Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Commons^™

Effectiveness Of Education For Type 1 Diabetes Patient's Caregivers At Loma Linda University Health, Epiphaneia Juarez

Loma Linda University Research Reports

Diabetes education is essential for patients and families to improve quality of life and minimize the challenges and complications of living with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). The aim of the research study is to evaluate the knowledge and nutritional practices of caregivers in the management of T1DM in pediatric patients. 20 subjects were recruited at the Loma Linda University Children’s Hospital (LLUCH) Pediatric Diabetes Center before their outpatient T1DM class. A demographic survey, nutrition knowledge survey (NKS), and a 24-hour recall were administered to participants. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to evaluate NKS total score among binary variables …

Adjusting For Covariates Representing Potential Confounders, Mediators, Or Competing Predictors In The Presence Of Measurement Error: Dispelling A Potential Misapprehension And Insights For Optimal Study Design With Nutritional Epidemiology Examples, Roger S Zoh, Diana M Thomas, Carmen D Tekwe, Xiaoxin Yu, Colby J Vorland, Nikhil V Dhurandhar, David M Klurfeld, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Variables such as dietary intake are measured with error yet frequently used in observational epidemiology. Although this limitation is sometimes noted, these variables are still often modeled as covariates without formal correction or sincere dialogue about measurement unreliability potentially weakening the validity of statistical conclusions. Further, larger sample sizes increase power (bias) to detect spurious correlations. Counterintuitively, recent work suggested a non-monotonic relationship between confounder unreliability and how much controlling for the confounder reduces (or induces) bias when testing for an exposure-outcome association. If true, such non-monotonicity would be especially concerning for applications such as nutrition, where measurement reliability …

Catalyzing Communities Of Research Rigour Champions, Audrey C Brumback, William X Q Ngiam, Dana M Lapato, David B Allison, Christin L Daniels, Michael Dougherty, Haley F Hazlett, Kara L Kerr, Susan Pusek, Naomi Schrag

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The biomedical sciences must maintain and enhance a research culture that prioritizes rigour and transparency. The US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke convened a workshop entitled 'Catalyzing Communities of Research Rigor Champions' that brought together a diverse group of leaders in promoting research rigour and transparency (identified as 'rigour champions') to discuss strategies, barriers and resources for catalyzing technical, cultural and educational changes in the biomedical sciences. This article summarizes 2 days of panels and discussions and provides an overview of critical barriers to research rigour, perspectives behind reform initiatives and considerations for stakeholders across science. Additionally, we …

Breakfast Skipping In College Students And Its Association With Eating Behaviors, Rebekah E. May

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Background: Breakfast is important in maintaining optimal diet quality and decreasing preventable diet-related disease later in life. Breakfast skipping is highly prevalent in the college population, potentially decreasing self-regulation and diet quality and increasing habits of overeating. However, specific eating styles and diet quality have yet to be studied in breakfast skippers.

Objective: To explore and compare the characteristics of eating style, self-regulation, and diet quality among college students between a day when breakfast is skipped and a day when breakfast is consumed.

Methodology: Undergraduate students (n=103) participating in this observational crossover study completed demographics, the Self-regulation of Eating Behavior …

The Gut Microbiome Modulates Associations Between Adherence To A Mediterranean-Style Diet, Abdominal Adiposity, And C-Reactive Protein In Population-Level Analysis, Amy Jennings, Tilman Kühn, Nicola P. Bondonno, Sabina Waniek, Corinna Bang, Andre Franke, Jan Kassubek, Hans-Peter Müller, Marcus Both, Katharina S. Weber, Wolfgang Lieb, Aedín Cassidy

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Adherence to a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern is likely to have variable effects on body composition, but the impact of gut microbiome on this relationship is unknown. Objectives: To examine the potential mediating effect of the gut microbiome on the associations between Alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMed) scores, abdominal adiposity, and inflammation in population-level analysis. Design: In a community-based sample aged 25 to 83 y (n = 620; 41% female) from Northern Germany, we assessed the role of the gut microbiome, sequenced from 16S rRNA genes, on the associations between aMed scores, estimated using validated food-frequency questionnaires, magnetic resonance imaging-determined visceral …

Differing Impacts Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Farmers And Intermediaries: Insights Into The Ecuadorian Cocoa Value Chain, Guillermo Zambrano, Lina M Tennhardt, Moritz Egger, Karen Ramírez, Adriana Santos, Byron Moyano, Michael Curran

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic generated diverse impacts and responses in agricultural value chains worldwide. Cocoa is a key crop for Ecuadorian exports, and the analysis of effects the pandemic had on value chain actors contributes to the understanding of their individual capacities to coping with a major shock. The purpose of this study was to assess the number and severity of impacts and responses implemented by two links in the cocoa value chain to the pandemic, based on a survey of 158 cocoa farmers and 52 cocoa intermediaries from the main cocoa-producing provinces of the northern coast of Ecuador in 2021. …

