Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Morphological Diagnosis Of Johne?S Disease: A Case Report In Cattle, Siddharth Gautam, Chitra Joshi, Amol Gurav, Chandrakanta Jana, Anil Kumar Sharma

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present case report deals with the morphological (gross and histopathological) and histochemical characterization of Johne?s disease in a cow. The carcass was presented in a hidebound condition with sunken eyes and with a history of persistent and nonresponsive diarrhea. Necropsy revealed generalized gelatinization of the visceral and peripheral fat. Thorough gross examination unveiled major pathological changes in the digestive tract. The gallbladder was distended, with severely thickened walls and blood mixed with bile. The small intestine was severely congested and the mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged. The opening of the small intestine showed marked thickening of the intestinal walls, …

The National Wildlife Strike Database: A Scientific Foundation To Enhance Aviation Safety, Richard A. Dolbeer, Michael J. Begier, John R. Weller

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) National Wildlife Strike Database (NWSD) documents reports of civil aircraft collisions with wildlife in USA. The NWSD has been managed by the Wildlife Services Program of the U.S. Department of Agriculture through an interagency agreement since its inception. Although the NWSD includes about 170,000 reports of civil aircraft collisions with wildlife (97% birds) from 1990-2015 (14,000 in 2015), the overriding focus has been the quality control of data entered for over 90 variables ranging from species and numbers of wildlife struck, location and time of day, phase and height of flight, aircraft type, components …

To Live And Fly In La: Using Bird Strike And Management Program Information To Improve Safety At Airports In The Los Angeles Basin, Todd J. Pitlik, Elizabeth Hermann, Eric Peralta, Brian E. Washburn

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Wildlife-aircraft collisions (wildlife strikes) pose a serious safety risk to aircraft. Wildlife strikes can be evaluated at different levels, include efforts to examine these problems at the national, regional, or state level, or for an individual airport. Similarly, wildlife strikes involving individual wildlife species or guilds can be examined at varying scales. Although wildlife strike analyses at the national, regional, or species/guild level are valuable, airport-specific analyses are essential for the effective implementation and evaluation of integrated wildlife damage management programs as these actions are conducted at the airport level. The species that present hazards to safe aircraft operations varies …

Chesapeake Bay Nutria Eradication Project: 2017 Update, Margaret Pepper, Kevin Sullivan, Robert Colona, Jonathan Mcknight

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Nutria, a semi-aquatic, South American rodent, was introduced to Maryland during the early 1940s. Originally brought to the area for fur farms, the market never established and animals were released or escaped. Nutria thrived, destroying coastal wetlands which resulted in negative environmental and economic impacts to the Chesapeake Bay region. To preserve and protect valuable wetland resources, the Chesapeake Bay Nutria Eradication Project (CBNEP) was established in 2002 through a partnership between the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the United States Department of Agriculture’s Wildlife Services, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, and many state agencies and non-governmental organizations. Since …

Anticoagulant Rodenticide Residues In Game Animals In California, Stella C. Mcmillin, Robert H. Poppenga, Shannon C. Chandler, Deana L. Clifford

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are used to control rodents around homes, buildings, and in agriculture. They have been found widely in predatory and scavenging wildlife as a result of secondary exposure and less commonly in herbivores and omnivores from primary exposure. While predators and scavengers have been monitored for AR exposure, very little information is available about AR residues in edible muscle tissue of game animals. Game animals may be exposed to ARs through direct consumption of bait, ingestion of contaminated food or vegetation, or consumption of contaminated prey items. Carcasses of three species of game animals (black bear, wild pigs, …

Evaluation Of A Field-Deployable Reverse Transcription-Insulated Isothermal Pcr For Rapid And Sensitive On-Site Detection Of Zika Virus, Mariano Carossino, Yanqiu Li, Pei-Yu A. Lee, Chuan-Fu Tsai, Pin-Hsing Chou, Dennis Williams, Ashley Skillman, R. Frank Cook, Grayson Brown, Hsiao-Fen G. Chang, Hwa-Tang T. Wang, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

Background: The recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil and its precipitous expansion throughout the Americas has highlighted the urgent need for a rapid and reliable on-site diagnostic assay suitable for viral detection. Such point-of-need (PON), low-cost diagnostics are essential for ZIKV control in vulnerable areas with limited resources.

