Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces Commons^™

Research-Based Web Design & Usability Guidelines [2006 Edition], Michael O. Leavitt, Ben Shneiderman, Robert W. Bailey, Carol Barnum, John Bosley, Barbara Chaparro, Joseph Dumas, Melody Y. Ivory, Bonnie John, Hal Miller-Jacobs, Sanjay J. Koyani, James R. Lewis, Stanley Page, Judith Ramey, Janice (Ginny) Redish, Jean Scholtz, Steve Wigginton, Cari A. Wolfson, Larry E. Wood, Don Zimmerman

Publications

The new edition of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ (HHS) Research-Based Web Design and Usability Guidelines. These guidelines reflect HHS’ commitment to identifying innovative, research-based approaches that result in highly responsive and easy-to-use Web sites for the public.

These guidelines help move us in that direction by providing practical, yet authoritative, guidance on a broad range of Web design and communication issues. Having access to the best available research helps to ensure we make the right decisions the first time around and reduces the possibility of errors and costly mistakes.

Typography Behind The Arabetic Calligraphy Veil, Saad D. Abulhab

Publications and Research

In the change from scriptural writing systems to textual mechanical systems and most recently to digital, computer generated text, some languages and their typographic representations have suffered. One such language, along with its visible language representation, that has not made a smooth transition is Arabic. The author argues that misinterpreting language tradition prevents what he calls Arabetic typography from embracing an appropriate technological adaptation. Putting forth an evolutionary argument, he critiques the notion that calligraphic styles must prevail and that legibility and readability of Arabic characters is objective. He further states that the resulting typefaces when abandoning the so called …

Transfer Of Training From Flight Training Devices To Flight For Ab-Initio Pilots, Nickolas D. Macchiarella, Pamela K. Arban, Shawn M. Doherty

Publications

The application of flight simulation to meet pilot training needs continues to evolve. Flight simulations built with powerful and inexpensive computers are making high fidelity simulation available as a medium for training ab-initio pilots at Pilot Schools and Training Centers. The researchers conducted an 18-month study that applied an experimental flight-training curriculum comprised of 60% flight training device (FTD) flight and 40% airplane flight to certify Private Pilots under Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) Part 142. The results from the research provided data to ascertain the effective transfer for each flight-training task. Ab-initio student pilots practiced each task to standard in …

Interface Design Requirements For Playing Pong With A Single Switch Device, Brian Mac Namee, John Gilligan

Conference papers

Motivated by a desire for increased accessibility in digital games, in this paper we consider the design requirements for an interface to a variation of the game Pong for single-switch users. We consider the issues in the design of accessible interfaces for games and propose a set of interface configurations for playing Pong, using this as a proof of concept for more elaborate games.

Exploiting Self-Adaptive Posture-Based Focus Estimation For Lecture Video Editing, Feng Wang, Chong-Wah Ngo, Ting-Chuen Pong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Head pose plays a special role in estimating a presenter’s focuses and actions for lecture video editing. This paper presents an efficient and robust head pose estimation algorithm to cope with the new challenges arising in the content management of lecture videos. These challenges include speed requirement, low video quality, variant presenting styles and complex settings in modern classrooms. Our algorithm is based on a robust hierarchical representation of skin color clustering and a set of pose templates that are automatically trained. Contextual information is also considered to refine pose estimation. Most importantly, we propose an online learning approach to …

Selective Object Stabilization For Home Video Consumers, Zailiang Pan, Chong-Wah Ngo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This paper describes a unified approach for video stabilization. The essential goal is to stabilize image sequences that consist of moving foreground objects, which appear frequently in today's home videos captured by hand-held consumer cameras. Our proposed techniques mainly, rely on the analysis of;motion content. Three major components area initialization, segmentation and stabilization. In motion initialization, we propose a novel algorithm to efficiently search for the best possible frame in a sequence to start segmentation. Our segmentation algorithm is based on Expectation-Maximization (EM) framework which provides the mechanism for simultaneous estimation of motion models and their layers of support. Based …

Motion-Based Approach For Bbc Rushes Structuring And Characterization, Chong-Wah Ngo, Zailiang Pan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

No abstract provided.

