation under the influence of PEDF both in the presence and absence of AGEs. Expected outcomes involve both the maintenance and increased survival of HRPs after treatment with PEDF under stimulated hyperglycemic conditions.

Early Life Child Micronutrient Status, Maternal Reasoning, And A Nurturing Household Environment Have Persistent Influences On Child Cognitive Development At Age 5 Years: Results From Mal-Ed, Benjamin J J. Mccormick, Stephanie A. Richard, Laura E. Caulfield, Laura L. Pendergast, Jessica C. Seidman, Beena Koshy, Reeba Roshan, Rita Shrestha, Erling Svensen, Muneera Rasheed

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Child cognitive development is influenced by early-life insults and protective factors. To what extent these factors have a long-term legacy on child development and hence fulfillment of cognitive potential is unknown.
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relation between early-life factors (birth to 2 y) and cognitive development at 5 y.
Methods: Observational follow-up visits were made of children at 5 y, previously enrolled in the community-based MAL-ED longitudinal cohort. The burden of enteropathogens, prevalence of illness, complementary diet intake, micronutrient status, and household and maternal factors from birth to 2 y were extensively measured …

Implementation Of An Inpatient Diabetes Team: Impact On Hypoglycemia Recurrence, Martha Bertin, Elva Diaz

All Publications

No abstract provided.

Retrospective Evaluation Of Weight Loss In Maine Medical Center Cancer Institute (Mmcci) Patients Receiving Radiation Treatment For Head And Neck Cancer, Julian Johnson, David Debartolo-Stone, Jessica Moore, Ruth Hanselman, Stephen Tyzik, Suneela Nayak, Amy Sparks

Operations Transformation

Treatment for head and neck cancer often results in weight loss as a side effect. One option to mitigate this weight loss is placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement. Radiation oncologists at a academic tertiary medical center discuss the option of PEG placement during patient consultation.

A retrospective evaluation of weight loss in patients receiving radiation was conducted over a two-year period. The goal of this data collection was to create a standard for oncology consultations regarding PEG tube placement.

Baseline metrics and a root cause analysis drove subsequent data collection steps. After analyzing the raw data, …

Challenges Of Implementing An Individual Randomized Controlled Trial (Women First: Preconception Maternal Nutrition Study) In A Rural Study Site: A Case Study From Pakistan, Sumera Aziz Ali, Umber S. Khan, Farina Abrejo, Sarah Saleem, Michael K. Hambidge, Nancy F. Krebs, Jamie E. Westcott, Robert L. Goldenberg, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Omrana Pasha

Community Health Sciences

Persistent global disparities in maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with poor maternal nutrition provided the genesis of the Women First (WF) study, an individually randomized controlled trial on preconceptional maternal nutrition. This article describes the challenges that arose in implementing this trial related to nutrition or diet of the mother, in District Thatta-Pakistan. During different phases of the study, we encountered problems in identifying the eligible participants, taking consent from couples, randomizing participants in different arms, conducting biweekly follow-up visits on time, ensuring compliance to the intervention, and measuring the primary outcome within the 24 hours of birth. Each challenge …

Short Relative Leg Length Is Associated With Overweight And Obesity In Mexican Immigrant Women, Mireya Vilar-Compte, James Macinko, Beth C. Weitzman, Carlos M. Avendaño-Villela

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Background: Prior research suggests that undernutrition and enteric infections predispose children to stunted growth. Undernutrition and infections have been associated with limited access to healthy diets, lack of sanitation, and access barriers to healthcare - all associated with human rights. Stunting has also been documented to be a major determinant of subsequent obesity and non-communicable diseases. Short leg length relative to stature during adulthood seems to be a good proxy indicator tracking such barriers, and has been reported to be associated with adverse health effects during adulthood. Our objective was to examine the association between relative leg length (as measured …

Part I: Complete Dentures And Diabetes Correlation, Ibeth Erazo

Publications and Research

Diabetes is one of the most frequent pathologies that dentists encounter, due to its high prevalence worldwide. The aim of this study is to present the correlation between diabetes and complete denture wearers, intending to emphasize the importance of proper control and denture adaptation to oral environment for this type of patient. Within the sphere of the dental office, one of the main complications to consider in this type of patient is periodontal disease, which is their most frequent complication. Other important oral manifestations considered in the research are fungal infections, xerostomia, and burning mouth syndrome. It is common for …

