Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Ultrasound Diagnosis, Phiwipha Kamonrat

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Membrane Insertion For The Detection Of Lipopolysaccharides: Exploring The Dynamics Of Amphiphile-In-Lipid Assays, Loreen R. Stromberg, Nicolas W. Hengartner, Kirstie L. Swingle, Rodney A. Moxley, Steven W. Graves, Gabriel A. Montaño, Harshini Mukundan

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli is an important cause of foodborne illness, with cases attributable to beef, fresh produce and other sources. Many serotypes of the pathogen cause disease, and differentiating one serotype from another requires specific identification of the O antigen located on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule. The amphiphilic structure of LPS poses a challenge when using classical detection methods, which do not take into account its lipoglycan biochemistry. Typically, detection of LPS requires heat or chemical treatment of samples and relies on bioactivity assays for the conserved lipid A portion of the molecule. Our goal was to develop assays …

Impacts From The Use Of Antibiotics In Livestock: Methods Of Transmission Of Antibiotic Resistance From Livestock To Humans, Kristin M. Walden

Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works

Antibiotic use in livestock production has been around since the 1950s. Antibiotic feed is used in livestock and other meat producing animals for three reasons: illness prevention, illness treatment, and growth promotion. Unfortunately, since the time that antibiotics were first invented, antibiotic resistant bacteria have become a threat to public health. There are many studies showing methods of transmission of antibiotic resistance from livestock to humans. Antibiotic resistance can spread from livestock to soil, water, insects, and food, which ultimately comes into contact with humans. A proposed study to measure antibiotic resistance when eliminating antibiotic feed will provide a hypothesis …

Clinical Study Of Canine Tear Lacritin As A Treatment For Dry Eye, Katherine E. Kelly

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), the deficiency of tears also known as dry eye, is a prevalent disease that affects both humans and canines. The current treatment for dye eye, cyclosporine (Restatis®), only provides temporary relief, is often associated with discomfort and is inconsistently effective. Lacritin is a naturally occurring tear glycoprotein secreted from the human and canine lacrimal glands. It has been shown that lacritin stimulates basal tearing in rabbits when applied topically. This study characterized the amount and form of lacritin found in the tears of dogs with healthy and dry eyes—information which may be applied to the development of …

Development Of A Novel Self-Propagating Prssv-Vsv G Hybrid Replicon As A Vector For Inducing Broad Prrsv Protection, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Throughout successive cycles of Pork Check-off funding, our laboratories (Pattnaik’s and Osorio’s labs) have consistently produced new and fundamental information on: (i) the immunologic mechanisms that are important for protection against PRRSV infection, (ii) the structural basis for induction of PRRSV-neutralizing antibodies which are significant for conferring protective immunity, (iii) the possibility of producing a rationally-designed new generation DIVA vaccine that would offer more efficacious protection, and (iv) the presence of conserved B- and T-cell epitopes in the structural and nonstructural proteins (NSPs) of PRRSV.

A Mutation In Ltbp2 Causes Congenital Glaucoma In Domestic Cats (Felis Catus), Markus H. Kuehn, Koren A. Lipsett, Marilyn Menotti-Raymond, S. Scott Whitmore, Todd E. Scheetz, Victor A. David, Stephen J. O'Brien, Zhongyuan Zhao, Jackie K. Jens, Elizabeth M. Snella, N. Matthew Ellinwood, Gillian J. Mclellan

Biology Faculty Articles

The glaucomas are a group of diseases characterized by optic nerve damage that together represent a leading cause of blindness in the human population and in domestic animals. Here we report a mutation in LTBP2 that causes primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) in domestic cats. We identified a spontaneous form of PCG in cats and established a breeding colony segregating for PCG consistent with fully penetrant, autosomal recessive inheritance of the trait. Elevated intraocular pressure, globe enlargement and elongated ciliary processes were consistently observed in all affected cats by 8 weeks of age. Varying degrees of optic nerve damage resulted by …

An Ethogram For Benthic Octopods (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae), Jennifer Mather, Jean S. Alupay

Physiology Collection

The present paper constructs a general ethogram for the actions of the flexible body as well as the skin displays of octopuses in the family Octopodidae. The actions of 6 sets of structures (mantle–funnel, arms, sucker–stalk, skin–web, head, and mouth) combine to produce behavioral units that involve positioning of parts leading to postures such as the flamboyant, movements of parts of the animal with relation to itself including head bob and grooming, and movements of the whole animal by both jetting in the water and crawling along the substrate. Muscular actions result in 4 key changes in skin display: (a) …

Post-Operative Bleeding In Greyhound Dogs Using An Abbreviated Aminocaproic Acid Treatment Protocol, Courtney Hamblin, Kimberly Peterson

Celebration of Student Scholarship Poster Sessions Archive

No abstract provided.