Source-Specific Nitrate And Nitrite Intakes And Associations With Sociodemographic Factors In The Danish Diet Cancer And Health Cohort, Dorit W. Erichsen, Pratik Pokharel, Cecilie Kyrø, Jörg Schullehner, Liezhou Zhong, Catherine P. Bondonno, Frederik Dalgaard, Peter Hendriksen, Torben Sigsgaard, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Anja Olsen, Anne Tjønneland, Nicola P. Bondonno

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: The dietary source and intake levels of nitrate and nitrite may govern its deleterious versus beneficial effects on human health. Existing evidence on detailed source-specific intake is limited. The objectives of this study were to assess nitrate and nitrite intakes from different dietary sources (plant-based foods, animal-based foods, and water), characterize the background diets of participants with low and high intakes, and investigate how sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associate with intake levels. Methods: In the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort, sociodemographic and lifestyle information was obtained from participants at enrolment (1993–1997). Source-dependent nitrate and nitrite intakes were calculated …

Exploring Treatment Burden In People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2dm) In Primary Care Settings, Kai Lin

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Introduction

Treatment burden is the perceived workload of care by individuals. The treatment burden experienced by individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a major obstacle to achieving effective healthcare outcomes. The aim of this research is to facilitate better management of treatment burden in people with T2DM in primary care settings.

Methods

A systematic review, encompassing narrative analysis was used to characterise the treatment burden of T2DM and critical appraisal was used to identify the appropriate patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for measuring this burden. The selected instruments were employed with subsequent questionnaires, followed by patient focus groups. A …

Seven-Day Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Clinically Significantly Improves Basal Macrovascular Function In Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Crossover Clinical Trial, Jocelyn M. Delgado Spicuzza, Jigar Gosalia, Liezhou Zhong, Catherine Bondonno, Kristina S. Petersen, Mary Jane De Souza, Elmira Alipour, Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro, Yasina B. Somani, David N. Proctor

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women, with increased risk following menopause. Dietary intake of beetroot juice and other plant-based nitrate-rich foods is a promising non-pharmacological strategy for increasing systemic nitric oxide and improving endothelial function in elderly populations. The purpose of this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover clinical trial was to determine the effects of short-term dietary nitrate (NO3−) supplementation, in the form of beetroot juice, on resting macrovascular endothelial function and endothelial resistance to whole-arm ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury in postmenopausal women at two distinct stages of menopause. Methods: Early-postmenopausal [1–6 years following their final …

Exploring The Health Benefits Of Raw White Garlic Consumption In Humans: A Mini Review, Rebeka Fejes, Catherine P. Bondonno, Simone Radavelli-Bagatini, Tilman Kühn, Karl Heinz Wagner

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: Raw white garlic, a fundamental food in both culinary and medicinal practices globally, has gained attention for its potential health benefits. Despite widespread use, clinical research has predominantly focused on aged black garlic or garlic extracts, leaving raw white garlic consumption in humans underexplored. This mini review aims to summarize the evidence from clinical and observational studies on the health effects of raw white garlic consumption. Methods: A search in PubMed and Scopus databases was conducted to identify clinical and observational studies on raw white garlic consumption. Twelve clinical trials and 10 observational studies meeting the predefined inclusion criteria …

Higher Plant-Derived Nitrate Intake Is Associated With Lower Odds Of Frailty In A Cross-Sectional Study Of Community-Dwelling Older Women, Eleanor Hayes, Elsa Dent, Oliver M. Shannon, Lie Zhou Zhong, Trent Bozanich, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Kun Zhu, Catherine P. Bondonno, Mario Siervo, Emiel O. Hoogendijk, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Richard L. Prince, Joshua R. Lewis, Marc Sim

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: Dietary nitrate intake is inversely related to numerous contributors towards frailty, including cardiovascular disease and poor physical function. Whether these findings extend to frailty remain unknown. We investigated if habitual nitrate intake, derived from plants or animal-based foods, was cross-sectionally associated with frailty in women. Methods: Community-dwelling older Australian women (n = 1390, mean age 75.1 ± 2.7 years) completed a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nitrate concentrations in food were obtained from international nitrate databases. We adopted the Rockwood frailty index (FI) of cumulative deficits comprising 33 variables across multiple health domains (scored 0 to 1), which …

Barriers And Enablers To A Healthy Food Environment In Australian Childcare Services: Exploring Directors' Perspectives, Amy Kirkegaard, Chris Irwin, Rebecca Byrne, Ros Sambell, Lisa Vincze

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Issue Addressed: Early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings are ideal environments to optimise nutrition and positively influence children's food behaviours. However, recent research has identified the need to improve nutrition policies, food provision, and mealtime environments in Australian ECEC settings. This study explored the perceptions of ECEC directors regarding barriers and enablers to a health-promoting food environment within ECEC services. Methods: Eleven directors from ECEC services in Nerang, Queensland, and surrounding areas, participated in qualitative interviews between March and May 2021. Transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis that followed a deductive-inductive approach employing nutrition-related domains from the Wellness …

A Flavonoid-Rich Diet Is Associated With Lower Risk And Improved Imaging Biomarkers Of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study, William Bell, Amy Jennings, Alysha S. Thompson, Nicola P. Bondonno, Anna Tresserra-Rimbau, Tilman Kühn, Aedín Cassidy

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Mechanistic studies and short-term randomized trials suggest higher intakes of dietary flavonoids may protect against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Objectives: We aimed to perform the first population-based study with long-term follow-up on flavonoid consumption, incident NAFLD, and validated NAFLD biomarkers.