Common Pattern Discovery Using Earth Mover's Distance And Local Flow Maximization, Hung-Khoon Tan, Chong-Wah Ngo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper, we present a novel segmentation-insensitive approach for mining common patterns from 2 images. We develop an algorithm using the earth movers distance (EMD) framework, unary and adaptive neighborhood color similarity. We then propose a novel local flow maximization approach to provide the best estimation of location and scale of the common pattern. This is achieved by performing an iterative optimization in search of the most stable flows' centroid. Common pattern discovery is difficult owing to the huge search space and problem domain. We intend to solve this problem by reducing the search space through identifying the location …

Poster Session A: Classification Of Compressed Human Face Images By Using Principle Components, Zahid Riaz, Arif Gilgiti, Zulfiqar Ali

International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies

This paper describes the novel approach of classifying the humans on the basis of their compressed face images. The compression of the face images is performed using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). While the classification encompass the use of Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Classification technique utilizes PCA in some different way. Only first principal component is used as feature vector out of 92 components (since image size is 112×92), causing a better results of 87.39%. The Euclidean distance is used as distance metric. In the end our results are compared to our previous research of classifying the uncompressed images.

A New Approach For Anti-Aliasing Raster Data In Air Borne Imagery, Fahim Arif, Muhammad Akbar

International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies

Air borne sensed data is in the form of raster data. Aliasing is always present in a sampled image causing artifact error. To reduce possible aliasing effects, it is a good idea to blur an image slightly before applying a resampling method on it. This paper presents a technique for anti-aliasing remotely sensed images. The technique uses Gaussian low pass filter (GLPF) for generation of slight blur. Then resampling of raster data is performed with the help of bilinear interpolation. Algorithm is developed in MATLAB using some inbuilt functions.

Using Agents For Unification Of Information Extraction And Data Mining, Sharjeel Imtiaz, Azmat Hussain, Dr. Sikandar Hiyat

International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies

Early work for unification of information extraction and data mining is motivational and problem stated work. This paper proposes a solution framework for unification using intelligent agents. A Relation manager agent extracted feature with cross feedback approach and also provide a Unified Undirected graphical handle. An RPM agent an approach to minimize loop back proposes pooling and model utilization with common parameter for both text and entity level abstractions.

Introduction: Human-Computer Interaction Studies In Management Information Systems, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah, P. Zhang, S. Mccoy

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Human-computer interaction (HCI) is a critical area of research and practice that spans several disciplines, including industrial engineering, management information systems (MIS), computer science, information science, psychology, sociology, and anthropology. HCI research within the MIS discipline has distinct features shaped by the evolution and current state of MIS. Originating as applied computer science in the 1970s, MIS gradually transformed into a more social science–oriented discipline (Baskerville & Myers, 2002). MIS is broadly defined as “the effective design, delivery, and use of information systems in organizations” (Keen, 1980, p. 14). The two distinguishing features of MIS compared to other "homes" of …

Personalization Of Web Services: A Study On The Fit Between Web Tasks And Personalization Mechanisms, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah, Keng Siau, Min Ling

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Personalization is increasingly being considered an important ingredient of Web applications. In most cases, personalization techniques and mechanisms are used for tailoring information services to user needs. It is motivated by the recognition that a user has needs, and meeting them successfully is likely to lead to a satisfying relationship and re-use of the Web services offered. However, if the personalization mechanisms do not match the needs depicted by the tasks, it will decrease user satisfaction and performance. In this research, we use the cognitive fit theory to examine the fit between personalization mechanisms and Web tasks.

End-Users’ Acceptance Of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems: An Investigation Using Grounded Theory Approach, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah, Xin Tan, Monica Beethe

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The success of ERP implementation depends, to a large extent, on the intensity and nature of its use by end-users. Therefore, it is important to understand the phenomena underlying end-users’ acceptance of ERP systems. This study was conducted at a large institution that implemented an ERP system. It uses the grounded theory approach to inductively develop a model that highlights key factors influencing end-users’ acceptance of ERP systems.

Emd-Based Video Clip Retrieval By Many-To-Many Matching, Yuxin Peng, Chong-Wah Ngo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This paper presents a new approach for video clip retrieval based on Earth Mover's Distance (EMD). Instead of imposing one-to-one matching constraint as in [11, 14], our approach allows many-to-many matching methodology and is capable of tolerating errors due to video partitioning and various video editing effects. We formulate clip-based retrieval as a graph matching problem in two stages. In the first stage, to allow the matching between a query and a long video, an online clip segmentation algorithm is employed to rapidly locate candidate clips for similarity measure. In the second stage, a weighted graph is constructed to model …

