Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Commons^™

The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Pediatric Obesity In School-Aged Children, Amaani Faizal, Maryanna Schweininger, Suzanna Hosein

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

The prevalence of childhood obesity in those aged 2-19 in the United States was 19.3% in 2017-2018. Childhood obesity is a major health concern with growing rates of incidence. Being overweight or obese put children at risk for developing several chronic conditions such as coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and asthma at a younger age. Studies have shown that higher BMI numbers in childhood added an increased risk of being obese as an adult.

The pathophysiology of developing obesity includes several complex factors ranging from nutrition, physical activity, genetic background and lifestyle preferences. Among children, nutrition and …

Trends In Pediatric Obesity Of School-Aged Children During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Maryanna Schweininger, Amaani Faizal, Suzanna Hosein

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, children have been more sedentary due to nationwide school closures resulting in classes being held virtually. Due to restrictions, children could no longer participate in physical education classes and after school activities at the same frequency. The pandemic also placed a disproportionate burden on low-income families thus, potentially amplifying food insecurity. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on childhood obesity.

Case Report: Thyrotoxic Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis, Kelly Schuitema, Wayne Tamaska, Robin Lahr

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Thyrotoxic crisis, or thyroid storm, is an acute, life threatening event caused by hyperthyroidism with mortality up to 8-25% that can present with multi-system organ involvement. It is a rare, but well studied complication in the emergency department but can lead to further, less common complications. In this study we will discuss a case of thyrotoxic hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Thyrotoxic hypokalemic periodic paralysis (TPP) most commonly affects Asian men. The key features of the syndrome include acute onset of hypokalemia and paralysis. The hypokalemic aspect of the disorder is secondary to the shift intracellularly by thyroid hormones’ sensitization of Na+/K+-ATPase …

Examining The Relationship Between Adolescent Obesity Rates And School Health Programs In Grades 9-12 In The United States, Joseph Melillo, Alison Mancuso

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

- In the United States, it was found that the prevalence of obese adolescents ages 12-19 was 21.2%.1

- According to a study by Ward et. al published in the New England Journal of Health (NEJH), the researchers estimated 88.2% of obese 19-year-olds would still be obese by the age of 35.2

- The purpose of this study was to evaluate school provided health programs and their impact on BMI values of students within these schools.

- This study aimed to compare health outcomes between different schools across the United States and identify aspects of school programming that can be …

A Case Of Diabulimia In A 23-Year-Old Woman With Extensive Comorbidities, Stephen Poos, Kaitlin Mcgowan, Ashaki Martin

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Diabulimia is defined as intentionally withholding insulin injections for the purpose of weight loss in the setting of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D).

It is characterized as an eating disorder (ED), although it does not yet have DSM diagnosis status.

Recognition of the condition among medical professionals is limited but growing.

Case Study Of Metformin-Induced Lactic Acidosis, Kajel Patel, Kishan B. Patel

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Metformin induced lactic acidosis is when high levels of metformin cause dangerously high levels of lactic acid. Here is a case report of a 72-year-old female who came in for nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea found to have a high suspicion for metformin induced lactic acidosis. She stabilized in the emergency department, nephrology and ICU was contacted, and she went for emergent dialysis. For many patients the prognosis of metformin induced lactic acidosis is poor. This patient was made comfort care by her family.

Plant-Based Diets And Metabolic Syndrome: Evaluating The Influence Of Diet Quality, Lydia Mcgrath

Honors Scholar Theses

Background: Diet plays a critical role in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Plant-based diets (PBDs) have demonstrated a broad range of health benefits, including a protective effect against MetS. Most research on this topic has focused on PBDs as a whole, without considering the influence of diet quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between plant-based diet quality and biomarkers of MetS.