Methods: We developed and evaluated a ZIKV-specific field-deployable RT-iiPCR reagent set targeting the E gene for rapid detection of ZIKV in ZIKV-spiked human and mosquito specimens, and compared its performance to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) RT-qPCR assays targeting the E …

An In-Depth Look At Stall Contamination: A Total Of 28 Substances Were Identified In Charles Town Ship-In Stalls As A Mix Of Human Medications And Recreational Substances With Some Actual Equine Medications, Clara Fenger, Maria Catignani, Jake Machin, Thomas Tobin

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Pul37 Tegument Protein Guides Alphaherpesvirus Retrograde Axonal Transport To Promote Neuroinvasion, Alexsia L. Richards, Patricia J. Sollars, Jared D. Pitts, Austin M. Stults, Ekaterina E. Heldwein, Gary E. Pickard, Gregory A. Smith

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

A hallmark property of the neurotropic alpha-herpesvirinae is the dissemination of infection to sensory and autonomic ganglia of the peripheral nervous system following an initial exposure at mucosal surfaces. The peripheral ganglia serve as the latent virus reservoir and the source of recurrent infections such as cold sores (herpes simplex virus type I) and shingles (varicella zoster virus). However, the means by which these viruses routinely invade the nervous system is not fully understood. We report that an internal virion component, the pUL37 tegument protein, has a surface region that is an essential neuroinvasion effector. Mutation of this region rendered …

Avs Corner, December 2017, Farzana Ferdous (Advisor), Caitlin Mathews, Emily Alexander, Brooke Redmond, Meghan Courey, Erika Jones, Wendy Guzman, Peyton Voirin, Morgan Forte

AVS Corner

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Monosodium Glutamate On Heart Beat And The Embryonic Development Of Zebrafish, Naowarat Suthamnatpong, Aranya Ponpornpisit

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on zebrafish, Danio rerio, embryo was investigated at different concentrations of ten-fold dilution of ten times lesser than the median lethal concentration (LC50). Zebrafish embryos in the MSG treated groups (40,000 ppm and 80,000 ppm) reached highest mortality rate at 100 % within 48 hpf and 96 hpf which is significantly different (p<0.05) from negative control group. According to the Probit analysis, the LC50 of MSG on zebrafish embryo at 48 hpf and 96 hpf were 15,200 ppm and 10,300 ppm, respectively. Under the observation, effects based on the toxicity endpoint composed of lethal, sublethal and malformation effects appeared within 144 hpf. Exposure to MSG at 1,500 ppm and 150 ppm significantly produced sublethal effects and malformation development to zebrafish embryo. MSG induced cardiotoxic effects in zebrafish embryo was observed at 15, 150 and 1,500 ppm. Our results demonstrate that zebra fish embryo is a good model for the detection of toxic potential of chemical substances. Also, our data suggest the need to reconsider the safety of MSG and elucidate its mechanism of adverse reaction in further studies.

Treatment Of Cloacal Papilloma With 50% Silver Nitrate Solution In Chestnut-Fronted Macaws (Ara Severus), Thawat Lekdumrongsak, Wijit Banlunara

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Cloacal papilloma is commonly found in Amazon parrots and macaws. There are many treatment options for cloacal papilloma. Chemical cautery is one of the recommended methods. In this study, 6 mature chestnut-fronted macaws (Ara severus) with cloacal papilloma were treated weekly with 50% silver nitrate solution. All tumors completely regressed after 2 to 5 weeks of treatment. One bird died after the second treatment from another cause. Three months after the last treatment, one bird died from internal papilloma in the esophagus and the crop. Recurrence was found in one bird at 6 months after the last treatment. The result …

