Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Ecg Quiz, Chollada Buranakarl, Saikaew Sutayatram

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

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Ophthalmology Snapshot, Nalinee Tuntivanich

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

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Determination Of Age And Construction Of Population Age Structure Of Wild Asian Elephants Based On Dung Bolus Circumference, Chalita Kongrit, Chomcheun Siripunkaw

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Estimating the age of wildlife is an important technique for the construction of a population age structure that could be useful for the prediction of population change. The age of wild elephants can be reliably estimated from the size of dung bolus circumference which correlates with elephant growth. This research aimed to determine a cut-off bolus circumference for the mature age class of wild Asian elephants at Salakphra Wildlife Sanctuary as inferred from the social behavior of male elephants. Males living within their natal groups were considered immature males, whereas solitary males were considered mature males. The largest bolus circumference …

Comparative In Vitro Killing Activities Of Enrofloxacin When Used Alone And In Combination With Doxycycline Against E. Coli Isolates From Dogs And Cats, Supapatt Kireewan, Nipattra Suanpairintr

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Enrofloxacin (ENR) exhibits bactericidal activity while doxycycline (DOX), a drug of choice for Ehrlichia canis (E. canis), demonstrates bacteriostatic effect. When Gram-negative bacteria and E. canis co-infection occurs, using enrofloxacin concurrently with doxycycline is inevitable. The objectives of this study were to compare in vitro killing activities and killing times of enrofloxacin when used alone with those of its combination with doxycycline against ten Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from dogs and cats using time-kill curves. The combination treatment was administered either simultaneously (ENR+DOX at t=0 hr) or separately (DOX at t=0 followed by ENR at t=12 hr). The best …

Evaluation Of Antimicrobial Peptide K9cath In A Murine Model Of Mastitis, Alberto Barreras-Serrano, Alma Rossana Tamayo-Sosa, Víctor Manuel Del Villar-Pérez, Alma Angelina Castellanos-Félix, Gilberto López-Valencia, Luis Tinoco-Gracia, Rogelio Hernández-Pando, Tonatiuh Melgarejo

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

In the present study the effect of antimicrobial peptide K9CATH was evaluated in a murine model of mastitis by Staphylococcus aureus. Mastitis was induced with a clinical isolate of S. aureus in 20 female Balb/c mice at 7 to 10 days of lactation. Ten mice (treatment group) received daily intramammary infusions of 32 μg/50 μL K9CATH peptide, for 3 consecutive days, and 10 other mice (control group) received only 50 μL of saline solution. Results showed a significant reduction (P<0.01) in S. aureus CFU counts in the treatment group compared to the control group. These data suggest that the K9CATH peptide could be a potential candidate for the treatment of bovine mastitis.

Study Of Testicular Immunolocalization Of Inhibin Subunits And Epididymal Histological Structures Among Different Antler Status In Rusa Deer (Rusa Timorensis), Apichaya Sudsukh, Kazuyoshi Taya, Gen Watanabe, Kentaro Nagaoka, Worawidh Wajjwalku, Nikorn Thongtip

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The number of rusa deer (Rusa timorensis) raising farms has highly increased in Thailand. Basic data on the reproduction of rusa deer are essential for improvement in deer farming reproduction and the assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) of endangered deer species. This study aimed to determine the relation of antler changes to testicular and epididymis histological structure and cellular source of testicular inhibin subunits in rusa deer. Eighteen rusa deer testes and epididymis were collected from a slaughterhouse located in Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. The male rusa deer used in this study were separated into three groups depending on antler …

In Vivo Bone Regeneration Of Thai Silk Fibroin Scaffolds With Gelatin, Hydroxyapatite And Hyaluronic Acid, Tonporn Lamlerd, Kumpanart Soontornvipart, Sawang Kesdangsakonwut, Sorada Kanokpanont, Siriporn Damrongsakkul

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Three-dimensional Thai silk fibroin-based scaffolds have been developed and reported in our previous study on their appropriate morphology, physical properties and, in particular, promising potential to promote the growth of bone cells in vitro. Moreover, our previous study found that they were non-toxic to cells in vivo. In this work, three types of Thai silk fibroin-based scaffolds, including conjugated gelatin/Thai silk fibroin scaffold (CGSF), hydroxyapatite/conjugated gelatin/Thai silk fibroin scaffold (CGSF4) and hyaluronic acid/Thai silk fibroin scaffold (HSF), were investigated for their in vivo osteogenic potential in rat model. Each Thai silk fibroin-based scaffold was implanted in the bone defect (6 …

