Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Commons^™

Exploring The Role Of 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-Furfural And Sumiki's Acid In Beta-Cell Metabolism, Daiwik Munjwani, Demitrius Hill, David Regan, David Lee, Mike Muehlbauer, Hans-Ewald Hohmeier, Mette Jensen, Neolle E. Younge, James Bain

Department of Medicine Faculty Publications

Type 1 diabetes (T1D), a leading cause of mortality in the United States, is associated with heart disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and stroke. While management of T1D with medications and healthy lifestyle choices is critical, recent research highlights the contributory role of environmental diabetogens in the pathogenesis of T1D. Here, we propose that the furan compound, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF), which forms when hexoses such as glucose or fructose lose three water molecules during thermal food processing, might be an unrecognized dietary diabetogen. HMF is a suspected mutagen and carcinogen. In a previous experiment in the rat 832/13 beta-cell line, when cultures …

The Association Of Cognitive Task Scores With Energy Intake Measurement Error From Technology-Assisted 24 Hr Recalls, Clare Whitton, Barbara A. Mullan, Satvinder S. Dhaliwal, Richard Norman, Carol J. Boushey, Clare E. Collins, Megan E. Rollo, Deborah A. Kerr

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Measurement error undermines the accuracy of dietary intake data. The 24-hour dietary recall (24HR) is the standard data collection method in nutrition surveillance. Several neurocognitive processes underpin the act of recall, and individuals differ in their performance of these processes. This study aimed to investigate whether variation in neurocognitive processes, measured using four cognitive tasks, was associated with variation in measurement error of 24HRs. Participants (n 139) completed the Trail Making Test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Visual Digit Span, and the Vividness of Visual Imagery questionnaire. During a controlled feeding study, participants completed three technology-assisted 24HR; the Automated …

Validation Of The Alzheimer's Disease-Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Food Frequency Questionnaire Using Weighed Food Records And Biomarkers: The Method Of Triads Model, Samantha L. Gardener, James D. Doecke, Philippa Lyons-Wall, Ralph N. Martins, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The objective was to apply the triangular approach, the Method of Triads, to determine the validity of the Alzheimer’s disease-Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) in 98 cognitively unimpaired Australian older adults using blood biomarkers and 4-day weighed food records. Spearman’s correlation coefficients were calculated between each dietary method and the validity coefficient was calculated using the Method of Triads. 95% confidence intervals for the validity coefficients were estimated using bootstrap sampling. Spearman’s correlation coefficients between FFQ and weighed food record intake for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and vitamin E (r = 1.00 and r = 0.95, …

Cruciferous Vegetables Improve Glycaemic Control Compared To Root/Squash Vegetables In A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial: The Vegetables For Vascular Health (Vessel) Study, Emma L. Connolly, Alex H. Liu, Richard J. Woodman, Armaghan Shafaei, Lisa G. Wood, Richard Mithen, Anthony P. James, Carl J. Schultz, Seng Khee Gan, Catherine P. Bondonno, Joshua R. Lewis, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Aims: Higher cruciferous vegetable (e.g., broccoli) intake is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, but limited causal evidence exists. We investigated if cruciferous vegetable intake improved glycaemic control compared to root/squash vegetables in non-diabetic adults with elevated blood pressure. Materials and Methods: This randomized, controlled, crossover trial consisted of two 2-week dietary interventions (300 g/day cruciferous [active] and root/squash [control] soups with standardized lunch/dinner meals) separated by a 2-week washout. Participants were blinded to the intervention allocation. Glycaemic measures were a pre-specified secondary outcome. Flash glucose monitoring measured interstitial glucose every 15-min throughout both interventions. …

High Diversity Of Dietary Flavonoid Intake Is Associated With A Lower Risk Of All-Cause Mortality And Major Chronic Diseases, Benjamin H. Parmenter, Alysha S. Thompson, Nicola P. Bondonno, Amy Jennings, Kevin Murray, Aurora Perez-Cornago, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Anna Tresserra-Rimbau, Tilman Kühn, Aedín Cassidy

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Higher habitual intakes of dietary flavonoids have been linked with a lower risk of all-cause mortality and major chronic disease. Yet, the contribution of diversity of flavonoid intake to health outcomes remains to be investigated. Here, using a cohort of 124,805 UK Biobank participants, we show that participants who consumed the widest diversity of dietary flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods and/or specific flavonoid subclasses had a 6–20% significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality and incidence of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, respiratory disease and neurodegenerative disease. Furthermore, we report that both quantity and diversity of flavonoids are independent predictors of mortality …

