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Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces Commons™
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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces
On The Benefits Of Directness In Virtual Characters For Motivational Interviews, Michael O'Mahony, Cathy Ennis, Robert Ross
On The Benefits Of Directness In Virtual Characters For Motivational Interviews, Michael O'Mahony, Cathy Ennis, Robert Ross
Conference papers
Understanding the factors influencing successful engagement with Embodied Conversational Agents (ECAs) remains a significant challenge. This understanding could be used to personalise agents to users to improve interactions. Some studies have shown that simulating personalities in healthcare agents can improve effectiveness and engagement. However, it is not yet well understood how variations of agent personality can be leveraged to improve user engagement with Motivational Interviewing (MI) ECAs. Specifically how the balance between agent warmth and directness can be controlled in an MI agent to improve likeability and engagement. We conducted an online Wizard-of-Oz (WoZ) mediated study of two variants of …
Habit Coach: Customising Rag-Based Chatbots To Support Behavior Change, Arian Fooroogh Mand Arabi, Cansu Koyuturk, Michael O'Mahony, Raffaella Calati, Dimitri Ognibene
Habit Coach: Customising Rag-Based Chatbots To Support Behavior Change, Arian Fooroogh Mand Arabi, Cansu Koyuturk, Michael O'Mahony, Raffaella Calati, Dimitri Ognibene
Conference papers
This paper presents the iterative development of Habit Coach, a GPT-based chatbot designed to support users in habit change through personalized interaction. Employing a user-centered design approach, we developed the chatbot using a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system, which enables behavior personalization without retraining the underlying language model (GPT-4). The system leverages document retrieval and specialized prompts to tailor interactions, drawing from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and narrative therapy techniques. A key challenge in the development process was the difficulty of translating declarative knowledge into effective interaction behaviors. In the initial phase, the chatbot was provided with declarative knowledge about CBT …
Getting To The Point: Contrasting Directness And Warmth In Motivational Embodied Conversational Agents, Michael O'Mahony, Cathy Ennis, Robert Ross
Getting To The Point: Contrasting Directness And Warmth In Motivational Embodied Conversational Agents, Michael O'Mahony, Cathy Ennis, Robert Ross
Conference papers
Enhancing long-term engagement with conversational agents remains a significant challenge. Controlling the perceived warmth or directness of an agent’s personality through the style of its generated text could be used to increase user likeability. This paper reports an investigation of a Wizard-of-Oz (WoZ) mediated study of two variants of a motivational embodied conversational agent to measure user perception of and attitudes towards warmth in interaction style. Results show a significant effect of users preferring an agent with a "more direct" personality for this scenario, though this effect is in many ways nuanced.
Human Centered Approaches And Taxonomies For Explainable Artificial Intelligence, Helen Sheridan, Emma Murphy, Dympna O'Sullivan
Human Centered Approaches And Taxonomies For Explainable Artificial Intelligence, Helen Sheridan, Emma Murphy, Dympna O'Sullivan
Conference papers
Recent interest within the research community related to explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has led to a profuse amount of literature on the subject. Those who wish to tackle the domain from an HCI focus may be presented with overwhelming material, most of which does not pertain to human aspects of XAI. Taxonomies can serve to categorize a subject into topic areas and distill content into an overview of the field. This late breaking work intends to help those within the HCI community with a focus on XAI to understand relevant aspects of human centered XAI. We also present a taxonomy …
Exploring The Integration Of Patient Generated Health Data In A Fair Digital Health System In Low-Resourced Settings: A User-Centered Approach, Abdullahi Abubakar Kawu, Rens Kievit, Adamu Abubakar, Mirjam Van Reisen, Dympna O'Sullivan, Lucy Hederman
Exploring The Integration Of Patient Generated Health Data In A Fair Digital Health System In Low-Resourced Settings: A User-Centered Approach, Abdullahi Abubakar Kawu, Rens Kievit, Adamu Abubakar, Mirjam Van Reisen, Dympna O'Sullivan, Lucy Hederman
Conference papers
This article presents the initial user-centered research exploring the opportunities in the collection of Patient-Generated Health Data (PGHD) within the context of a project aimed at improving health management and outcomes among residents in African countries. Through interviews with a doctor, a patient and two data managers, the local status and opinions regarding PGHD collection, integration and use are investigated. The findings suggest that PGHD have only been encountered in paper forms - and are mostly patient driven, however opportunities for PGHD for the facility and patient were identified and included supporting the treatment of whitecollar hypertension, treatment planning and …
Virtual Tutor Personality In Computer Assisted Language Learning, Johanna Dobbriner, Cathy Ennis, Robert J. Ross
Virtual Tutor Personality In Computer Assisted Language Learning, Johanna Dobbriner, Cathy Ennis, Robert J. Ross
Conference papers
