Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Commons^™

Michigan Food Insecurity, Food Access, And Food Worries During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Alyssa W. Beavers, Michelle M. Litton

Nutrition and Food Science Faculty Research Publications

No abstract provided.

Examining Provider Perceptions And Roles Associated To Breastfeeding Support And Medical Management In Primary Care, Meghan Ganio Molinari

Graduate Theses

Background: Human milk is recommended as the exclusive source of nutrition for all infants in the first six months of life. Current rates of exclusive breastfeeding at six months are well below the public health recommendations (24.9% as of 2015). New mothers may experience many challenges which impact both breastfeeding initiation and duration rates in the postpartum period. Studies indicate that breastfeeding rates improve when women receive a combination of prenatal education coupled with postnatal support. Primary care practitioners in outpatient settings have a unique opportunity to provide lactation education, support, and medical management for their patients to improve …

Identifying Baseline Characteristics For Consideration Of Prophylactic Feeding Tube Placement In Persons Undergoing Chemoradiotherapy For Head And Neck Cancer: A Retrospective Chart Review, Kenna Kita, Janine Gilboy Rd, Cso, Ldn, Erin Levine Rd, Cso, Ldn, Brian J. Patson Md, Jennifer Brennan Ms, Rd, Cso

Research Scholars Poster Presentation

No abstract provided.

Nutrinews: August, 2020, Department Of Nutrition And Dietetics, University Of North Florida

NutriNews

This issue features the following articles: How the "smart snacks" law has improved student diet nationwide, The propertied of bread with the addition of quinoa flour, Research around the world: the effect of zinc supplementation on infection in the elderly.

Profound And Redundant Functions Of Arcuate Neurons In Obesity Development, Canjun Zhu, Zhiying Jiang, Yuanzhong Xu, Zhao-Lin Cai, Qingyan Jiang, Yong Xu, Mingshan Xue, Benjamin R Arenkiel, Qi Wu, Gang Shu, Qingchun Tong

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The current obesity epidemic faces a lack of mechanistic insights. It is known that the acute activity changes of a growing number of brain neurons rapidly alter feeding behaviour; however, how these changes translate to obesity development and the fundamental mechanism underlying brain neurons in controlling body weight remain elusive. Here, we show that chronic activation of hypothalamic arcuate GABAergic (GABA

Diet, Nutrition, And Substance Use Disorder, Mateja R. Savoie-Roskos, Ashley Yaugher, Alise Williams Condie, Gabriela Murza, Maren Wright Voss, Kandice Atisme

All Current Publications

Consuming a healthy diet can benefit everyone—especially individuals with substance use disorder (SUD), a disorder that occurs when frequent use of drugs or alcohol causes impairment, health issues, and difficulties with managing daily responsibilities (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], 2020). Although often overlooked, nutrition can play a key role in the treatment and recovery process for individuals with SUD, and should be included as part of a holistic approach toward recovery. In this fact sheet we will review how diet and nutrition are impacted during an active addiction, and the influence nutrition can have on treatment and …

Paraventricular Hypothalamus Mediates Diurnal Rhythm Of Metabolism, Eun Ran Kim, Yuanzhong Xu, Ryan M Cassidy, Yungang Lu, Yongjie Yang, Jinbin Tian, De-Pei Li, Rachel Van Drunen, Aleix Ribas-Latre, Zhao-Lin Cai, Mingshan Xue, Benjamin R Arenkiel, Kristin Eckel-Mahan, Yong Xu, Qingchun Tong

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Defective rhythmic metabolism is associated with high-fat high-caloric diet (HFD) feeding, ageing and obesity; however, the neural basis underlying HFD effects on diurnal metabolism remains elusive. Here we show that deletion of BMAL1, a core clock gene, in paraventricular hypothalamic (PVH) neurons reduces diurnal rhythmicity in metabolism, causes obesity and diminishes PVH neuron activation in response to fast-refeeding. Animal models mimicking deficiency in PVH neuron responsiveness, achieved through clamping PVH neuron activity at high or low levels, both show obesity and reduced diurnal rhythmicity in metabolism. Interestingly, the PVH exhibits BMAL1-controlled rhythmic expression of GABA-A receptor γ2 subunit, and dampening …

A 2-Hour Diabetes Self-Management Education Program For Patients With Low Socioeconomic Status Improves Short-Term Glycemic Control, Michael G. Jakoby Iv, Melissa Schleder, Vickie Luff, Cynthia Yergler, Albert Botchway, Cheryl Burns

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Diabetes self-management education (DSME) improves glycemic control, but patients with low socioeconomic status face institutional and personal barriers to receiving DSME. A retrospective single cohort study of a 2-hour group DSME program prioritizing accessibility and completion of a tightly focused curriculum was performed to determine if glycemic control improved and whether a longer, more comprehensive, prospective evaluation of the program is indicated. All patients who participated in the program from September 2017 to December 2018 were included in the analysis. The primary study endpoint was change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from baseline. A total of 58 out of 94 patients …