Multibiometrics Based On Palmprint And Handgeometry, Xiao-Yong Wei, Dan Xu, Chong-Wah Ngo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This paper described our approach of multibiometrics in a single image. Firstly, a new method for capturing the key points of hand geometry is proposed. Then, we described our new method of palmprint feature extracting. By using projection transform and wavelet transform, this method considered both the global feature and local detail of a palmprint texture and proposed a new kind of palmprint feature. We also proposed a twice segmentation method for handgeometry feature extraction. In the processing of feature matching, we analyzed the weakness of the traditional Euclidian Square Norm method, and introduced an improved method. The experimental results …

Co-Clustering Of Time-Evolving News Story With Transcript And Keyframe, Xiao Wu, Chong-Wah Ngo, Qing Li

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This paper presents techniques in clustering the same-topic news stories according to event themes. We model the relationship of stories with textual and visual concepts under the representation of bipartite graph. The textual and visual concepts are extracted respectively from speech transcripts and keyframes. Co-clustering algorithm is employed to exploit the duality of stories and textual-visual concepts based on spectral graph partitioning. Experimental results on TRECVID-2004 corpus show that the co-clustering of news stories with textual-visual concepts is significantly better than the co-clustering with either textual or visual concept alone.

Hot Event Detection And Summarization By Graph Modeling And Matching, Yuxin Peng, Chong-Wah Ngo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This paper proposes a new approach for hot event detection and summarization of news videos. The approach is mainly based on two graph algorithms: optimal matching (OM) and normalized cut (NC). Initially, OM is employed to measure the visual similarity between all pairs of events under the one-to-one mapping constraint among video shots. Then, news events are represented as a complete weighted graph and NC is carried out to globally and optimally partition the graph into event clusters. Finally, based on the cluster size and globality of events, hot events can be automatically detected and selected as the summaries of …

Automatically Discovering The Number Of Clusters In Web Page Datasets, Zhongmei Yao

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Clustering is well-suited for Web mining by automatically organizing Web pages into categories, each of which contains Web pages having similar contents. However, one problem in clustering is the lack of general methods to automatically determine the number of categories or clusters. For the Web domain in particular, currently there is no such method suitable for Web page clustering. In an attempt to address this problem, we discover a constant factor that characterizes the Web domain, based on which we propose a new method for automatically determining the number of clusters in Web page data sets. We discover that the …

Personalization By Program Slicing, Saverio Perugini, Naren Ramakrishnan

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Personalization involves customizing information access to the end-user. As any new area of computer science research it lacks formal models to guide the design of systems. In this paper, we present a modeling methodology, based on generative programming, for personalizing interactions with hierarchical websites. The methodology entails modeling a user’s interaction with a site in a program and applying program slicing to personalize the interaction. While preserving interactivity, this approach does not require the designer to anticipate all possible user interactions a priori and provide interfaces for each. Moreover, it provides a theoretical, systematic, and implementation-neutral way to design systems …

Rapid Prototyping For The Design Of Virtual Worlds, Prabhu V. Krishnan

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Development of Virtual Reality (VR) applications is challenging where application developers are required to have expertise in the target VR technologies along with the problem domain expertise. New VR technologies impose a significant learning curve to even the most experienced VR developer. The proposed solution relies on synthesis to automate the migration of a VR application to a new unfamiliar VR platform/technology. To solve the problem, the Common Scene Definition Framework (CSDF) was developed, that serves as a superset/model representation of the target virtual world. Input modules were developed to populate the framework with the capabilities of the virtual world …

Video Text Detection And Segmentation For Optical Character Recognition, Chong-Wah Ngo, Chi-Kwong Chan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper, we present approaches to detecting and segmenting text in videos. The proposed video-text-detection technique is capable of adaptively applying appropriate operators for video frames of different modalities by classifying the background complexities. Effective operators such as the repeated shifting operations are applied for the noise removal of images with high edge density. Meanwhile, a text-enhancement technique is used to highlight the text regions of low-contrast images. A coarse-to-fine projection technique is then employed to extract text lines from video frames. Experimental results indicate that the proposed text-detection approach is superior to the machine-learning-based (such as SVM and …

Web Usability Guidelines For Air Force Knowledge Now Web Site, Gary A. Felax

Theses and Dissertations

The Department of Defense Net-Centric Data Strategies number one key attribute is to ensure data is visible, available, and usable when and where needed to accelerate decision-making. The Internet provides opportunities for quick and efficient disseminating of information to the public, distributing information throughout the Air Force, and accessing information from a variety of sources. In 2002, the Air Force CIO designated the Air Force Knowledge Now (AFKN) as the center of excellence for Knowledge Management. The site is a one-stop resource, providing access to a great depth and breadth of information. This study seeks to determine how usable and …