Studies On The Prevalence And Control Of Parasitic Helminths In "Natural" Laying Hens, Brittany R. Weir

Animal Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

One societal trend that has been gaining much traction and popularity since the 21^st century began is “organic” and/or “natural” food products. In 1999, the global market accounted for $15.2 billion dollars worth of organic food and drink, compared to the market in 2014 where we consumed $80 billion dollars worth (Willer et. al, 2016). With “natural” production of food animals however, “natural” parasite transmission may be a consequence. To that end, this experiment examines the prevalence of helminths in 110 “natural” laying hens from three regional farms and the efficacies of fenbendazole, piperazine, and levamisole on what should …

Plants, Prions And Possibilities: Current Understanding And Significance Of Prion Uptake Into Plants, Tracy A. Nichols

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is an infectious, neurodegenerative disease of deer (white-tailed and mule), elk, moose, sika deer and muntjac caused by a misfolded version of a normally occurring protein. The notion that CWD could be spread indirectly via the environment has been documented and accepted in the scientific community for quite some time. Deer and elk consume soil, inhale dust and lick objects that have infectious material on them, resulting in chronic, low dose exposure. Surface contamination of plants with urine or feces is likely an additional source of exposure via ingestion and has been modeled in the laboratory …

Evaluation And Selection Of A Bacillus Based Direct-Fed Microbial Candidate For In Situ Enzyme Production To Improve Gut Health Integrity, Bone Quality And Growth Performance In Poultry, Juan David Latorre Cardenas

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

During the last decade, the increasing interest in renewable energy sources has been changing the distribution of corn utilization from human and animal consumption to biofuel production, leading to a continuous rise in feed costs of livestock diets. Therefore, alternative feed ingredients such as distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), as well as cereals like wheat, barley, and sorghum have become part of the feed matrix to maintain or reduce production costs. However, these raw materials often contain a higher concentration of antinutritional factors in comparison to corn, including non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) which increase digesta viscosity and reduce nutrient absorption …

Effect Of Dietary Starch Source And Concentration On Equine Fecal Microbiota, Brittany E. Harlow, Laurie M. Lawrence, Susan H. Hayes, Andrea Crum, Michael D. Flythe

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Starch from corn is less susceptible to equine small intestinal digestion than starch from oats, and starch that reaches the hindgut can be utilized by the microbiota. The objective of the current study was to examine the effects of starch source on equine fecal microbiota. Thirty horses were assigned to treatments: control (hay only), HC (high corn), HO (high oats), LC (low corn), LO (low oats), and LW (low pelleted wheat middlings). Horses received an all-forage diet (2 wk; d -14 to d -1) before the treatment diets (2 wk; d 1 to 14). Starch was introduced gradually so that …

The Relationship Between Canine Nasal Length And Second-Hand Smoke Cotinine Levels, Sierra Wilson, Terry Derting

Scholars Week

Second-hand smoke (SHS) has been associated with respiratory cancers in canines, with the predisposed locations determined by the cephalic ratio (head length / head width). Exposure to SHS is frequently measured by analyzing urine or blood samples for the nicotine by-product cotinine. We investigated the suitability of saliva as an alternative source for cotinine analyses in dogs because obtaining saliva is less invasive and cotinine concentrations from SHS exposure are instantaneously measurable in saliva compared to other collection methods. Specifically, we tested for a quantitative relationship between cephalic ratio and the salivary concentration of cotinine. Our null hypothesis was that …

Animal-Assisted Therapy For Military Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An Investigation On The Positive Effects Of Attachment And Affiliation Behaviors, Sara Miele

Scholarly and Creative Works Conference (2015 - 2021)

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in people who have experienced a traumatic event (nimh.nih.gov, 2016). Because PTSD is a chronic disorder, it is associated with impaired quality of life (Stern et al., 2013). A specific population at high risk for developing PTSD is military veterans. It is estimated over half a million military veterans suffer from PTSD (Stern et al., 2013). Although there are psychological services and treatments for veterans, many do not seek help because fear of the negative stigma associated with mental illness (Lanning & Krenek, 2013). Recently, efforts have been made to implement veteran friendly treatment in …