Increased Nitrate Intake From Beetroot Juice Over 4 Weeks Changes The Composition Of The Oral, But Not The Intestinal Microbiome, Rebeka Fejes, Joana Séneca, Petra Pjevac, Martin Lutnik, Stefan Weisshaar, Nina Pilat, Romy Steiner, Karl Heinz Wagner, Richard J. Woodman, Catherine P. Bondonno, Jonathan M. Hodgson, David Berry, Michael Wolzt, Oliver Neubauer

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Inorganic dietary nitrate, metabolized through an endogenous pathway involving nitrate reducing bacteria, improves cardiovascular health, but its effects on the oral and intestinal microbiomes of older adults with treated hypertension are unknown. Our study investigated the effects of nitrate from beetroot juice on the oral and intestinal microbiomes of this population. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted with 15 participants (age range: 56–71 years), who consumed nitrate-rich or nitrate-depleted (placebo) beetroot juice for 4 weeks. The oral microbiome analysis revealed an increase in Neisseria and a decrease in Veillonella relative abundance (for both, PERMANOVA p < 0.001), with no significant changes in the intestinal microbiome composition. Our findings suggest that an increased dietary nitrate intake from a vegetable source may selectively modulate the oral microbiome and promote an increased abundance of nitrate-reducing species, which was previously associated with improved cardiovascular health outcomes.

Sorghum And Sorghum-Based Products: Nutritional Composition, Prebiotic Potential And Health Benefits In Gut Microbiota Interactions, W. M.A.D.Binosha Fernando, Rasheed A. Abdulraheem, Kalmee Pramoda Kariyawasam, Amal Sudaraka Samarasinghe, W. M.Kendrea T. Fernando, Hannah Barnes, Malina Robertson, D. P.W. Jayatunga, B. G.D.N.K. De Silva, Vijay Jayasena

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a member of the Poaceae family and is the fifth most important crop globally. Sorghum grains (SGs) are rich in health-promoting macro- and micronutrients and phytochemicals. SGs are commonly consumed as food or as ingredients in food, especially in African countries. Therefore, food products such as ogi, bread and flour have been and are still being developed from SGs to provide nutritional and health benefits. However, the nutritional and prebiotic potential of SGs, especially the pigment pericarps, has not been fully exploited. This review describes micronutrients in different varieties of sorghum and the health benefits …

The Management Of Dietary Fiber Intake In Children With Chronic Kidney Disease - Clinical Practice Recommendations From The Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce., An Desloovere, Nonnie Polderman, José Renken-Terhaerdt, Vanessa Shaw, Caroline Anderson, Larry A. Greenbaum, Christina L. Nelms, Leila Qizalbash, Stella Stabouli, Jetta Tuokkola, Bradley A. Warady, Johan Vande Walle, Fabio Paglialonga, Rukshana Shroff, Evelien Snauwaert

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

The benefits of dietary fiber are widely accepted. Nevertheless, a substantial proportion of children fail to meet the recommended intake of dietary fiber. Achieving adequate fiber intake is especially challenging in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). An international team of pediatric renal dietitians and pediatric nephrologists from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce (PRNT) has developed clinical practice recommendations (CPRs) for the dietary intake of fiber in children and adolescents with CKD. In this CPR paper, we propose a definition of fiber, provide advice on the requirements and assessment of fiber intake, and offer practical guidance on optimizing dietary fiber …

Nutritional Management Of The Child With Chronic Kidney Disease And On Dialysis., Vanessa Shaw, Caroline Anderson, An Desloovere, Larry A. Greenbaum, Lyndsay Harshman, Christina L. Nelms, Pearl Pugh, Nonnie Polderman, José Renken-Terhaerdt, Evelien Snauwaert, Stella Stabouli, Jetta Tuokkola, Johan Vande Walle, Bradley A. Warady, Fabio Paglialonga, Rukshana Shroff

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

While it is widely accepted that the nutritional management of the infant with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is paramount to achieve normal growth and development, nutritional management is also of importance beyond 1 year of age, particularly in toddlers, to support the delayed infantile stage of growth that may extend to 2-3 years of age. Puberty is also a vulnerable period when nutritional needs are higher to support the expected growth spurt. Inadequate nutritional intake throughout childhood can result in failure to achieve full adult height potential, and there is an increased risk for abnormal neurodevelopment. Conversely, the rising prevalence …

Sensory Evaluation And Consumer Acceptance Of A Protein Enriched Energy Bar, Brennah T. Groves