Ostrich As A Possible Source Of Pathogenic Strains Of Clostridium Difficile, Seyed Mohsen Jafari, Gholamali Kalidari, Seyed Mostafa Peighambari, Jamshid Razmyar

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is known as the most important causative agent of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis in human. According to recent studies, food animals, especially poultry, are known as carriers for toxin harboring C. difficile. Since ostrich farming is a growing industry in Iran, the characterization and genotyping of C. difficile isolates in ostriches are very important for public health. A total of 100 fecal samples were collected from 10 ostrich farms located in the north-east of Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. The samples were cultured anaerobically. Multiplex PCR was applied in order to detect tcdB, tcdA, cdtA and cdtB genes …

Seroprevalence And Molecular Detection Of Lawsonia Intracellularis From Asymptomatic Horses In Korea, Yeonsu Oh, Md Mukter Hossain, Ho-Seong Cho

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The study was performed to investigate the prevalence pattern of Lawsonia intracellularis in horses in Korea via serology and molecular detection. Total of 138 horse sera and 112 fecal samples, in pairs with sera, were collected from five provinces across the country. The sera were analyzed using blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) to detect L. intracellularis-specific antibodies and the fecal samples were evaluated by the real-time PCR assay to detect DNA of L. intracellularis. Results showed that 94% of the horses had antibodies and the younger the age, the higher the seropositivity; “<2 years” (92%), “2-5 years” (96%), “6-10 years” (94%), and “>10 years” (93%). DNA of L. intracellularis …

Frontoethmoidal Meningoencephalocele With Multiple Congenital Craniofacial And Skeletal Malformations In A Stillborn Puppy, Promporn Raksaseri, Wuthichai Klomkleaw

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A one-and-a-half-year-old Shih-Tzu bitch went into natural labor after full term of her first pregnancy, giving birth to 4 puppies. One of them was a male which died at birth, 104 grams in weight and 12 centimeters in length. This puppy showed several facial abnormalities and skeletal deformities. It was preserved in 10% formalin for anatomical, histopathological, and radiographic studies. Gross anatomical study revealed congenital anomalies of the eyes including anophthalmia of the left eye and microphthalmia of the right eye. Malformations of the ears including anotia of the left ear and microtia of the right ear were observed. Evidence …

Identification Of Mycobacteria From Unhealthy And Apparently Healthy Aquarium Fish Using Both Conventional And Pcr Analyses Of Hsp65 Gene, Mahdi Seyfahmadi, Seyyed Reza Moaddab, Azar Sabokbar

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Seventy-eight unhealthy and forty-two apparently healthy looking freshwater aquarium fish belonging to twenty-six different species were collected from local aquarium stores in different cities and were investigated for the presence of mycobacteria in north-western Iran by culture and molecular methods. Using the culture method, Mycobacterium sp. was isolated from 31.6% of the fish (38 cases), while it was obtained in 30.8% (37 cases) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for a 439 bp fragment of the heat shock protein 65kD gene (hsp65). Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were seen on the smears of 27 samples (22.5%) by direct microscopic examination method of …

Ophthalmology Snapshot, Nalinee Tuntivanich

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A twelve-year-old, female Miniature pinscher had presented to the Ophthalmology Clinic, Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University with sudden ocular pain on the right eye. It was disclosed from history taking that the dog always jumped onto furniture. It was three days that she began to show blepharospasm and squinting on the right eye, in particular. Ophthalmic examination revealed mild to moderate eyelid swelling. Blepharospasm was apparent. The dog was not relaxed during examination. Menace response and dazzle reflex were negative. Pupil was fully dilated. Fundus was unclear from retro-illumination.

What Is Your Diagnosis?, Nan Choisunirachon, Chutimon Thanaboonnipat

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A eighteen kilogram, 7 year-old, castrated male, Bangkeaw dog.