The use of intelligent virtual agents in language learning has increased in recent years. Studies into several aspects of personalisation aiming to increase user engagement are an ongoing research topic with avatar personality being one such aspect. As a step towards our development of intelligent virtual avatars, we present two of our initial experiments to explore differences in user interaction with two contrasting avatar personalities -- P1: open-minded, friendly and sociable and P2: closed-off, curt and distant. Each user interacted with a single personality in a video-call setting and gave feedback on the interaction. Our expectations, that P1 would be …
We Have Always Been Virtual: Gilles Deleuze And The Computer-Generated Image, Hugh Mccabe
We Have Always Been Virtual: Gilles Deleuze And The Computer-Generated Image, Hugh Mccabe
Conference papers
The use of computer-generated imagery is becoming increasingly ubiquitous across many fields including media, advertising, architecture and art. This represents a fundamental shift within visual culture, as imagery can now be produced routinely by means of rendering algorithms based on spatial representations. We propose that the account of the image provided by Gilles Deleuze in his books on cinema provides a rich philosophical framework for understanding such contemporary imaging practices. By providing a Deleuzian reading of James Kajiya's 1986 rendering equation we argue that there is a tacit ontology of the image underwriting both Deleuze’s work on cinema and current …
Streaming Vr For Immersion: Quality Aspects Of Compressed Spatial Audio, Miroslaw Narbutt, Sean O’Leary, Andrew Allen, Jan Skoglund, Andrew Hines
Streaming Vr For Immersion: Quality Aspects Of Compressed Spatial Audio, Miroslaw Narbutt, Sean O’Leary, Andrew Allen, Jan Skoglund, Andrew Hines
Conference papers
Delivering a 360-degree soundscape that matches full sphere visuals is an essential aspect of immersive VR. Ambisonics is a full sphere surround sound technique that takes into account the azimuth and elevation of sound sources, portraying source location above and below as well as around the horizontal plane of the listener. In contrast to channel-based methods, ambisonics representation offers the advantage of being independent of a specific loudspeaker set-up. Streaming ambisonics over networks requires efficient encoding techniques that compress the raw audio content without compromising quality of experience (QoE). This work investigates the effect of audio channel compression via the …
Exploring Customer Specific Kpi Selection Strategies For An Adaptive Time Critical User Interface, Ingo Keck, Robert J. Ross
Exploring Customer Specific Kpi Selection Strategies For An Adaptive Time Critical User Interface, Ingo Keck, Robert J. Ross
Conference papers
Rapid growth in the number of measures available to describe customer-organization relationships has presented a serious challenge for Business Intelligence (BI) interface developers as they attempt to provide business users with key customer information without requiring users to painstakingly sift through many interface windows and layers. In this paper we introduce a prototype Intelligent User Interface that we have deployed to partially address this issue. The interface builds on machine learning techniques to construct a ranking model of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that are used to select and present the most important customer metrics that can be made available to …
Cbtv: Visualising Case Bases For Similarity Measure Design And Selection, Brian Mac Namee, Sarah Jane Delany
Cbtv: Visualising Case Bases For Similarity Measure Design And Selection, Brian Mac Namee, Sarah Jane Delany
Conference papers
In CBR the design and selection of similarity measures is paramount. Selection can benefit from the use of exploratory visualisation- based techniques in parallel with techniques such as cross-validation ac- curacy comparison. In this paper we present the Case Base Topology Viewer (CBTV) which allows the application of different similarity mea- sures to a case base to be visualised so that system designers can explore the case base and the associated decision boundary space. We show, using a range of datasets and similarity measure types, how the idiosyncrasies of particular similarity measures can be illustrated and compared in CBTV allowing …
Scalable Multi-Modal Avatar Interface For Multi-User Environments, Brian Mac Namee, Mark Dunne, John D. Kelleher
Scalable Multi-Modal Avatar Interface For Multi-User Environments, Brian Mac Namee, Mark Dunne, John D. Kelleher
Conference papers
This research outlines an Intelligent Virtual Agent (IVA) interface, where multiple users will be able to interact with 3D avatars. This will take place in a distributed multi-modal environ- ment where the LOK8 Avatar System (AS) will need to locate it’s users from a crowd, using face tracking and novel 3D animation techniques.
Inside The Selection Box: Visualising Active Learning Selection Strategies, Brian Mac Namee, Rong Hu, Sarah Jane Delany
Inside The Selection Box: Visualising Active Learning Selection Strategies, Brian Mac Namee, Rong Hu, Sarah Jane Delany
Conference papers
Visualisations can be used to provide developers with insights into the inner workings of interactive machine learning techniques. In active learning, an inherently interactive machine learning technique, the design of selection strategies is the key research question and this paper demonstrates how spring model based visualisations can be used to provide insight into the precise operation of various selection strategies. Using sample datasets, this paper provides detailed examples of the differences between a range of selection strategies.