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

ABSTRACT

Sensory Evaluation and Consumer Acceptance of a Protein Enriched Energy Bar

Brennah Groves

This study evaluated the sensory properties and consumer acceptance of a protein enriched energy bar. The objectives of this study were to 1) formulate a high-protein energy bar containing at least 20 g of protein per 100 g serving, and 2) determine whether increasing the protein content in an energy bar would enhance the sensory evaluation and improve consumer acceptance among collegiate athletes. The control energy bar featured a shortbread base, date caramel with whey protein, a nougat layer, and a chocolate coating. Additional collagen protein …

Nutritional Knowledge And Perceptions Of The Dietetics Field Among Blue-Collar Workers In The Inland Empire, Sabrina Guerrero, Anthony Morales, Isabel Tjajadi, Liang Ji, Kyndra Woosley, Lesley Ann Foster-Nicholas

Loma Linda University Research Reports

Blue-collar workers often encounter significant barriers to healthful eating. This study aimed to assess the nutritional knowledge and perceptions of the dietetics field among blue-collar workers in the Inland Empire. Eighty-four eligible participants completed an anonymous online survey assessing nutrition knowledge and views on Registered Dietitians (RDs). The average nutrition knowledge score among surveyed blue-collar workers was 20 out of 25 (80%). There were no significant differences in nutrition knowledge based on RD visit history, age, gender, or occupation. However, significant disparities in nutrition knowledge were observed across racial/ethnic groups, with Asian participants scoring lower and White participants scoring higher. …

A Comparison Of Acute Blood Glucose Response To 2% Lactaid Milk Vs. 2% Regular Milk In A Non-Diabetic Population, Alison Kim, Brianna Vanyo, Liang Ji, Lesley Ann Foster-Nicholas, Cindy Kosch

Loma Linda University Research Reports

Rising rates of diabetes and prediabetes have increased interest in how common foods affect blood glucose. This randomized, triple-blinded controlled trial compared the acute glycemic response to 2% regular milk versus 2% Lactaid milk in non-diabetic adults. Fifty participants consumed 500 mL of either milk type after fasting, and blood glucose was measured at baseline, then at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes post-consumption. Linear mixed model analysis showed no significant interaction by age or gender. However, borderline significant differences were observed at 15 minutes (p = 0.0524) and 30 minutes (p = 0.0740), with slightly faster and higher glucose …

Exploring The Adoption, Perceptions, And Opportunities Of Artificial Intelligence Among Registered Dietitians In The United States, Hong Liu, Mariana Tadros, Edward Bitok, Liang Ji

Loma Linda University Research Reports

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping healthcare, yet its integration into nutrition and dietetics remains underexplored. This study investigates the adoption, perceptions, and opportunities related to AI technologies among Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (RDNs) in the United States. Our survey was opened in April 2025 and is still ongoing, having gathered responses from over 70 RDNs. Findings reveal that while 58% of RDNs report some familiarity with AI, only 13% consider themselves very or extremely familiar. Attitudes toward AI are generally positive, with 56% viewing AI’s impact on dietetics as positive and 70% believing it could at least moderately improve patient outcomes. …

Exploring Associations Between Personality Type & Fruit And Vegetable Consumption, Allison Woldt, Tanya Mora, Liang Ji, Julie Jones, Jeje Noval

Loma Linda University Research Reports

Fruit and vegetable intake is vital for preserving health and avoiding chronic illnesses, yet only approximately 1 in 10 adults in the U. S. adhere to daily consumption guidelines, based on CDC data. While earlier research has examined external factors such as socioeconomic status, cultural influences, and religion as significant determinants of dietary habits, new studies highlight a crucial internal element: personality. Our research delves into this emerging area by examining the connection between personality types, derived from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), and fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption. In contrast to the extensively studied Big Five personality framework, the …

Assessment Practices For Dietetic Students: An Updated Systematic Review (2017–2024), Janica Jamieson, Claire Palermo, Margaret Hay, Simone Gibson

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Aim: Evaluate assessment practices and outcomes for dietetic students and compare findings with those from a previous systematic review. Methods: A systematic review was conducted whereby four databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cumulative Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Education Resources Information Centre) were searched on 11 October 2023 with terms related to dietetics, students, and assessment. The search was repeated on 8 January 2025 to identify new publications. Eligibility criteria were primary research published after 1 June 2017 reporting at least one assessment method for dietetic students with an assessment-related outcome. Assessment practices and outcomes were evaluated using Miller's …