Equine Arteritis Virus Uses Equine Cxcl16 As An Entry Receptor, Sanjay Sarkar, Lakshman Chelvarajan, Yun Young Go, Frank Cook, Sergey Artiushin, Shankar Mondal, Kelsi Anderson, John E. Eberth, Peter J. Timoney, Theodore S. Kalbfleisch, Ernest F. Bailey, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Previous studies in our laboratory have identified equine CXCL16 (EqCXCL16) to be a candidate molecule and possible cell entry receptor for equine arteritis virus (EAV). In horses, the CXCL16 gene is located on equine chromosome 11 (ECA11) and encodes a glycosylated, type I transmembrane protein with 247 amino acids. Stable transfection of HEK-293T cells with plasmid DNA carrying EqCXCL16 (HEK-EqCXCL16 cells) increased the proportion of the cell population permissive to EAV infection from < 3% to almost 100%. The increase in permissiveness was blocked either by transfection of HEK-EqCXCL16 cells with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) directed against EqCXCL16 or by pretreatment with guinea pig polyclonal antibody against EqCXCL16 protein (Gp anti-EqCXCL16 pAb). Furthermore, using a virus overlay protein-binding assay (VOPBA) in combination with far-Western blotting, gradient-purified EAV particles were shown to bind directly to the EqCXCL16 protein in vitro. The binding of biotinylated virulent EAV strain Bucyrus at 4°C was significantly higher in HEK-EqCXCL16 cells than nontransfected HEK-293T cells. Finally, the results demonstrated …

Can Parasitized Lambs Self-Medicate Through Preferred Consumption Of Sericea Lespedeza Pellets?, Mallory Alicia Garcia

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Growing South Dakota (Winter 2016), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

This issue includes the 2015 SDSU Extension Annual Report.

[Page] 2 Contours Program Launched: Aims to Provide Insights & Prompt Discussions
[Page] 4 Local Momentum: Formation of State's First “Food Hub” Comes To Fruition [Page] 6 Spotlight On Soil Health: New Coalition Formed
[Page] 8 Exploring A Range Of Options: Youth Programs Cultivate Interest In Natural Resource Careers
[Page] 9 Profiles In Leadership: Our Mission Continues… Ensuring All Citizens Have Access To Education & Emerging Innovation
[Page] 10 Encouraging Animal Well-Being Workshops & Trainings Help Livestock Producers Become Better Stewards
[Page] 12 Wellness Wisdom: Variety Of Efforts Available To Encourage …

Evaluation Of Negative Energy And Mineral Balance In Periparturient Holstein-Friesian Cattle, Ameer Ahmed Abdelhameed

Open Access Dissertations

Most cows experience a state of negative energy and mineral balance during the periparturient period. This imbalance is a major problem in the dairy industry and it is more frequently seen in multiparous cattle due to their high milk production. A large amount of fat and protein is mobilized in order to address the energy deficit during the periparturient period. The ability to accurately monitor energetics and electrolytes status using accurate, rapid, and low cost point-of-care instruments will assist in optimizing animal health and productivity.

This dissertation contains three studies that evaluated point-of-care instruments for measuring blood and plasma glucose, …

Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis: An Updated Consensus Statement With A Focus On Parasite Biology, Diagnosis, Treatment, And Prevention, S. M. Reed, M. Furr, Daniel K. Howe, A. L. Johnson, R. J. Mackay, J. K. Morrow, N. Pusterla, S. Witonsky

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) remains an important neurologic disease of horses. There are no pathognomonic clinical signs for the disease. Affected horses can have focal or multifocal central nervous system (CNS) disease. EPM can be difficult to diagnose antemortem. It is caused by either of 2 parasites, Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora hughesi, with much less known about N. hughesi. Although risk factors such as transport stress and breed and age correlations have been identified, biologic factors such as genetic predispositions of individual animals, and parasite-specific factors such as strain differences in virulence, remain largely undetermined. This consensus statement …

Awareness Of Rabies And Response To Dog Bites In A Bangladesh Community, Sumon Ghosh, Sukanta Chowdhury, Najmul Haider, Rajub K. Bhowmik, Md. S. Rana, Aung S. Prue Marma, Muhammad B. Hossain, Nitish C. Debnath, Be-Nazir Ahmed

