Bioethics and Medical Ethics Commons^™

Evaluating Controlled Substance Documentation In An Electronic Medical Record, Delora Brooks

Dissertations

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) directives issued in 2016 gave guidelines for safely prescribing opiates; however, primary source discussions about methods used for documenting opioid and controlled substance monitoring within an electronic medical record (EMR) are limited (Hussain, Nelson, Polston & Zheng, 2019). This leaves individual providers to determine the appropriate way to document. Inconsistent documentation may not protect providers or organizations from regulatory, civil or criminal liability. As stated by Raveesh, Nayak & Kumbar (2016), “The best way to handle medico-legal issues is by preventing them”. Even with the advent and widespread use of EMRs, documentation …

Combatting The Opioid Epidemic In Texas By Holding Big Pharma Manufacturers Liable, Katherine Spiser

St. Mary's Law Journal

Abstract forthcoming

"Farewell" To Prognosis In Shared Decision-Making, Robert F. Johnson

Peer Reviewed Articles

Whether because of a cultural pattern or personal preference, palliative care clinicians encounter persons approaching the end of life who wish to limit or forego prognostic information relating to their situation. This scenario has received attention in a recent motion picture as well as a newly available advance directive modification—the Prognosis Declaration form. The ordinary expectation for end-of-life shared decision-making with a capable person is clinician disclosure of the best effort at prognostic assessment. The optimal match between the expressed values, goals, and preferences of the person with available clinician expertise is hopefully achieved. For the clinician, a person’s choice …

Autonomy, Suffering, And The Practice Of Medicine: A Relational Approach, Michael A. Stanfield

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In this project, I argue that the conventional view of personal autonomy that is operational in contemporary American culture, bioethics and medical practice places undue emphasis on individualism and a limited range of personal qualities and attributes (such as self-sufficiency). Instead, I argue in favor of a relational approach to autonomy which recognizes that each person that exists has certain minimal connections or relations to others, and these connections/relations are identity-forming. Unfortunately, current medical practices have tended to overemphasize individuality and choice (consistent with the conventional view) while minimizing or excluding these relational aspects. As a result, informed consent and …

Changing The Expectations: Disability In The 21st Century Hpr 226g, Joanna Burkhardt

Library Impact Statements

No abstract provided.

What Do Faculties Specializing In Brain And Neural Sciences Think About, And How Do They Approach, Brain-Friendly Teaching-Learning In Iran?, Sahar Ghanbari, Fariba Haghani, Malahat Akbarfahimi

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Objective: to investigate the perspectives and experiences of the faculties specializing in brain and neural sciences regarding brain-friendly teaching-learning in Iran. Methods: 17 faculties from 5 universities were selected by purposive sampling (2018). In-depth semi-structured interviews with directed content analysis were used. Results: 31 sub-subcategories, 10 subcategories, and 4 categories were formed according to the “General teaching model”. “Mentorship” was a newly added category. Conclusions: A neuro-educational approach that consider the roles of the learner’s brain uniqueness, executive function facilitation, and the valence system are important to learning. Such learning can be facilitated through cognitive load considerations, repetition, deep questioning, …

Cultural Competency In Latinoamerican Countries: From A Hispanic Resident Perspective, Ivania T. Irby Md

Psychiatry

No abstract provided.

A Belmont Report For Animals?, Hope Ferdowsian, L. Syd M. Johnson, Jane Johnson, Andrew Fenton, Adam Shriver, John Gluck

Professional Science Research Ethics Collection

Human and animal research both operate within established standards. In the United States, criticism of the human research environment and recorded abuses of human research subjects served as the impetus for the establishment of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, and the resulting Belmont Report. The Belmont Report established key ethical principles to which human research should adhere: respect for autonomy, obligations to beneficence and justice, and special protections for vulnerable individuals and populations. While current guidelines appropriately aim to protect the individual interests of human participants in research, no similar, comprehensive, …

Law & Health Care Newsletter, Fall 2019

Law & Health Care Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Child And Parent Perceptions Of Participating In Multimethod Research In The Acute Aftermath Of Pediatric Injury, Christine Kindler, Nancy Kassam-Adams, Tia Borger, Meghan L. Marsac

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background:

Despite growing evidence that participation in psychological trauma research is well tolerated by children and parents, ethics boards may voice concerns regarding research with families with recent acute trauma exposure. Factors impacting child and parent experiences of research participation are not well documented, particularly for methodologies including observational components.

Objectives:

This study describes child and parent perceptions of research participation involving an observational task following an acute traumatic event and explores potential relationships between research experience and selected demographic factors (race/ethnicity, sex, age, prior trauma exposure), and post-traumatic stress symptoms.