Methods: Data were obtained from a clinical nutrition study at the University of Connecticut. 29 participants with MetS were included. PBD quality was assessed using 2 measures: healthful PBD index (hPDI) …

Parental Engagement To Influence Child Nutrition Habits, Mariah Van Ardenne

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

Brighter Bites Salinas is a non-profit agency whose mission is to create healthy communities through fresh food. They do this by providing nutrition education to children and delivering free, fresh produce to parents. In the United States, obesity and food insecurity are common, intertwined issues among children. The contributing factors to these entangled issues are associated with living in poverty, acculturation of minority groups, and negative parental influence. The consequences of this include increased risk of chronic diseases, high-cost treatments, and mental health issues. This capstone project was created to positively engage parents in nutrition education to influence their children’s …

Childhood Mortality During And After Acute Illness In Africa And South Asia: A Prospective Cohort Study, Childhood Acute Illness And Nutrition (Chain) Network, Abdoulaye Hama Diallo, Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin Shahid, Ali Fazal Khan, Ali Faisal Saleem, Benson O. Singa, Blaise Siezanga Gnoumou, Caroline Tigoi, Syed Asad Ali, Zaubina Kazi

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Mortality among children with acute illness in low-income and middle-income settings remains unacceptably high and the importance of post-discharge mortality is increasingly recognised. We aimed to explore the epidemiology of deaths among young children with acute illness across sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia to inform the development of interventions and improved guidelines.
Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled children aged 2-23 months with acute illness, stratified by nutritional status defined by anthropometry (ie, no wasting, moderate wasting, or severe wasting or kwashiorkor), who were admitted to one of nine hospitals in six countries across sub-Saharan Africa and …

Etracellular Vesicles From Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg Protect Against Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury Through Suppression Of Intestinal Mir 194 And Subsequent Activation Of Fxr In Mice., Mengwei Jiang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Numerous studies have reported the efficacy of probiotics for alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). These studies indicate a strong interest among the scientific and medical communities in identifying alternative or adjunctive approaches for ALD, for which there is no effective or widely accepted therapeutic option. However, in-depth molecular knowledge on how probiotics render their effects is lacking. Patients with ALD often have increased hepatic bile acids (BAs), which can be toxic and are an important causative factor in liver injury and hepatocyte death. BAs are released into the intestines and serve not only as a “detergent” to promote fat absorption, but …

Emotional Eating Among Final Year Undergraduate Female Students Of Faculty Of Public Health Universitas Indonesia During Covid-19 Pandemic In 2021, Adinda Safira Salsabiela, Wahyu Kurnia Yusrin Putra

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Emotional eating is defined as the tendency to excessively consuming food which often high in sugar, salt, and fat levels in response to negative emotions. Uncontrolled emotional eating will increase the risk of eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and type II diabetes. This study aims to find out about the relationship between perceived stress, anxiety, academic stressors, social media engagement, COVID-19 infection history in respondent and their family members, and mindfulness with emotional eating among 106 final year undergraduate female students of the Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic …

Carbohydrate Intake Is Associated With Learning Concentration Among High School Students In Jember Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia, Nadya Parahita Handini, Triyanti Triyanti, Kusharisupeni Djokosujono

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Low learning concentration will have impact on low academic performance. This study aims to determine the relationship between learning concentration and several factors and to find the most dominant factor in the students of SMAN 1 Jember. In this study, learning concentration was the dependent variable, while breakfast habits, nutrient intake (energy, carbohydrates, protein, fat, iron, zinc, vitamin B12, vitamin C), sleep quality, and physical activity were independent variables. This research is a quantitative study with cross-sectional design. This study conducted in June 2021 at SMAN 1 Jember with a total of 200 respondents who were selected using the quota …

Current Intake And Infection Status Were Not Good Predictive Factors Of Stunting Among Children Aged 6-59 Months In Babakan Madang Sub-District, Bogor District, West Java, Indonesia, Ruth Desinta Purnamasari, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika, Trini Sudarti

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

This study aims to discover the prevalence of stunting and determine the associations between the history of pulmonary tuberculosis disease with the prevalence of stunting among children under five years of age (6-59 months) in Babakan Madang Sub-District, Bogor District 2019. This study uses a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach. The sample in this research was 194 children under five obtained by cluster sampling. Data collection was conducted through May 2019. The data collection process includes anthropometric measurements using calibrated microtoise and digital length board, dietary assessment using 1 x 24-h food recall, and a self-administered questionnaire. Data analyses …

Nutrition Analysis Of Wood Apple (Limonia Acidissima), Yuliana Noor Setiawati Ulvie, Hapsari Sulistya Kusuma, Erma Handarsari

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

Wood apple or Limonia acidissima contains fruit acid, vitamins, and minerals. The dry fiber of the fruit contains 15% citric acid, potassium, calcium, and iron salt. The seed and pulp contain fats and protein. The fats consist of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid, despite palmitoleic and stearic acid traces. β-sitosterol, β-Amirin, lupeol, and stigmasterol are from the unsaponifiable matter of seed oil. It was descriptive research that employed a laboratory experiment approach to determine the composition of total carbohydrate, total protein, total fats, water, ash content, and the crude fiber of wood apple. The research found …