Forked:A Demonstration Of Physics Realism In Augmented Reality, David Beaney, Brian Mac Namee
Forked:A Demonstration Of Physics Realism In Augmented Reality, David Beaney, Brian Mac Namee
Conference papers
In making fully immersive augmented reality (AR) applications, real and virtual objects will have to be seen to physically interact together in a realistic and believable way. This paper describes Forked! a system that has been developed to show how physical interactions between real and virtual objects can be simulated re- alistically and believably through appropriate use of a physics en- gine. The system allows users control a robotic forklift to manipu- late virtual crates in an AR environment. The paper also describes a evaluation experiment in which it is shown that the physical inter- actions between the forklift and …
Stepping Off The Stage, Brian Mac Namee, John D. Kelleher
Stepping Off The Stage, Brian Mac Namee, John D. Kelleher
Conference papers
Mixed-reality virtual agents are an attractive solution to the problems associated with human-robot interaction, allowing all the expressiveness of virtual characters to be married with the advantages of a physical artifact which exists in a shared environment with the user. However, common approaches to achieving this restrict the virtual characters appearing on top of, or encompassing the robot. This paper describes the Stepping Off the Stage system in which mixed-reality agents are allowed to step off the robot stage and move to other parts of the environment, offering compelling new interaction possibilities.
Widening The Evaluation Net, Brian Mac Namee, Mark Dunne
Widening The Evaluation Net, Brian Mac Namee, Mark Dunne
Conference papers
Intelligent Virtual Agent (IVA) systems are notoriously difficult to evaluate, particularly due to the subjectivity involved. From the various efforts to develop standard evaluation schemes for IVA systems the scheme proposed by Isbister & Doyle, which evaluates systems across five categories, seems particularly appropriate. To examine how these categories are being used, the evaluations presented in the proceedings of IVA '07 and IVA '08 are summarised and the extent to which the five categories in the Isbister & Doyle scheme are used is highlighted. Finally, to illustrate how the full scheme can be used, an evaluation of an IVA system …
Destination Website Effectiveness – A Delphi-Based Emetric Approach – A Dms Perspective, Patrick Horan, Andrew Frew
Destination Website Effectiveness – A Delphi-Based Emetric Approach – A Dms Perspective, Patrick Horan, Andrew Frew
Conference papers
This paper outlines the development and evaluation of a comprehensive set of eMetrics for measuring the effectiveness of a Destination Management Systems’ (DMS) websites from the perspective of small and medium-sized hotel enterprises. Ultimately, from a hotel’s viewpoint, website effectiveness depends on how well a site performs with respect to the related business goals. The priority of the research is thus to establish which criteria are important for destination websites and to determine a mechanism for their measurement. These criteria are divided into both macro- and micro- level metrics which each combine to provide information that is actionable from a …
Using Computer Vision To Create A 3d Representation Of A Snooker Table For Televised Competition Broadcasting, Hao Guo, Brian Mac Namee
Using Computer Vision To Create A 3d Representation Of A Snooker Table For Televised Competition Broadcasting, Hao Guo, Brian Mac Namee
Conference papers
The Snooker Extraction and 3D Builder (SE3DB) is designed to be used as a viewer aid in televised snooker broadcasting. Using a single camera positioned over a snooker table, the system creates a virtual 3D model of the table which can be used to allow audiences view the table from any angle. This would be particularly useful in allowing viewers to determine if particular shots are possible or not. This paper will describe the design, development and evaluation of this system. Particular focus in the paper will be given to the techniques used to recognise and locate the balls on …
Interface Design Requirements For Playing Pong With A Single Switch Device, Brian Mac Namee, John Gilligan
Interface Design Requirements For Playing Pong With A Single Switch Device, Brian Mac Namee, John Gilligan
Conference papers
Motivated by a desire for increased accessibility in digital games, in this paper we consider the design requirements for an interface to a variation of the game Pong for single-switch users. We consider the issues in the design of accessible interfaces for games and propose a set of interface configurations for playing Pong, using this as a proof of concept for more elaborate games.
Crafting A Research Paper, Ronan Fitzpatrick, Kevin O'Donnell
Crafting A Research Paper, Ronan Fitzpatrick, Kevin O'Donnell
Conference papers
Writing research papers presents numerous different challenges, which vary from how to layout the various pages and format the text to what to include in the different sections that make up the paper. In order to clarify these issues this paper sets out guidelines and best practice approaches and demonstrates their use in the style of this paper.