Methods: In a prospective study, we assessed the associations between flavonoid intake based on ≥2 24-h dietary assessments and NAFLD risk among 121,064 adults aged 40–69 y by multivariable Cox regression analyses. We further assessed the associations between flavonoid intake and magnetic resonance imaging-derived liver fat (a subset of n = 11,435) and liver-corrected T1 values (cT1; a …

Editorial: Dietary Nitrate: Friend Or Foe, Liezhou Zhong, Nicola P. Bondonno, Mario Siervo, Catherine P. Bondonno

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

No abstract provided.

Wheatbelt Food Community: Snapshot Report, Isabelle Chiera, Jess Doe, Amanda Devine, Melissa Stoneham, Stephanie L. Godrich

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Food security refers to the adequate physical, social, and economic access to healthy food at all times. The Wheatbelt Food Community project aimed to identify, map, evaluate and strengthen food security initiatives across the region, to support food security action. This report outlines the findings from the Wheatbelt Food Community project, detailing the different types of food security initiatives operating within the region. It provides a summary of how Wheatbelt initiatives are contributing to food security systems change, and how they are working in partnership to deliver their food security initiatives. Based on these findings, region-based recommendations are provided to …

Midwest Food Community: Snapshot Report, Isabelle Chiera, Jess Doe, Amanda Devine, Melissa Stoneham, Stephanie L. Godrich

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Food security refers to the adequate physical, social, and economic access to healthy food at all times. The Midwest Food Community project aimed to identify, map, evaluate and strengthen food security initiatives across the region, to support food security action. This report outlines the findings from the Midwest Food Community project, detailing the different types of food security initiatives operating within the region. It provides a summary of how Midwest initiatives are contributing to food security systems change, and how they are working in partnership to deliver their food security initiatives. Based on these findings, region-based recommendations are provided to …

Great Southern Food Community: Snapshot Report, Isabelle Chiera, Jess Doe, Amanda Devine, Melissa Stoneham, Stephanie L. Godrich

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Food security refers to the adequate physical, social, and economic access to healthy food at all times. The Great Southern Food Community project aimed to identify, map, evaluate and strengthen food security initiatives across the region, to support food security action. This report outlines the findings from the Great Southern Food Community project, detailing the different types of food security initiatives operating within the region. It provides a summary of how Great Southern initiatives are contributing to food security systems change, and how they are working in partnership to deliver their food security initiatives. Based on these findings, region-based recommendations …

Kimberley Food Community: Snapshot Report, Isabelle Chiera, Jess Doe, Amanda Devine, Melissa Stoneham, Stephanie L. Godrich

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Food security refers to the adequate physical, social, and economic access to healthy food at all times. The Kimberley Food Community project aimed to identify, map, evaluate and strengthen food security initiatives across the region, to support food security action. This report outlines the findings from the Kimberley Food Community project, detailing the different types of food security initiatives operating within the region. It provides a summary of how Kimberley initiatives are contributing to food security systems change, and how they are working in partnership to deliver their food security initiatives. Based on these findings, region-based recommendations are provided to …

Pilbara Food Community: Snapshot Report, Isabelle Chiera, Jess Doe, Amanda Devine, Melissa Stoneham, Stephanie L. Godrich

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Food security refers to the adequate physical, social, and economic access to healthy food at all times. The Pilbara Food Community project aimed to identify, map, evaluate and strengthen food security initiatives across the region, to support food security action. This report outlines the findings from the Pilbara Food Community project, detailing the different types of food security initiatives operating within the region. It provides a summary of how Pilbara initiatives are contributing to food security systems change, and how they are working in partnership to deliver their food security initiatives. Based on these findings, region-based recommendations are provided to …

Goldfields Food Community: Snapshot Report, Isabelle Chiera, Jess Doe, Amanda Devine, Melissa Stoneham, Stephanie L. Godrich

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Food security refers to the adequate physical, social, and economic access to healthy food at all times. The Goldfields Food Community project aimed to identify, map, evaluate and strengthen food security initiatives across the region, to support food security action. This report outlines the findings from the Goldfields Food Community project, detailing the different types of food security initiatives operating within the region. It provides a summary of how Goldfields initiatives are contributing to food security systems change, and how they are working in partnership to deliver their food security initiatives. Based on these findings, region-based recommendations are provided to …