Do Adults Utilizing Intermittent Fasting Improve Lipids More Than Those Following A Restricted-Calorie Diet? A Clin-Iq, Mitchell A. Sanford, Tracy S. Sanford, K. F. Campbell, Dustin Davis, Tammy Tandberg, L. N. Eagle Road

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

With approximately 95 million Americans diagnosed with high cholesterol, and many searching for a nonmedicinal treatment, intermittent fasting as a method to improve health has become increasingly popular in the lay public. We conducted a clinical inquiry to determine whether intermittent fasting is superior to a low-calorie diet in improving lipids, searching the Cochrane, EBSCOhost, Embase, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases using the terms intermittent fasting, lipids, and calorie-restricted diet. Studies that included surgical weight loss or medicine-assisted weight loss were excluded. We identified 6 published studies, 5 of which were randomized controlled trials. In reviewing the selected studies, …

Solubility Of Carbon Dioxide In Renneted Casein Matrices: Effect Of Ph, Salt, Temperature, Partial Pressure, And Moisture To Protein Ratio, Prabin Lamichhane, Prateek Sharma, Alan L. Kelly, Jens Risbo, Fergal P. Rattray, Jeremiah J. Sheehan

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

The solubility of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the moisture and protein components of cheese matrices and the influence of changing pH, salt and temperature levels remains unclear. In this study, model casein matrices were prepared, by renneting of micellar casein concentrate (MCC), with modulation of salt and pH levels by adding salt and glucono delta-lactone, respectively, to the MCC solutions prior to renneting. Different moisture-to-protein levels were achieved by freeze-drying, incubation of samples at different relative humidities, or by applying varying pressures during gel manufacture. The CO2 solubility of samples decreased linearly with both increasing temperature and salt-in-moisture content, whereas …

Consumption Of Added Sugars By Rural Residents Of Southwest Virginia, Maryam Yuhas, Valisa Hedrick, Jamie Zoellner

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: Nationally, rural residents have high consumption of added sugars, yet the top sources have not been explored. Characterizing added-sugar intake in high sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumers in rural areas is an important step to help inform interventions and policies.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to explore the top food and beverage sources of added sugar and to examine variations by sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from a randomized-controlled trial to reduce SSB in eight rural Appalachian counties. Data were obtained from baseline demographic surveys and three 24-hour dietary recalls. Dietary analyses included deriving AS …

Disrupted Hypothalamic Crh Neuron Responsiveness Contributes To Diet-Induced Obesity, Canjun Zhu, Yuanzhong Xu, Zhiying Jiang, Jin Bin Tian, Ryan M Cassidy, Zhao-Lin Cai, Gang Shu, Yong Xu, Mingshan Xue, Benjamin R Arenkiel, Qingyan Jiang, Qingchun Tong

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The current obesity epidemic mainly results from high-fat high-caloric diet (HFD) feeding and may also be contributed by chronic stress; however, the neural basis underlying stress-related diet-induced obesity remains unknown. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH), a known body weight-regulating region, represent one key group of stress-responsive neurons. Here, we found that HFD feeding blunted PVH CRH neuron response to nutritional challenges as well as stress stimuli and dexamethesone, which normally produce rapid activation and inhibition on these neurons, respectively. We generated mouse models with the activity of these neurons clamped at high or low levels, both …

Application Of A Cascade Membrane Filtration Process To Standardise Serum Protein Depleted Cheese Milk For Cheddar Cheese Manufacture, Xiaofeng Xia, John B. Tobin, Prateek Sharma, Mark Fenelon, Paul L.H. Mcsweeney, Jeremiah J. Sheehan

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

A cascade membrane filtration process including microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) was used to fractionate skim milk into different streams. Significant quantities of lactose and minerals were removed to permeate after MF at 0.14 μm. Cheese milk, of similar casein content to the raw milk, was standardised simultaneously for casein, lactose, ash and total calcium from the membrane streams without requiring CaCl2 and lactose addition. Serum protein depleted cheese milk of typical casein content had similar rennet coagulability, cheese composition, texture and yield to the control; milk of 1.5 × casein content had a faster coagulation rate …

Nutrinews: July, 2020, Department Of Nutrition And Dietetics, University Of North Florida

NutriNews

This issue features COVID-19 Fall Updates, Research Around The World: Meal Patterns and Cooking Practices in Southern France and Central England, The Growing Role of Nutrition in Recovery Therapy