Accelerating Missile Threat Engagement Simulations Using Personal Computer Graphics Cards, Sean E. Jeffers

Theses and Dissertations

The 453rd Electronic Warfare Squadron supports on-going military operations by providing battlefield commanders with aircraft ingress and egress routes that minimize the risk of shoulder or ground-fired missile attacks on our aircraft. To determine these routes, the 453rd simulates engagements between ground-to-air missiles and allied aircraft to determine the probability of a successful attack. The simulations are computationally expensive, often requiring two-hours for a single 10-second missile engagement. Hundreds of simulations are needed to perform a complete risk assessment which includes evaluating the effectiveness of countermeasures such as flares, chaff, jammers, and missile warning systems. Thus, the need for faster …

Video Summarization And Scene Detection By Graph Modeling, Chong-Wah Ngo, Yu-Fei Ma, Hong-Jiang Zhang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper, we propose a unified approach for video summarization based on the analysis of video structures and video highlights. Two major components in our approach are scene modeling and highlight detection. Scene modeling is achieved by normalized cut algorithm and temporal graph analysis, while highlight detection is accomplished by motion attention modeling. In our proposed approach, a video is represented as a complete undirected graph and the normalized cut algorithm is carried out to globally and optimally partition the graph into video clusters. The resulting clusters form a directed temporal graph and a shortest path algorithm is proposed …

Why Are Those Computers Sitting Over There Gathering Dust, Bradford Ralph Austin

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this project was to create electronic books (E-books) for kindergartens to read during their center time. The E-books are intended for kindergarten teachers to use to help their students learn to read while utilizing the technology resources in their classroom. These E-books are teacher created so the cost is minimal and they can be copied and distributed to each student without worrying about copyright laws. Teachers can customize them to fit the current thematic unit they are teaching and once created, they can be used repeadedly without being damaged like paper books.

Too Quick? Log Analysis Of Quick Links From An Academic Library Website, Jimmy Ghaphery

VCU Libraries Faculty and Staff Publications

Since the summer of 2001, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries has offered a “Quick Links” menu in the top right-hand side of many of its pages. Transaction log files have been run in order to analyze the use of the Quick Links, and several changes have been made based on those logs. This article will discuss those findings and offer contextual ideas for the use of Quick Links in comparison to the rest of the library website.

Interfacing Agents With Natural Language, Jared Allen

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Technology is leading us to a world where computers are everywhere. A new breed of machines capable of sensing and reacting to stimuli in the real world is under development. Unfortunately, these new, powerful devices can oftentimes be difficult for the average person to understand. It is imperative that an easy to use interface be implemented to usher in this new world. Natural language (speech) would be an ideal solution. However, it has proven implausible on a large scale. A Menu-Based Natural Language Interface (MBNLI) could retain the intuitiveness of speech, while eliminating the obstacles impeding implementation. This research paper …

A Generative Programming Approach To Interactive Information Retrieval: Insights And Experiences, Saverio Perugini, Naren Ramakrishnan

Computer Science Faculty Publications

We describe the application of generative programming to a problem in interactive information retrieval. The particular interactive information retrieval problem we study is the support for "out-of-turn interaction" with a website – how a user can communicate input to a website when the site is not soliciting such information on the current page, but will do so on a subsequent page. Our solution approach makes generous use of program transformations (partial evaluation, currying, and slicing) to delay the site’s current solicitation for input until after the user’s out-of-turn input is processed. We illustrate how studying out-of-turn interaction through a generative …

The Good, Bad And The Indifferent: Explorations In Recommender System Health, Benjamin J. Keller, Sun-Mi Kim, N. Srinivas Vemuri, Naren Ramakrishnan, Saverio Perugini

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Our work is based on the premise that analysis of the connections exploited by a recommender algorithm can provide insight into the algorithm that could be useful to predict its performance in a fielded system. We use the jumping connections model defined by Mirza et al. [6], which describes the recommendation process in terms of graphs. Here we discuss our work that has come out of trying to understand algorithm behavior in terms of these graphs. We start by describing a natural extension of the jumping connections model of Mirza et al., and then discuss observations that have come from …