Improving Diet Quality Of People Living With Obesity By Building Effective Dietetic Service Delivery Using Technology In A Primary Health Care Setting: Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial, Deborah A. Kerr, Clare E. Collins, Andrea Begley, Barbara Mullan, Satvinder S. Dhaliwal, Claire E. Pulker, Fengqing Zhu, Marie Fialkowski, Richard L. Prince, Richard Norman, Anthony P. James, Paul Aveyard, Helen Mitchell, Jacquie Garton-Smith, Megan E. Rollo, Chloe Maxwell-Smith, Amira Hassan, Hayley Breare, Lucy M. Butcher, Christina M. Pollard

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Almost a third of Australian adults are living with obesity, yet most cannot access medical nutrition therapy from dietitians, that is, the health professionals trained in dietary weight management services. Across the health system, primary care doctors readily identify people who may benefit from weight management services, but there are limited referral options in the community. Dietitians are trained to provide evidence-informed dietary treatment of overweight and obesity but are underutilized and underresourced. The chat2 (Connecting Health and Technology 2) trial will test combining new technologies for dietary assessment with behavior change techniques to improve outcomes for people living …

Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite And T3 Profiles Of Orphaned Elephants Differ From Non-Orphaned Elephants In Zambia, Daniella E Chusyd, Janine L Brown, Steve Paris, Nicole Boisseau, Webster Mwaanga, Moses Kasongo, Lisa Olivier, Stephanie L Dickinson, Bailey Ortyl, Tessa Steiniche, Steven N Austad, David B Allison, Michael D Wasserman

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Elephants provide valuable insight into how early-life adverse events (ELAEs) associate with animal health and welfare because they can live to advanced ages, display extensive cognitive and memory capabilities, and rely heavily on social bonds. Although it is known that African savanna elephants that experienced ELAEs, such as being orphaned due to human activities, have altered behavioral outcomes, little is known regarding the physiological consequences associated with those stressors.

Methods: We compared fecal glucocorticoid (fGCM) and thyroid (fT3) metabolites as well as body condition scores (BCS) in rescued and rehabilitated orphaned (early-dry season: n = 20; late-dry season: n …

Mapping Epidermal And Dermal Cellular Senescence In Human Skin Aging, Grace T Yu, Clarisse Ganier, David B Allison, Tamara Tchkonia, Sundeep Khosla, James L Kirkland, Magnus D Lynch, Saranya P Wyles

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics enable unprecedented insight into cellular and molecular pathways implicated in human skin aging and regeneration. Senescent cells are individual cells that are irreversibly cell cycle arrested and can accumulate across the human lifespan due to cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic stressors. With an atlas of single-cell RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, epidermal and dermal senescence and its effects were investigated, with a focus on melanocytes and fibroblasts. Photoaging due to ultraviolet light exposure was associated with higher burdens of senescent cells, a sign of biological aging, compared to chronological aging. A skin-specific cellular senescence gene set, termed …

New Genetic Tools To Define The Pathophysiology Of Inborn Errors Of Cobalamin Metabolism Impacting Mammalian Development, Tiffany Chern, Xuefei Tong, William G Bauer, David J Quispe-Parra, Xia Gao, Kamryn N Gerner-Mauro, Ross A Poché

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The congenital, autosomal recessive disorder combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinuria - cblC type, is the most common inborn error of cobalamin (vitamin B12) metabolism. In its early onset form, cblC profoundly impacts fetal development of the central nervous system, hematopoietic system, and other tissues. Previously, mutations in the MMACHC gene, which encodes a protein required for the intracellular trafficking and enzymatic processing of free cobalamin into active coenzyme forms, were found to cause cblC. These coenzymes are required in two metabolic pathways which produce either succinyl-CoA in the mitochondria or methionine in the cytosol. However, due to a lack of …

Ethical Considerations For Teaching With Artificial Intelligence: A Scoping Review In Medical Education Settings, Amani Itani, Susie L Gronseth, Salma Musaad, Thuy Nguyen, Yiming Mirabile, Bettina M Beech

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

In the evolving realm of medical education, where artificial intelligence (AI) technologies play an increasingly pivotal role, embedding AI ethics within educational frameworks has become crucial. This scoping review explores the breadth of literature concerning ethical considerations for teaching with AI in medical education settings. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, the team analyzed 82 peer-reviewed English-language articles published between 2018 and October 2023, sourced from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The review presents insights into the geographic distribution of studies, publication trends, article types, common keywords, areas of …