Parenteral Lipids Shape Gut Bile Acid Pools And Microbiota Profiles In The Prevention Of Cholestasis In Preterm Pigs, Lee Call, Tiffany Molina, Barbara Stoll, Greg Guthrie, Shaji Chacko, Jogchum Plat, Jason Robinson, Sen Lin, Caitlin Vonderohe, Mahmoud Mohammad, Dennis Kunichoff, Stephanie Cruz, Patricio Lau, Muralidhar Premkumar, Jon Nielsen, Zhengfeng Fang, Oluyinka Olutoye, Thomas Thymann, Robert Britton, Per Sangild, Douglas Burrin

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Multi-component lipid emulsions, rather than soy-oil emulsions, prevent cholestasis by an unknown mechanism. Here, we quantified liver function, bile acid pools, and gut microbial and metabolite profiles in premature parenterally fed pigs given a soy-oil lipid emulsion, Intralipid (IL), a multi component lipid emulsion, SMOFlipid (SMOF), a novel emulsion with a modified fatty-acid composition [experimental emulsion (EXP)], or a control enteral diet (ENT) for 22 days. We assayed serum cholestasis markers, measured total bile acid levels in plasma, liver, and gut contents, and analyzed colonic bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences and metabolomic profiles. Serum cholestasis markers (i.e., bilirubin, bile acids, …

The Consequences Of Exercise-Induced Weight Loss On Food Reinforcement. A Randomized Controlled Trial, Kyle D. Flack, Harry M. Hays, Jack Moreland

Dietetics and Human Nutrition Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Obesity remains a primary threat to the health of most Americans, with over 66% considered overweight or obese with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 or greater. A common treatment option many believe to be effective, and therefore turn to, is exercise. However, the amount of weight loss from exercise training is often disappointingly less than expected with greater amounts of exercise not always promoting greater weight loss. Increases in energy intake have been prescribed as the primary reason for this lack of weight loss success with exercise. Research has mostly focused on alterations in hormonal mediators …

Teachers’ Perceptions And Understanding Of Children’S Fluid Intake, Kristy Howells, Tara Coppinger

Publications

No public health data exists on elementary teachers’ perceptions of both their own fluid intake and of their elementary school aged children’s fluid intake. A total of 271 (20 males, 251 females) teachers in developed areas of Australia, Belgium, England, Ireland, United Arab Emirates, and the United States of America completed an online questionnaire (Feb–Mar 2019) on: (i) their fluid intake, (ii) their perception and understanding of children’s fluid intake and (iii) barriers in the school day that they felt prevented school children consuming fluids. Overall, the data indicated that teachers consume considerably lower amounts than recommended themselves, but have …

Alteration Of Iron Responsive Gene Expression In Arabidopsis Glutaredoxin S17 Loss Of Function Plants With Or Without Iron Stress, Ninghui Cheng, Han Yu, Xiaolan Rao, Sunghun Park, Erin L Connolly, Kendal D Hirschi, Paul A Nakata

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Iron (Fe) is a mineral nutrient and a metal cofactor essential for plants. Iron limitation can have detrimental effects on plant growth and development, while excess iron inside plant cells leads to oxidative damage. As a result, plants have evolved complex regulatory networks to respond to fluctuations in cellular iron concentrations. The mechanisms that regulate these responses however, are not fully understood. Heterologous expression of an Arabidopsis thaliana monothiol glutaredoxin S17 (GRXS17) suppresses the over-accumulation of iron in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Grx3/Grx4 mutant and disruption of GRXS17 causes plant sensitivity to exogenous oxidants and iron deficiency stress. GRXS17 may act …

Nutrition Beliefs And Practices Among Generation Z, Cassandra Mason, Amber Wagstaff

Loma Linda University Research Reports

Background: Life expectancy is decreasing, and childhood obesity is increasing. Limited research has been conducted on the nutrition beliefs and practices of Generation Z and the potential discrepancies between the two.

Objective: Assess the nutrition beliefs and whether these beliefs translate into practices among the 18-24 age group of Generation Z.

Design: Anonymous survey (nutrition belief-based and practice-based) provided via QR code accessible through Facebook, E-mails and text message.

Participants: There were 74 participants recruited through Facebook, E-mail, flyer and word of mouth. Individuals 18-24 years of age were included in the study. Those majoring in …

The Association Between Nutrition-Focused Instagram Accounts And Nutrition Knowledge And Food Choices In Instagram Users, Briana Bender, Cenida Gomez-Flores

Loma Linda University Research Reports

Background: Instagram is a fairly unregulated social media platform that is reported as having over 250 million daily users. As this social network is frequently used to seek out health-related information, misleading nutrition information could potentially have a detrimental effect on the public’s health. Thus, it may be beneficial for nutrition and dietetic practitioners to be present on Instagram to offer credible nutrition information to the many Instagram users.

Objective: To examine the effects that nutrition-focused Instagram accounts have on nutrition knowledge and food choices of Instagram users.

Design: A cross-sectional random sample of Instagram users completed …