Effect Of Health And Nutrition Education On Blood Pressure, Knowledge And Compliance Among Hypertensive Patients In Bogor District, Indonesia: A Control Quasi-Experiment, Nurul Dina Rahmawati, Hasbullah Thabrany, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika

Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN)

With a high prevalence of hypertension (25.8% in 2013 and 34.1% in 2018), Indonesia currently deals with a tremendous health economic burden with the implementation of National Health Insurance (JKN). Hypertension is known to lead to severe complications and productivity loss. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of health and nutrition education on blood pressure knowledge and compliance among hypertension patients. The study was conducted over a period of 6 months in Bogor District. A total of 179 patients (64%) completed the study (intervention n = 88, control n = 91). Compared to the control group, patients in the …

Prevention Of Diabetes-Related Hospital Readmission Following Initial Diagnosis Of Diabetes In Patients Over The Age Of Fifty: A Scoping Review, Nathan Miller Dnp, Agacnp, Fnp, Jasmine Harris Dnp, Fnp, Michael Clardy Dnp, Agacnp, Diana Dedmon Dnp, Acnp, Fnp-Bc

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background: By reviewing multiple studies related to the treatment of patients with new diagnoses of diabetes, this scoping review will endeavor to determine which interventions, when implemented for patients over 50 years old which are newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, can decrease the likelihood of hospital readmission related to diabetes within 90 days when compared with those patients who did not receive or participate in follow-up.

Methods: For resources to be eligible to review they had to be from 2015 or after. Studies selected included patients over the age of 50 newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes subject to …

Review Of Diabetes Among Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People, Katherine Ride, Samantha Burrow

Journal of the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet

Diabetes is the fastest growing chronic disease condition globally. Type 2 diabetes in particular, has reached epidemic proportions, with the greatest burden falling on socially disadvantaged groups and Indigenous peoples.

This review focuses primarily on type 2 diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, which is responsible for the majority of cases of diabetes in this population. It provides general information on the social and cultural context of diabetes, and the behavioural and biomedical factors that contribute to diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

This review provides detailed information on:

• the extent of diabetes among Aboriginal and …

Vitamin D Level Testing In An Urban Midwest Clinic: To Test Or Not To Test?, Daniel Mundt, Marianne Klumph, Kayla Heslin, Wajih Askar

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is significantly higher among urban populations in the U.S. Midwest, with African Americans being disproportionately affected. There is ongoing debate surrounding who and how often individuals should be screened for VDD. This study aimed to understand the prevalence of VDD, associated risk factors, and discrepancies in testing at an urban-based internal medicine residency clinic. Data were retrospectively collected on all adult patients seen by the clinic during 2018 and descriptive statistical analysis performed. Among 3976 total patients (mean age: 53 years), 18% (n = 698) had vitamin D levels analyzed, with deficiency found in 71% of …

Association Between Self-Reported Body Mass Index And Active Life Expectancy In A Large Community-Dwelling Sample Of Older U.S. Adults, Haomiao Jia, Erica I. Lubetkin

Publications and Research

Background: Obesity may have a protective effect (greater survival) in older adults, a finding known as the "obesity paradox." This study examined the association between self-reported body mass index (BMI) and active life expectancy (ALE) among older U.S. adults.

Methods: Using the Medicare Health Outcomes Survey Cohort 15 (2012 baseline, 2014 follow-up), we estimated life expectancy and ALE by participants' baseline BMI and age using multi-state models. A participant was classified as in an active state if this person reported having no difficulty for any of these six activities of daily living (ADLs).

Results: Small differences in life expectancy were …

Brown Fat In Humans: The Significance Of Thermogenic Active Tissue, Brett T. Swanson

Student Publications

Brown adipose tissue is a metabolically active form of fat in the body that performs a crucial function in non-shivering thermogenesis. It can be compared to the prevalent white adipose tissue which is generally understood to be energy storage in the body, with brown tissue performing an opposing role. The tissue itself contains unique gene and protein markers such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) which allows for the thermogenic process inside the cell, burning lipids to do so. These gene and protein markers have proven to be crucial in the detection of brown adipose tissue, which had previously been thought …