Physician Gender Impact On Obesity Care In The Academic Ambulatory Setting, Peggy R. Cyr Md, Christina Holt Md, Msc, Amy Haskins Phd, Karyn King Md, Robert Post Md, Derjung M. Tarn, Arch Mainous Phd

Journal of Maine Medical Center

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess a nationally representative sample of academic family physicians to determine whether personal physician characteristics are associated with attitudes towards and care of overweight and/or obese patients.

METHODS: Questions pertaining to physician’s interactions with overweight and obese patients was administered as the 2012 Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance (CERA) survey to academic family physicians. We analyzed self-reported demographic responses physicians gave with the main outcome the association between self-reported likelihood of engaging in weight loss discussions with overweight or obese patients and physicians’ personal characteristics …

Development Of A Pediatric Model Of Nafld In Neonatal Iberian Pigs, Gabriella Veronica Hernandez, Victoria Alice Smith, Morgan Coffin, Daniel Columbus, Matthew Burd, Kimberly Sprayberry, Mark Edwards, Daniel Peterson, Darin Bennett, Robert Fanter, Christopher Kitts, Michael La Frano, Margaret Rice, Douglas Burrin, Magdalena Maj, Rodrigo Manjarin

Master's Theses

The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children has increased over the past decades, creating a need for animal models that recapitulate the features of the pediatric disease. Iberian pigs have a leptin-resistant phenotype characterized by hyperleptinemia, hyperphagia, and extreme adipogenesis. We hypothesized that neonatal Iberian pigs fed a high fat high-fructose (HFF) diet will develop a pattern of liver injury resembling pediatric NAFLD. In addition, we sought to determine if a mixture of probiotics would prevent the disease. Animals were fed 1 of 4 diets containing (g/kg body weight × d) 0 g fructose, 11 g fat …

The Effects Of A Low-Glycemic Index Diabetes Management Program On Weight, Body Mass Index, Triglycerides, Cholesterol And Hemoglobin A1c Values, Morgan Williston

Master's Theses

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of a low-glycemic index diet on weight, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, cholesterol levels, and hemoglobin A1c

(HbA1c) following participation in a 12-hour outpatient diabetes self- management education (DSME) program. This DSME program is unique as it

focuses on a low-glycemic index diet rather than the traditional carbohydrate consistent diet to control blood glucose levels. Health outcomes obtained post participation were compared to baseline data. Participants were 283 individuals with type 2 diabetes including 94 (33%) men and 189 (67%) women, with a mean baseline HbA1c of 8.7 ±2.2%. Statistically significant …

The Roles Of An Evidence-Based Weight Management Protocol In Hypertension Control, Belinda Akakpo Maxwell

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

The Roles of an Evidence-Based Weight Management Protocol in Hypertension Control

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this project is to evaluate the impact of a healthcare provider-led protocol for patients with hypertension (HTN) and weight loss needs to improve weight control, cardiovascular risk and quality of life.

Background: Evidence shows that a 1.2-kg weight loss can reduce systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 3.8mmHg. Thus, a 10kg (22lbs) weight loss is likely to yield a SBP decrease of as much as 32mmHg. Such results would positively impact quality of life and costs. The simple approach of instructing patients to eat less …

Typical Diet Quality In New Zealand Compared To Other Westernized Countries With An Emphasis On Chronic Disease, Emily Kollar

Honors Projects

The diet quality was analyzed for people living in New Zealand and people living in other Westernized Countries (United States, Canada, Western Europe) based on the dietary guidelines. Diet quality was analyzed by looking at consumption of food groups such as fruits, vegetables, meat, and seafood as well as nutrients such as saturated/trans/unsaturated fat, sodium, and added sugars. These nutrients have been linked to certain health outcomes and chronic disease; therefore, the prevalence of chronic disease was researched to determine if there was a correlation between New Zealand's diet and their chronic disease rates in comparison to other Westernized countries.