Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Reduced Intestinal Colonization Of Adult Beef Cattle By Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Tir Deletion And Nalidixic-Acid-Resistant Mutants Lacking Flagellar Expression, Gustavo Bretschneider, Emil M. Berberov, Rodney A. Moxley

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The importance of the Escherichia coli O157:H7 translocated intimin receptor (Tir) protein in intestinal colonization and the effect of infection with Tir⁺ strains on protection against subsequent challenge was studied in adult beef cattle. Cattle were orally inoculated (C1) with a Shiga toxin-2⁺+ E. coli O157:H7 strain that was Tir⁺ or Tir^-, and 42 days later were re-challenged (C2) with the nalidixic acid (Nal) ^R parent strain to test whether prior infection had any effect on fecal shedding. During the first 14 days post-C1, the Nal^S wildtype (WT) strain was shed at significantly …

Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cell Lines As A New In Vitro Model For Studying Adherence And Pathogenesis Of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli, Seung Y. Koh, Sajan George, Volker Brozel, Rodney A. Moxley, David H. Francis, Radhey Kaushik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections result in large economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. The organism causes diarrhea by adhering to and colonizing enterocytes in the small intestines. While much progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of ETEC, no homologous intestinal epithelial cultures suitable for studying porcine ETEC pathogenesis have been described prior to this report. In the current study, we investigated the adherence of various porcine ETEC strains to two porcine (IPEC-1 and IPEC-J2) and one human (INT-407) small intestinal epithelial cell lines. Each cell line was assessed for its ability to support the adherence of …

Light-Evoked Calcium Responses Of Isolated Melanopsin- Expressing Retinal Ganglion Cells, Andrew T. E. Hartwick, Jayne R. Bramley, Jianing Yu, Kelly T. Stevens, Charles N. Allen, William H. Baldridge, Patricia J. Sollars, Gary E. Pickard

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

A small number (<2%) of mammalian retinal ganglion cells express the photopigment melanopsin and are intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs). Light depolarizes ipRGCs and increases intracellular calcium levels ( [Ca²⁺]_i ) but the signaling cascades underlying these responses have yet to be elucidated. To facilitate physiological studies on these rare photoreceptors, highly enriched ipRGC cultures from neonatal rats were generated using anti-melanopsin-mediated plate adhesion (immunopanning). This novel approach enabled experiments on isolated ipRGCs, eliminating the potential confounding influence of rod/cone-driven input. Light induced a rise in [Ca²⁺]_i (monitored using fura-2 imaging) in the immunopanned ipRGCs and the source of this Ca²⁺ signal was investigated. The Ca²⁺ responses were inhibited by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, SKF-96365 (1–2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy]ethyl-1H-imidazole), flufenamic acid, …

Stable Cell Lines Expressing High Levels Of The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Lat Are Refractory To Caspase 3 Activation And Dna Laddering Following Cold Shock Induced Apoptosis, Dale Carpenter, Chinhui Hsiang, Donald J. Brown, Ling Jin, Nelson Osorio, Lbachir Benmohamed, Clinton J. Jones, Steven L. Wechsler

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency associated transcript (LAT) gene’s anti-apoptosis activity plays a central, but not fully elucidated, role in enhancing the virus’s reactivation phenotype. In transient transfection experiments, LAT increases cell survival following an apoptotic insult in the absence of other HSV-1 genes. However, the high background of untransfected cells has made it difficult to demonstrate that LAT inhibits specific apoptotic factors such as caspases. Here we report that, in mouse neuroblastoma cell lines (C1300) stably expressing high levels of LAT, cold shock induced apoptosis was blocked as judged by increased survival, protection against DNA fragmentation …

Neuroanatomy Of The Subadult And Fetal Brain Of The Atlantic White-Sided Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus Acutus) From In Situ Magnetic Resonance Images, Eric W. Montie, Gerald E. Schneider, Darlene R. Ketten, Lori Marino, Katie E. Touhey, Mark E. Hahn

Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection

This article provides the first anatomically labeled, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -based atlas of the subadult and fetal Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) brain. It differs from previous MRI-based atlases of cetaceans in that it was created from images of fresh, postmortem brains in situ rather than extracted, formalin-fixed brains. The in situ images displayed the classic hallmarks of odontocete brains: fore-shortened orbital lobes and pronounced temporal width. Olfactory structures were absent and auditory regions (e.g., temporal lobes and inferior colliculi) were enlarged. In the subadult and fetal postmortem MRI scans, the hippocampus was identifiable, despite the relatively small size …

Microsattellite Polymorphism And Parentage Control In Thai Domestic Elephants (Elephas Maximus), Duangsmorn Suwattana, Weerapong Koykul, Jutharat Jirasupphachok, Sumolya Kanchanapangka