Effects Of Proportion Of Cassava And Lactic Acid-Treated Cassava In Rations On Rumen Ph And Plasma Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein In Beef Cattle, Rittichai Pilachai, Weerachai Thongdee, Yauvapol Chumpol, Suvaluk Seesupa, Jan Thomas Schonewille

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of the proportion of cassava and lactic acid (LA)-treated cassava in rations on rumen fermentation parameters and plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) in beef cattle. Four, rumen cannulated, beef cattle were randomly assigned to four experimental rations in a study with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a 4 × 4 Latin square with a 16-day adaptation period, followed by a 5-day experimental period. During the 5 days of experimental period, the cattle were subjected to 4 experimental treatments, i.e. rations that contained either a high proportion or a low …

Streptococcus Agalactiae Serotype Ib, An Emerging Pathogen Affecting Climbing Perch (Anabas Testudineus) And Günther’S Walking Catfish (Clarias Macrocephalus) Polycultured In Southern Thailand, Chutima Klingklib, Naraid Suanyuk

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus; GBS) causes serious damage to fish aquaculture worldwide. The present study reports S. agalactiae infection in climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) and Günther’s walking catfish (Clarias macrocephalus) polycultured in southern Thailand between 2011 and 2015. During the disease outbreak, a mortality rate of 10-40% was observed, affecting climbing perch and Günther’s walking catfish weighing from 60-150 g and 30-90 g, respectively. The infected fish exhibited a variety of symptoms typical of streptococcosis, including lethargy, exophthalmia, corneal opacity, ascites, haemorrhage and erratic swimming. One hundred and twenty six isolates from the infected fish were identified as S. …

Seroprevalence And Molecular Investigation Of Brucellosis In Camels Of Selected Districts Of Punjab, Pakistan, Asim Shahzad, Ahrar Khan, Muhammad Zargham Khan, Muhammad Saqib

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Camels still play an important role in providing food security in several developing countries, especially in the arid zones. As brucellosis has zoonotic importance, thereby diseased camels can infect humans chiefly via milk. In spite of its vital importance, limited studies are available of brucellosis in camels in Pakistan. Keeping in view the fact, this study was designed and executed. For this purpose, serum samples (n=761) from various herds of camel with history of abortion from different locations of Punjab province, Pakistan were collected. Initial screening was done using Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT). To avoid improper judgment of the …

Seroprevalence Of Bluetongue Virus Infection And Associated Risk Factors In Domestic Ruminants In The South Of Iran, Mohsen Manavian, Majid Hashemi, Davood Nikoo, Farhang Tavan, Seyed Mohammad Hossein Hosseini, Mehran Bakhshesh, Mohammad Hossein Marhamatizade

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A cross-sectional study was designed and 3,872 blood samples were collected from apparently healthy sheep, goats and cows in Fars province, the south of Iran. The sera were screened for detection of bluetongue virus (BTV) antibodies using a commercially competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Overall prevalence rate of BTV antibodies among the domestic ruminants was 57.64% (70.93%, 55.70% and 19.77% for sheep, goat and cow, respectively). Associations between each independent variable, including ruminant type, age, sex, region, farming system and breed, and BTV infection were statistically significant (p<0.05). Females were 1.32 times more likely to exhibit seropositivity. Odds ratio for BTV infection was higher in older animals and traditional farming. The results revealed a wide spread of BTV infection in the domestic ruminants, especially in sheep and goat. Further studies of the distribution of Culicoides vectors in the region, virus isolation and genome sequencing of the isolated viruses are suggested.