Effect Of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids From Rubber Seed Kernel On Reproductive Performance In Dairy Heifers, Nawarat Pha-Obnga, Chalong Wachirapakorn, Suneerat Aiumlamai

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from rubber seed kernel (RSK) on growth performance and reproductive performance in dairy heifers. Twelve healthy and cycling Holstein Friesian dairy heifers were randomly divided into two dietary treatments as control group (TMR without RSK; (mean±SD) 31.82±4.25% PUFAs out of 2.65% total fatty acids) and RSK group (TMR containing RSK at 6.16%; 43.93±1.26% PUFAs out of 3.55% total fatty acids). TMR in both treatments consisted of roughage to concentrate ratio of 70:30 and each dietary treatment was formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. PUFA …

Re-Estimation Of Supplemented Methionine As Total Sulfur Amino Acid Requirement For Commercial Male Meat-Type Ducks, Kriengkrai Prahkarnkaeo, Kiattawee Choowongkomon, Boonorm Chomtee, Choawit Rakangthong, Chaiyapoom Bunchasak

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The total sulfur amino acid (TSAA) requirements of commercial meat-type ducks were investigated by feeding diets supplemented with graded levels of DL-methionine (DL-met) compared with the standard recommendation for the strain during 3 growth phases. Five hundred male White Pekin ducklings were divided into 4 treatments, each of which consisted of 5 replicates (25 each) using a completely randomized design. From the birds aged 1-9 and 10-16 days, TSAA deficit diet significantly depressed growth rate and feed intake (P<0.05). During 10-16 days of age, the growth rate of the birds fed TSAA at 110% of the commercial requirement was faster than that of the 100% group, with the increase in growth rate and feed intake paralleling the TSAA intake (P<0.01). No significant effects of the TSAA level on productive performance of the birds from age 17-47 days were found. At the age of 47 days, increasing the TSAA levels up to 120% tended to decrease abdominal fat content (P=0.08), and significantly decreased blood uric acid concentration (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in carcass components and lipid profile in the serum. The TSAA level for optimum growth rate and FCR in commercial meat-type ducks is 100-110% of the recommended level for the strain, except during 10-16 days of age when 110% is recommended.

A Survey Of Quality Of Oils Used In Thai Pig Farms, Alongkot Boonsoongnern, Prapassorn Boonsoongnern, Pichai Jirawattanapong, Nattavut Rattanavanichroj, Pariwat Poolperm

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Oil is commonly added into pig diets to increase energy in animal feed formulation. Fifty-eight oil samples: 1) crude coconut oil (n=11), 2) crude palm oil (n=6), 3) refined palm oil (n=6), 4) crude soybean oil (n=4), 5) refined soybean oil (n=5), 6) crude rice bran oil (n=6), 7) crude chicken oil (n=6), 8) crude lard (n=5) and 9) used oil (n=9) from pig farms, feed mills and traders in Thailand were collected and analyzed for quality by measurement of pH, percentage of total polar compounds (% TPC), peroxide value (PV), free fatty acid (FFA), iodine value (IV), percentage of …

Investigation Into Antimicrobial Resistance, Enterotoxin And Cassette Chromosome Gene Of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates From Humans, Cows And Goats In Taiwan, Chi-Shih Chu, Han Hsiang Huang, Shou-Heng Chiang, Chi-Chung Chou, Jyh-Mirn Lai, Wen-Ling Shih, Chih-Hsuan Changchien, Heng-Ching Lin, Shih-Te Chuang, Yao-Chi Su

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MDR S. aureus) is predominately present in humans and animals. Staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) is one of the representative toxins produced by S. aureus. The drug resistance patterns, presence of eighteen SE genes and staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) in S. aureus strains isolated from human cellulitis, septicemia, mastitis and farmed ruminant mastitis were investigated and analyzed. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) accounted for 51.35% (76/148) and 48.65% (72/148), respectively. Both MSSA and MRSA carried sea (15%), seb (30.8%) and sek (27.5%) genes. Eighty percent of the MRSA strains (52/65) belonged to SCCmec types I, …