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Polymorphism of microsatellite DNA in Thai domestic elephants (Elephas maximus) was studied using five genetic markers including LaT05, LaT07, LaT16, LaT17 and LaT26, in order to determine the efficiency of such markers in parentage identification. Eleven elephants from 5 families and 10 unrelated ones located in the northern, northeastern and central parts of Thailand were tested. It was found that LaT05, LaT16, LaT17 and LaT26 possessed marker sizes of 250-500 bp with numbers of alleles ranging from 4-13, heterozygosity 0.62-0.88 and PIC 0.56-0.87 whereas LaT07 could not be detected in all specimens used. LaT05 and LaT26 appeared to be the …

The Effect Of Cold Storage On The Quality Of Stallion Semen And Pregnancy Rate After Artificial Insemination, Theerawat Tharasanit, Sukanya Manee-In, Pharaphon Khamenkhetwit, Sudson Sirivaidyapong, Chainarong Lohachit

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

While the use of frozen-thawed semen has been hampered by poor cryopreservability of equine sperm, the technique of choice in equine practice remains artificial insemination (AI) using cold storage semen. This study examined the effect of cold storage on semen quality and pregnancy rate after AI. In experiment I, ejaculates were collected from 3 stallions of proven fertility and then diluted to a final concentration of 25-50 x 106 sperm/ml. After transportation, the semen was then divided into two aliquots. The first part of semen was centrifuged to partially remove the seminal plasma, while the remaining was left intact with …

Ecg Quiz, Chollada Buranakarl, Kris Angkanaporn, Monkon Trisiriroj

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Ultrasound Diagnosis, Phiwipha Kamonrat

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

What Is Your Diagnosis?, Pranee Tuntivanich, Suwicha Chuthatep

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Evidence Of Melamine And Related Substances Contamination To Animal Feed In Thailand, Supol Luengyosluechakul

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Review Of The Efficacy And Safety Of Poly (2-Propenal, 2-Propenoic Acid): A Novel Antimicrobial Polymer, Alistair Iain Murdoch, Rosalie Dianne Mccauley, David John Hampson

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters is likely to increase the incidence of enteric disease in pig and broiler farms; especially in poorly sanitised conditions. Therefore, replacements for the antibiotic growth promoters currently used in both pig and poultry production, which offer disease control and delay the further development of antibiotic resistance, will become increasingly important. Poly (2-propenal, 2-propenoic acid) (pPPA) is a new chemical entity undergoing development by Chemeq Ltd, Australia. It was designed to contain aldehyde groups for antimicrobial activity, carboxylic acid groups to aid water solubility and conformationally is a long chain, high molecular weight polymer developed …

Molecular Diagnostic To Identify Mycobacterial Species In Veterinary Science, Carlos Julian De Luna, Olivier Andre Ettore Sparagano

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The genus Mycobacterium is of utmost importance in veterinary medicine. Members of the genus cause serious diseases to livestock and they also could be transmitted to humans. Bovine tuberculosis, principally caused by M. bovis, is a widespread disease and causes serious economic losses to farmers worldwide. Paratuberculosis or Johne’s disease caused by the M. avium complex, is a slow-developing disease present in several species, particularly cattle, and it has been associated with Chrone’s disease of humans. It causes diarrhoea, and weight loss that could be fatal. The common diagnostic methods used rely upon culturing and microbiological identification of the Mycobacterium …

Potential Study Of Using Earthworms As An Enhancement To Treat High Strength Wastewater, Nathasith Chiarawatchai, Chackrit Nuengjamnong, Pichaya Rachdawong, Ralf Otterpohl

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The aim of this research was to preliminarily investigate the potential of earthworms to reduce clogging by introducing into the lab-scale wetland-like reactors receiving high strength wastewater, which were swine wastewater in Thailand, and domestic wastewater in Germany. The preliminary results indicated that every unit with earthworms had no sign of clogging regardless of the type of wastewater, whereas clogging was the case in the units without earthworms receiving swine wastewater. Both studies reflected similarity, which exhibited little treatment in every microcosm. It could be implied that earthworms could thrive within the wetland body due to the survival rate of …

Ophthalmology Snapshot, Nalinee Tuntivanich

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Animal Health Matters, Russ Daly, Jane Hennings

Animal Health MATTERS Newsletter

[Page] 1- New Diagnostic/Research Faculty Bring Talents to SDSU, Dr. Diego Del, Dr. Joy Scaria [Page] 1- More New Hires to Start Soon at VBS Department [Page] 2- Director's Message: “One Health” and the Importance of Training the Next Generation of Scientists [Page] 3- Summary of BVDV-PI Testing at SDSU ADRDL [Page] 4- The Clinical Pathology Section at SDSU’s ADRDL [Page] 5- Governor Daugaard Pays Visit to the ADRDL Through Stethoscope Ceremony [Page] 6- New Hire: Dana Rausch, Molecular Diagnostics [Page] 6- ADRDL Bacteriologist Serves as President [Page] 6- Serology Staff Member Aids Custer State Park Bison Testing Efforts [Page] …