Publications and Research

Community awareness regarding rabies and treatment seeking behaviours are critical both for the prevention and control of the disease in human and animals. We conducted a study to explore people’s awareness about rabies, their attitudes towards dogs and practices associated with treating dog bites in Satkhira Sadar, a southwestern sub-district of Bangladesh. Of the total 3200 households (HHs) surveyed, the majority of the respondents have heard about rabies (73%) and there was a high level of awareness that dog bite is the main cause of rabies (86%), and that rabies can be prevented by vaccination (85%). However, 59% of the …

Comparison Of Protein Phosphatase Inhibition Assay With Lc-Ms/Ms For Diagnosis Of Microcystin Toxicosis In Veterinary Cases, Caroline E. Moore, Jeanette Juan, Yanping Lin, Cynthia L. Gaskill, Birgit Puschner

Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Faculty Publications

Microcystins are acute hepatotoxins of increasing global concern in drinking and recreational waters and are a major health risk to humans and animals. Produced by cyanobacteria, microcystins inhibit serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). A cost-effective PP1 assay using p-nitrophenyl phosphate was developed to quickly assess water and rumen content samples. Significant inhibition was determined via a linear model, which compared increasing volumes of sample to the log-transformed ratio of the exposed rate over the control rate of PP1 activity. To test the usefulness of this model in diagnostic case investigations, samples from two veterinary cases were tested. In August …

Analysis Of Johne's Disease Elisa Status And Associated Performance Parameters In Irish Dairy Cows, A. E. Kennedy, N. Byrne, A. B. Garcia, Jim O'Mahony, R. G. Sayers

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Background

Infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) has been associated with reductions in milk production in dairy cows and sub optimal fertility. The aim of this study was to highlight the production losses associated with testing MAP ELISA positive in Irish dairy cows. Secondary objectives included investigation of risk factors associated with testing MAP ELISA positive. A survey of management practices on study farms was also conducted, with examination of associations between management practices and herd MAP status.

Blood samples were collected from 4188 breeding animals on 22 farms. Samples were ELISA tested using the ID Screen Paratuberculosis Indirect …

Animal Health Matters, Russ Daly, Jane Hennings

Animal Health MATTERS Newsletter

[Page] 1 VBSD/ADRDL Researchers Benefit from new Oscar Olson Research Laboratories at SDSU
[Page] 2 Director's Message: The ADRDL in State Statute
[Page] 3 Darrell Johnson Honored by Department
[Page] 3 Pork Quality Assurance Advisor Training Scheduled at SDSU
[Page] 4 Specimen Receiving and Necropsy Sections at the ADRDL: Getting the Diagnostic Process off to a Great Start
[Page] 6 New Anaplasmosis PCR test online at ADRDL
[Page] 6 Laura Schanning Joins ADRDL in Specimen Receiving
[Page] 6 Reminder: Case History Helps Calf Scours Diagnosis
[Page] 6 Dr. Beverly Shelbourn Joins Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department as Instructor
[Page] 6 …

Circulating Amino Acids In Blood Plasma During The Peripartal Period In Dairy Cows With Different Liver Functionality Index, Z. Zhou, J. J. Loor, F. Piccioli-Cappelli, F. Librandi, G. E. Lobley, E. Trevisi

Physiology Collection

The liver functionality index (LFI) measures the changes of albumin, cholesterol, and bilirubin concentrations between 3 and 28 d postpartum. This composite index, based on variables with direct relevance to liver-specific plasma protein synthesis (albumin), hepatic/intestinal lipoprotein synthesis (cholesterol), and clearance of breakdown products of heme catabolism (bilirubin), provides a tool for evaluating manifestations of hepatic disease. Both energy and protein metabolism are likely to be affected by various physiological challenges in this period but have not been tested systematically. The present study was conducted to profile AA in cows with high or low LFI during the peripartal period …

The Effect Of Various Erythrocyte Species On The Detection Of Avian, Swine And Canine Influenza A Viruses Isolated In Thailand, Aunyaratana Thontiravong, Duangduean Prakairungnamthip, Sunicha Chanvatik, Nutthawan Nonthabenjawan, Wikanda Tunterak, Ratanaporn Tangwangvivat, Kanisak Oraveerakul, Alongkorn Amonsin