Methods:

As part of a larger study on the …

Eugenics In The 21st Century, Jessica Linn Chin

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Eugenics is the science of enhancing the human population through the management of breeding and hereditary traits. This thesis explores the history of eugenics and shows how eugenic practices continue in the 21^st century with advancements in technology and positive eugenic goals that can result in adverse effects on the human body and society. When Sir Francis Galton coined the term eugenics in 1883, he intended to improve British society with the use of positive eugenics. Galton used positive eugenics to encourage people with good mental and physical qualities to produce more children. He avoided negative eugenics, which involved …

Biomedical Ethics And Responsible Conduct Of Research, Katherine Mendis

Open Educational Resources

This course is an introduction to the moral challenges that arise in the design and execution of biomedical research and the development of medical interventions. A historical review segues into detailed examination of key ethical concepts and principles, as well as topics of particular concern. At the culmination of the semester, students apply their knowledge of research ethics to an ethical analysis of their MTM BioDesign projects.

Introduction To Biomedical Ethics, Katherine Mendis

Open Educational Resources

This course introduces students to issues in the field of biomedical ethics, the theoretical tools bioethicists use to analyze them, and methodology for resolving clinical ethical dilemmas.

Intervention Principles In Pediatric Health Care: The Difference Between Physicians And The State., D. Robert Macdougall

Publications and Research

According to various accounts, intervention in pediatric decisions is justified either by the best interests standard or by the harm principle. While these principles have various nuances that distinguish them from each other, they are similar in the sense that both focus primarily on the features of parental decisions that justify intervention, rather than on the competency or authority of the parties that intervene. Accounts of these principles effectively suggest that intervention in pediatric decision making is warranted for both physicians and the state under precisely the same circumstances. This essay argues that there are substantial differences in the competencies …

Beyond The 3rs: Expanding The Use Of Human-Relevant Replacement Methods In Biomedical Research, Kathrin Herrmann, Francesca Pistollato, Martin L. Stephens

Biomedical Research and Alternative Methods Collection

This year marks the 60th anniversary of Russell and Burch’s pioneering book, The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. Their 3Rs framework has helped to inspire humane and scientific progress in experimental technique. However, it is time to update its strategic application. The 21st century has already seen the development of promising, high-tech non-animal models, such as organs-on-a-chip and computational approaches that, in our view, will replace animals as the default option in biomedical experimentation. How fast this transition will take place will depend on the pace at which these new models are optimized to reflect the biology of humans, rather …

Off With Their Heads! How China's Controversial Human Head-Transplant Procedure Exceeds The Parameters Of International Ethical Standards In Human Experimentation, Deena Agamy

Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Preparing Physicians To Contend With The Problem Of Dual Loyalty, Holly G. Atkinson

Publications and Research

Dual loyalty is defined as, particularly as it pertains to the field of medicine, a conflict or potential conflict between a healthcare professional’s simul- taneous obligations–expressed or implied–to a patient and to a third party. Dual loyalty situations often compromise physicians’ ethical behavior, lead- ing them to participate, either knowingly or unknowingly, in human rights violations perpetrated by a third party, often the state. Classic dual loyalty situations include the participation of physicians in state-sanctioned torture or the death penalty. However, there are a number of other dual loyalty scenarios that arise routinely in clinical practice in both closed institutions …

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter, Summer 2019

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Engineering Mankind: The Sociopolitical Impact Of Eugenics In America, Megan Lee

Voces Novae

During the early twentieth century, the American eugenics movement prospered, spreading its influence within the sociopolitical framework of the United States. The notion of eugenics – the control of human breeding to increase desirable traits, was extensively propagated through the creation of sterilization laws and public programs. Eventually, the public came to view eugenics as a necessity in order to preserve and improve the quality of mankind for the future.

Quality Of Life Of Road Traffic Injury Survivors Aged 15-44 Years Suffered From Moderate And Severe Head Injuries In Karachi, Pakistan, S A. Abbasi, Tazeen Saeed Ali, Shafquat Rozi, Uzma Rahim Khan, Rashid Jooma

Community Health Sciences

Background: Most of Road traffic injuries are predicted to be the third leading contributor to the global burden of disease by 2020 and patients end up into head injuries which leave devastating impacts on individual and society. Quality of Life After Brain Injury (QOLIBRI) is a specific tool that measures quality of life in head injury patients.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study among 300 patients aged 15-45 years, attended emergency department of the Aga khan University Hospital. Structured questionnaire included demography, injury details, QOLIBRI, GOSE and WHO Disability Assessment Scale (WHODAS 12 items). Severity of injury was determined …