Allelic Heterogeneity At The Equine Kit Locus In Dominant White (W) Horses, Bianca Haase, Samantha A. Brooks, Angela Schlumbaum, Pedro J. Azor, Ernest Bailey, Ferial Alaeddine, Meike Mevissen, Dominik Burger, Pierre-André Poncet, Stefan Rieder, Tosso Leeb

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

White coat color has been a highly valued trait in horses for at least 2,000 years. Dominant white (W) is one of several known depigmentation phenotypes in horses. It shows considerable phenotypic variation, ranging from approximately 50% depigmented areas up to a completely white coat. In the horse, the four depigmentation phenotypes roan, sabino, tobiano, and dominant white were independently mapped to a chromosomal region on ECA 3 harboring the KIT gene. KIT plays an important role in melanoblast survival during embryonic development. We determined the sequence and genomic organization of the approximately 82 kb equine KIT gene. A mutation …

2006 Michigan Dairy Farm Business Analysis Summary, Eric Wittenberg, Christopher Wolf

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

This report summarizes the financial and production records of 139 dairy farms from throughout Michigan in 2006. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The records came from Michigan State University’s TelFarm project and the Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. The farms are larger than would be the average of all dairy farms in Michigan. While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follows.

Differences In Virulence Among Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Strains Isolated From Humans During Disease Outbreaks And From Healthy Cattle, Diane R. Baker, Rodney A. Moxley, Mike B. Steele, Jeffrey T. Lejeune, Jane Christopher-Hennings, Ding-Geng Chen, Philip R. Hardwidge, David H. Francis

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Escherichia coli O157:H7 causes life-threatening outbreaks of diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolyticuremic syndrome in humans and significant economic loss in agriculture and could be a potential agent of bioterrorism. Although the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle and other species with which humans have frequent contact is high, human infections are relatively uncommon, despite a low infectious dose. A plausible explanation for the low disease incidence is the possibility that not all strains are virulent in humans. If there are substantial differences in virulence among strains in nature, then human disease may select for high virulence. We used a …

Animal Health Matters, David H. Zeman

Animal Health MATTERS Newsletter

Head/Director's Message [Page] 1- The Survey Says Diagnostic News [Page] 1- Tritrichomonas Testing and PCR [Page] 2- Update: Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia [Page] 2- Addition to Compounding Pharmacy Listing [Page] 2- Holiday Hours Extension News [Page] 2- Bull Tail-Tip Necrosis Cases in South Dakota, Summer, 2007 [Page] 5- Microchips and Cancer – AVMA Statement [Page] 5- Studies: New Treatments for Horses with Navicular Disease [Page] 5- Pieces and Parts Research News [Page] 6- Research Spotlight: Dr. Weiping Zhang Student News [Page] 7- Incoming freshmen pre-vets at SDSU [Page] 8- Calendar of Events

Enhancement Of Efficacy Of Prrsv Vaccines By Altering The Glycosylation Pattern Of Viral Glycoproteins, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

PRRSV, the causative agent of PRRS is of major economic significance to the pork industry in the USA and around the world. Current commercial vaccine does not provide adequate protection against PRRSV outbreaks. Therefore, there is an urgent need for development of more efficacious vaccine to combat PRRS. Our previous studies have suggested that (i) induction of neutralizing antibody response is an important correlate of evaluating the efficacy of a vaccine; (ii) neutralizing antibodies can be enhanced by hypoglycosylation of the major surface glycoprotein (GP5). While it is known that GP5 plays a prominent role in neutralizing antibody induction, it …

Febrile Response And Decrease In Circulating Lymphocytes Following Acute Infection Of White-Tailed Deer Fawns With Either A Bvdv1 Or A Bvdv2 Strain, Julia F. Ridpath, C. Scott Mark, Christopher C.L. Chase, Alanson C. Ridpath, John D. Neill

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Although commonly associated with infection in cattle, bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) also replicate in many domestic and wildlife species, including cervids. Bovine viral diarrhea viruses have been isolated from a number of cervids, including mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus), but little information is available regarding clinical presentation and progression of infection in these species. In preliminary studies of experimental infection of deer with BVDV, researchers noted seroconversion but no clinical signs. In this study, we infected white-tailed deer fawns that were negative …