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Hemagglutination (HA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests are conventional, well-known methods used for the detection of influenza A viruses (IAVs) and antibodies to IAVs, respectively. The sensitivity of HA and HI tests is usually affected by the compatibility of sialic acid (SA) receptors on red blood cells (RBCs) with the HA proteins of IAVs. In this study, the erythrocyte binding preferences of sixteen avian, swine and canine IAVs from Thailand were investigated using five erythrocyte sources: chicken, turkey, goose, guinea pig and horse RBCs. The results demonstrated that, turkey RBCs yielded the highest HA titers against most avian, swine and …

Control Of Estrus In Gilts And Primiparous Sows, Roy N. Kirkwood, Fabio De Rensis

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The primary controller of weaned pig output is the successful breeding of enough females in the breeding week. The number of females available for breeding is dependent on the number of sows weaned sows and service-ready gilt availability. Primiparous (P1) sows often have longer wean-estrus intervals (WEI) and increased anestrus; ensuring sufficient gilts and sows are available may require control of estrus. Stimulating estrus requires appropriate boar contact or when this is not sufficient, administration of gonadotrophins. If gonadotrophins are used expect estrus 4 to 6 d later and it is usual to breed at the induced estrus. If there …

Comparison Of Effects Of Different Antioxidants Supplemented To Long-Term Extender On Boar Semen Quality Following Storage At 17ºc, Thevin Vongpralub, Pachara Thananurak, Chamaiporn Sittikasamkit, Phirawit Chuawongboon, Monchai Duangjinda, Wuttigrai Boonkum, Vibuntita Chankitisakul

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The use of antioxidants as semen additives in the extender has been proposed to improve sperm function during cool storage. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of different antioxidant supplementation in extender on boar semen quality during storage for 10 days at 17ºC. Semen samples (n=18) were divided into 10 aliquots and diluted with Reading extender supplemented with three different concentrations of water-soluble glutathione, L-carnitine, and vitamin E analogue Trolox (0.1, 1 and 5mM). All samples were stored in a refrigerator at 17ºC for 10 days. Sperm motility was assessed at Days 1, 4, 7 and …

Evaluation Of Amelogenin And Zinc-Finger Loci For Sex Identification In Captive Felids, Suwimon Phandee, Janjira Phavaphutanon, Kaikanoke Sirinarumitr, Sudtisa Laopiem, Theerapol Sirinarumitr

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The amelogenin and zinc-finger regions were used for sex determination in six species of felids: Felis catus (Persian cat), Felis chaus (jungle cat), Prionailurus bengalensis (leopard cat), Pardofelis temminckii (Asiatic golden cat), Panthera tigris (tiger) and Prionailurus viverrinus (fishing cat). The amelogenin region in all six felids could be successfully amplified and gave a heterozygous genotype in males and a homozygous genotype in females, except for leopard cats which showed a heterozygous genotype in both sexes. The PCR products from the zinc-finger region could be amplified in Persian cats, Asiatic golden cats, tigers and fishing cats. In the Persian cat, …

Cisplatin Intralesional Chemotherapy Of Recurrence Schwannoma In Horse: A Case Report, Rungrueang Yodsheewan, Kanittha Phetudomsinsuk

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A 7-year-old crossbred stallion had multiple solitary cutaneous masses at the right infraorbital area which were recurrent for two months. The biggest mass size was 5 x 7 x 1 cm3 and had superficial bleeding. This case was diagnosed as peripheral nerve sheath tumors based on cytological and histological examination which showed numerous spindle cells with cancerous characteristics, cell patterns of the tumor were interlacing bundle and a whirl. Most areas showed tense palisading nuclei of tumor cells (Verocay bodies) known as Antoni A area. The rest showed loose paucicellular tissue known as Antoni B area. Within histologic sections, the …

Effect Of Antibiotic Growth Promoters On Anti-Oxidative And Anti-Inflammatory Activities In Broiler Chickens, Krittika Kabploy, Nuntavan Bunyapraphatsara, Noppawan Phumala Morales, Nuanchan Paraksa

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of sub-therapeutic antibiotics (avilamycin and flavophospholipol) in animal feed on anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in broilers to understand the mechanisms of AGPs. Four hundred and fifty six 1-day-old broilers (ROSS 308) were divided into 3 groups with 4 replications. Three experimental diets composed of a corn-soybean meal based diet supplemented with 0, 10 mg/kg avilamycin and 5 mg/kg flavophospholipol were randomly provided to the broilers for 42 days, respectively. Results showed that the AGPs significantly decreased TBA-MDA adduct in serum as well as villi tissue of the broilers, especially flavophospholipol. However, …