Effects Of Chikungunya Virus Titers In Blood Meals On Virus Infection, Dissemination, And Transmission In Asian Tiger Mosquito: Aedes Albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), Ranida Tuanudom, Nichapat Yurayart, Sonthaya Tiawsirisup

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an important mosquito-borne virus and transmission cycle of this virus involves mosquito vectors and infected vertebrate hosts. However, the study about vector competence for CHIKV in Thailand is limited. This study was conducted to examine the effects of CHIKV titers in blood meals on vector competence of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Five groups of Ae. albopictus were allowed to feed on different levels of CHIKV in the blood meals which were 102, 103, 104, 105, and 106 CID50/ml of CHIKV. Body, legs and wings, and saliva samples from blood-fed mosquitoes were assayed for the presence of …

Development Of Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay For Antibody Detection Against Avibacterium Paragallinarum, Panchita Hongprasertkul, Wisanu Wanasawaeng, Niwat Chansiripornchai

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) for antibody detection against A. paragallinarum serovars A, B and C was developed in separated plates. One hundred Babcock 308 female layer chickens were randomly divided into five groups of 20 each. Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were different positive control groups of immunized chickens with commercial trivalent mineral oil vaccine, and prepared bacterins of Avibacterium paragallinarum serovars A (221), B (0222) and C (Modesto), respectively. The chickens in Group 5 were assigned as a negative control. Positive and negative control sera from the chickens in Groups 1-5 at 2 weeks after the second …

Effect Of A Prebiotic, Probiotic And Symbiotic On Performance Of Broilers Under Clostridium Perfringens Challenge, Ahmed Abdulaziz Al-Sagan, Alaeldein Mahmoud Abudabos

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The risk of developing antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria is a major concern in poultry production. The aim of this paper was to evaluate a number of commercially available products as alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) in broiler’s feed. Six experimental treatments [T1 = unmediated feed (negative control, NC); T2 = unmediated feed plus bacterial challenge (positive control, PC); T3 = feed plus antibiotic (NEOX); T4 = feed plus probiotic (GALI); T5 = feed plus prebiotic (TECHNO); and T6 = feed plus probiotic and prebiotic (SYM)] were used in this study. A total of 240 one-day-old chicks were utilized in the …

Temporohyoid Osteoarthropathy In A Mare With Unilateral Facial Paralysis And Vestibular Signs, Hamid Tavanaeimanesh, Majid Masoudifard, Seyyed Hosein Moaddab

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The aim of this case report was to present clinical signs and radiographic features of one of the most important peripheral vestibular diseases in horse, and also present the treatment for this disease. Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (THO) is caused by proliferation of the proximal stylohyoid bone and petrous temporal bone which finally results in ankylosis of the temporohyoid joint. Any sudden movement may result in damage to the joint and also structures in its vicinity. Some peripheral nerves especially cranial nerve VII and VIII may be affected and THO manifestation appears. The mare presented in this report was referred with unilateral …

What Is Your Diagnosis?, Chutimon Thanaboonnipat, Nan Choisunirachon

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

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Endocrine And Metabolic Effects Of Consuming Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: Preclinical And Clinical Studies", Peter Havel

Science Seminar Series

Peter J. Havel of the School of Veterinary Medicine at UC Davis will speak on his research on Endocrine and Metabolic Effects of Consuming Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: Preclinical and clinical studies at this Science Seminar Series lecture.

A Serosurvey Of Selected Cystogenic Coccidia In Spanish Equids: First Detection Of Anti-Besnoitia Spp. Specific Antibodies In Europe, Daniel Gutiérrez-Expósito, Ignacio García-Bocanegra, Daniel K. Howe, Antonio Arenas-Montes, Michelle R. Yeargan, Sallyanne L. Ness, Luis M Ortega-Mora, G. Álvarez-García

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Background: Equine besnoitiosis, caused by Besnoitia bennetti, and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), caused by Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora hughesi are relevant equine diseases in the Americas that have been scarcely studied in Europe. Thus, a serosurvey of these cystogenic coccidia was carried out in Southern Spain. A cross-sectional study was performed and serum samples from horses (n = 553), donkeys (n = 85) and mules (n = 83) were included. An in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to identify a Besnoitia spp. infection and positive results were confirmed by an a posteriori western blot. For Neospora …

Equine Disease Model For Herpesvirus Neurologic Disease And Uses Thereof, George P. Allen, Glenda Ross