Otk18, A Zinc-Finger Protein, Regulates Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Long Terminal Repeat Through Two Distinct Regulatory Regions, Masahide Horiba, Lindsey B. Martinez, James L. Buescher, Sinji Sato, Jenae Limoges, Yunquan Jiang, Clinton J. Jones, Tsuneya Ikezu

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

It has previously been shown by our laboratory that OTK18, a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-inducible zinc-finger protein, reduces progeny-virion production in infected human macrophages. OTK18 antiviral activity is mediated through suppression of Tat-induced HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter activity. Through the use of LTR scanning mutant vectors, the specific regions responsible for OTK18-mediated LTR suppression have been defined. Two different LTR regions were identifi ed as potential OTK18-binding sites by an enhanced DNA–transcription factor ELISA system; the negative-regulatory element (NRE) at –255/–238 and the Ets-binding site (EBS) at –150/–139 in the LTR. In addition, deletion of the EBS in …

Characterization Of The Equine 2'-5' Oligoadenylate Synthetase 1 (Oas1) And Ribonuclease L (Rnasel) Innate Immunity Genes, Jonathan J. Rios, Andrey A. Perelygin, Maureen T. Long, Teri L. Lear, Andrey A. Zharkikh, Margo A. Brinton, David L. Adelson

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The mammalian OAS/RNASEL pathway plays an important role in antiviral host defense. A premature stop-codon within the murine Oas1b gene results in the increased susceptibility of mice to a number of flaviviruses, including West Nile virus (WNV). Mutations in either the OAS1 or RNASEL genes may also modulate the outcome of WNV-induced disease or other viral infections in horses. Polymorphisms in the human OAS gene cluster have been previously utilized for case-control analysis of virus-induced disease in humans. No polymorphisms have yet been identified in either the equine OAS1 or RNASEL genes for use in similar case-control studies.

RESULTS: …

A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study Of Oviduct Epithelium In Culling Repeat Breeder Gilts, Paisan Tienthai, Kriengyot Sajjarengpong

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

In the porcine reproductive tract, the oviduct is the vital organ for fertilization and early embryonic development. Repeat breeder (RB) gilts have previously shown the abnormal histological changes and deviant hormonal levels throughout estrous cycle. The aim of present study was to examine the oviduct epithelium of gilts culled due to RB (n = 9) in comparison to normal sows (controls, n = 6) by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The reproductive organs were collected after sending the RB gilts to local abattoir and their ovaries were kept to classify the estrous cycle. The ultrastructural details of control oviduct epithelium composed …

Analysis Of Y Chromosome Rearrangements Between B. Taurus And B. Indicus, Duangsmorn Suwattana, Hannes Joerg, Daria Graphodatskaya, Gerald Stranzinger

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The significantly high similarity of karyotypes were shown between Bos taurus and B. indicus except for morphology of the Y-chromosome. The B. taurus-Y (BTA-Y) is submetacentric whereas the B. indicus-Y (BIN-Y) is acrocentic. Based on the hybridization of the chromosome painting technique, the difference between Y chromosomes in B. taurus and B. indicus was proposed to be originated from the pericentric inversion between these two species. However, hybridization of SRY to the sub-centromeric end of BIN-Y indicated a double pericentric inversion found between B. taurus and B. indicus. We suggested that BTA-Y and BIN-Y were originated from a common ancestor …

Ecg Quiz, Chollada Buranakarl, Kris Angkanaporn, Monkon Trisiriroj

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Ophthalmology Snapshot, Nalinee Tuntivanich

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Assisted Reproduction Techniques In Horses: The Challenge, Theerawat Tharasanit, Mongkol Techakumphu

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs), such as artificial insemination and embryo transfer are well established and have been used in a wide range of species. To date, the economic impact of these ARTs in horses has rapidly increased. While many studies have attempted to improve the efficiency of ARTs, overall success remains relatively restricted due principally to a limited knowledge of the unique reproductive physiology of this species. Improving efficiency of particular techniques has become an affordable milestone in the development of ARTs in equine reproduction.

Management Of Gastric Dilatation/Volvulus And Its Cardiac Complication In A Saint Bernard, Chollada Buranakarl, Mongkol Trisiriroj, Suwanakiet Sawangkoon

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A five-year-old Saint Bernard was presented at the Small Animal Hospital, Chulalongkorn University with clinical signs of acute abdominal distention and severe pain. The gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) was diagnosed and was confirmed at surgery. The volvulus appeared in both stomach and spleen in which both organs were partially damaged. The dog developed cardiac arrhythmia the next day after surgery starting with accelerated idioventricular rhythm. Multiple types of arrhythmias were seen including ventricular tachycardia with R on T phenomenon and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The antiarrhythmic drugs, amiodarone and carvedilol were given to convert to normal sinus rhythm and drugs …