Veterinary Science Faculty Patents

Disclosed is an in vivo equine disease model and a method of preparing the disease model for equine herpesvirus-1 neurological disease comprising a horse having a low preexposure level of herpesvirus-specific CTL precursors wherein the horse is experimentally infected with a neuropathogenic strain of equine herpesvirus or a mutant thereof. Also disclosed is a method of quantifying the risk factors and predicting the development of clinical neurologic signs of equine herpesvirus-1 neurological disease in a horse. Also described in the invention is the determination of the risk of developing the clinical neurologic signs by a mathematical equation. A new live, …

Central Role Of Vasotocin In The Neuroendocrine Regulation Of Stress Responses And Food Intake In Chickens, Gallus Gallus, Gurueswar Nagarajan

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

It is well known that arginine vasotocin (AVT) in birds is involved in physiological homeostasis such as cardiovascular, osmotic regulation as well as reproductive functions. Pertinent to these physiological functions, AVT immunoreactive (-ir) neurons in the hypothalamus have been found associated with hemorrhage, dehydration, oviposition and other physiological regulation. Evidence, however, suggests that AVT also plays significant roles in modulating behavior, memory, stress, and food intake. This dissertation research addresses the latter two neuroendocrine functions of AVT in detail within the chicken brain. First, the functional role of AVT-ir neurons in conjunction with corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)-ir neurons in the …

Reduction In Activity By Noxious Chemical Stimulation Is Ameliorated By Immersion In Analgesic Drugs In Zebrafish, Javier Lopez-Luna, Qussay Al-Jubouri, Waleed Al-Nuaimy, Lynne U. Sneddon

Anesthesia and Analgesia Collection

Research has recently demonstrated that larval zebrafish show similar molecular responses to nociception to those of adults. Our study explored whether unprotected larval zebrafish exhibited altered behaviour after exposure to noxious chemicals and screened a range of analgesic drugs to determine their efficacy to reduce these responses. This approach aimed to validate larval zebrafish as a reliable replacement for adults as well as providing a high-throughput means of analysing behavioural responses. Zebrafish at 5 days postfertilization were exposed to known noxious stimuli: acetic acid (0.01%, 0.1% and 0.25%) and citric acid (0.1%, 1% and 5%). The behavioural response of each …

Evaluation Of Six Serological Elisa Kits Available In Italy As Screening Tests For Equine Infectious Anaemia Surveillance, Roberto Nardini, Gian Luca Autorino, Charles J. Issel, Richard F. Cook, Ida Ricci, Raffaele Frontoso, Francesca Rosone, Maria Teresa Scicluna

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

Background: ELISAs are known to have a higher diagnostic sensitivity than the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) when employed for serological diagnosis of equine infectious anaemia (EIA). For this purpose, an “in-house” and five commercial ELISAs available in Italy were assessed by the National Reference Centre for EIA for their analytic specificity (Sp); precocity, defined as capability of detecting first antibodies produced during a new infection; precision based on repeatability and reproducibility, estimated from the coefficient of variation (CV); accuracy, estimated from multiple K and relative Sp and sensitivity (Se). Two serum panels, positive for non-equine retroviruses and the most frequent …

The Use Of Papain And Benzyl Isothiocyanate As Anthelmintics For Equine Strongyles, Abigail Maxey

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects

Seeds of Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) are a promising source of investigation for a novel anthelmintic to treat equine strongyle infestation. Strongyles are small redworms that attach to the intestinal wall in the equine. They can cause colic, poor hair coat, poor body condition, and, in severe cases, death. The objective of this study was to determine if benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and papain, two compounds found in papaya seeds, could be used to prevent migration of third stage cyathostome larvae (L3) in vitro using larval migration inhibition assays. The assays involved incubating larvae in solution, followed by larval migration through …

Evaluation Of Circulating Mirnas During Late Pregnancy In The Mare, Shavahn C. Loux, Kirsten E. Scoggin, Jason E. Bruemmer, Igor F. Canisso, Mats H. T. Troedsson, Edward L. Squires, Barry A. Ball

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs which are produced throughout the body. Individual tissues tend to have a specific expression profile and excrete many of these miRNAs into circulation. These circulating miRNAs may be diagnostically valuable biomarkers for assessing the presence of disease while minimizing invasive testing. In women, numerous circulating miRNAs have been identified which change significantly during pregnancy-related complications (e.g. chorioamnionitis, eclampsia, recurrent pregnancy loss); however, no prior work has been done in this area in the horse. To identify pregnancy-specific miRNAs, we collected serial whole blood samples in pregnant mares at 8, 9, 10 m of gestation …

Out In The Cold: Ingredients In Over-The-Counter Cold Medicines Can Wreak Havod On A Trainer's Livelihood And An Owner's Prized Racehorse, Clara Fenger, Tanya Boulmetis, Thomas Tobin

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Trap-Neuter-Return Programs And The Importance Of Associated Public Awareness, Nicolette Sliwa

Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works

The focus of this paper is to describe a typical Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) program and highlight the major pros and cons surrounding this somewhat controversial method of managing the overwhelming free-roaming cat population. The effects of the species’ overabundance on the environment and human health are also discussed. Citing studies completed on TNR programs around the globe as well as mathematical models, the effectiveness of this method is compared to other, currently used alternatives. Finally, it has been suggested that the general awareness level a neighborhood possesses about the true goals of TNR programs has a potentially significant impact on the …

Ebola Virus - Epidemiology, Diagnosis, And Control: Threat To Humans, Lessons Learnt, And Preparedness Plans - An Update On Its 40 Year's Journey, Raj Kumar Singh, Kuldeep Dhama, Yashpal Singh Malik, Muthannan Andavar Ramakrishnan, Kumaragurubaran Karthik, Rekha Khandia, Ruchi Tiwari, Ashok Munjal, Mani Saminathan, Perumal Arumugam, Sunil Kumar Joshi

Bioelectrics Publications

Ebola virus (EBOV) is an extremely contagious pathogen and causes lethal hemorrhagic fever disease in man and animals. The recently occurred Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks in the West African countries have categorized it as an international health concern. For the virus maintenance and transmission, the non-human primates and reservoir hosts like fruit bats have played a vital role. For curbing the disease timely, we need effective therapeutics/prophylactics, however, in the absence of any approved vaccine, timely diagnosis and monitoring of EBOV remains of utmost importance. The technologically advanced vaccines like a viral-vectored vaccine, DNA vaccine and virus-like particles are …

Growing South Dakota (Spring 2017), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

This issue contains the 2016 South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station Annual Report.

[Page] 3 Opportunities With Oats SDSU Researchers Strive to Improve Varieties [Page] 6 Stopping Stem Canker Plant Pathologists Making Progress To Keep This Disease At Bay
[Page] 7 Disease Detectives Vet Scientists Researching Another Emerging Virus [Page] 8 Community Support Devastating West River Fire Brings Ag Industry Together
[Page] 10 Research In Progress Dakota Lakes Research Farm Investigates Three Big Ideas
[Page] 14 Water Quality Quest Understanding E. Coli Behavior Aims To Aid Water Quality In Rivers & Streams
[Page] 15 Verifying Ag Land Valuation Researchers Assist In …

Exogenous Lactobacilli Mitigate Microbial Changes Associated With Grain Fermentation (Corn, Oats, And Wheat) By Equine Fecal Microflora Ex Vivo, Brittany E. Harlow, Laurie M. Lawrence, Patricia A. Harris, Glen E. Aiken, Michael D. Flythe

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Cereal grains are often included in equine diets. When starch intake exceeds foregut digestion starch will reach the hindgut, impacting microbial ecology. Probiotics (e.g., lactobacilli) are reported to mitigate GI dysbioses in other species. This study was conducted to determine the effect of exogenous lactobacilli on pH and the growth of amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria. Feces were collected from 3 mature geldings fed grass hay with access to pasture. Fecal microbes were harvested by differential centrifugation, washed, and re-suspended in anaerobic media containing ground corn, wheat, or oats at 1.6% (w/v) starch and one of five …

Leaders Of The Pack: Women And The Future Of Veterinary Medicine, Julie Kumble, Donald F. Smith

Purdue University Press Book Previews

Veterinary medicine has undergone sweeping changes in the last few decades. Women now account for 55 percent of the active veterinarians in the field, and nearly 80 percent of veterinary students are women. However, average salaries have dropped as this shift has occurred, and even with women in the vast majority, only 25 percent of leadership roles are held by women.

These trends point to gender-based inequality that veterinary medicine, a profession that tilts so heavily toward women, is struggling to address. How will the profession respond? What will this mean for our students and schools? What will it mean …