Effect Of A Mixture Of Essential Oils And A Plant-Based Extract For The Management Of Localized Superficial Pyoderma In Dogs: An Open-Label Clinical Trial, Lerpen Duangkaew, Lawan Larsuprom, Chalermpol Lekcharoensuk, Charles Chen

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A mixture of essential oils and a plant-based extract in the form of shampoo and spot-on were shown to have in vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. The purpose of this open-label clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of these two products for the management of canine localized superficial pyoderma. Twenty dogs diagnosed with 3-4 localized pyoderma lesions were enrolled. The dogs were bathed weekly for 8 weeks with shampoo and 48 hours later, spot-on was applied near the lesions. Clinical lesions and pruritus scores were subjectively assessed using a clinical improvement score system (1-5) and a pruritic visual …

Zika Virus Encoding Nonglycosylated Envelope Protein Is Attenuated And Defective In Neuroinvasion, Arun Saravanakumar Annamalai, Aryamav Pattnaik, Bikash R. Sahoo, Ezhumalai Muthukrishnan, Sathish Kumar Natarajan, David Steffen, Hiep Vu, Gustavo A. Delhon, Fernando Osorio, Thomas M. Petro, Shi-Hua Xiang, Asit K. Pattnaik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

ABSTRACT Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus responsible for sporadic outbreaks of mild and febrile illness in Africa and Asia, reemerged in the last decade causing serious human diseases, including microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Although genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that genetic evolution may have led to the enhanced virulence of ZIKV, experimental evidence supporting the role of specific genetic changes in virulence is currently lacking. One sequence motif, VNDT, containing an N-linked glycosylation site in the envelope (E) protein, is polymorphic; it is absent in many of the African isolates but present in all isolates from the …

Development Of An Animal Model For Enterovirus For Evaluation D68 For Screening Of Antiviral Therapies, W. Joseph Evans

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) virus has become more prevalent over the last 15 to 20 years. EV-D68 attacks the respiratory system and can cause severe disease in individuals who have underlying respiratory problems. There have also been reports of individuals with EV-D68 showing signs of neurological system problems and acute flaccid paralysis. Because of the increase in patients with EV-D68 and also the potential for neurological disease, an animal model is needed to study the disease and to evaluate experimental therapies for EV-D68 infection.

To develop the animal model, 4-week old AG129 mice that lack alpha and beta interferon receptors, making …

Delayed Ovarian Resumption In Holstein Lactating Cows: Association With Elevated Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Levels During Early Postpartum Period, Damri Darawiroj, Promporn Raksaseri, Prapruddee Piyaviriyakul, Surasak Jitthakhot, Sudsaijai Kornmatitsuk, Chowalit Nakthong, Jitkamol Tanasak, Bunlue Kornmatitsuk

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The present study was aimed to investigate body condition, hepatic insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF binding protein (BP)-1 and growth hormone receptor (GHR) mRNA abundance and specific energy metabolites in association with delayed ovarian resumption in Holstein lactating cows. Of 10 cows studied, 5 cows had normal ovarian resumption (NR group), whereas the remaining 5 cows had delayed ovarian resumption (AB group) within 7 wks after calving. No significant differences in mean BW and BCS between the two groups were observed (P > 0.05). In addition, mean hepatic IGF-1, IGFBP-1 and GHR mRNA abundance of the NR and AB groups was …

Short-Term Effect Of Coconut Oil Supplementation On Meal Pattern In Crossbred Dairy Goats Fed Under Tropical Environment, Sumpun Thammacharoen, Thiet Nguyen, Somchai Chanpongsang, Narongsak Chaiyabutr

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Eating behavior is influenced by various external stimuli, including food and ambient temperature (Ta). In dairy animals, high ambient temperature (HTa) decreases eating and subsequently reduces milk production. Eight crossbred non-lactating Saanen goats in late pregnancy fed under HTa condition were used to investigate the normal eating behavior by comparing the short-term eating pattern of control with 2% coconut oil supplemented formulations. The goats were fed ad libitum twice daily a total mix ration with free access to water. The experiment lasted 17 days, 9 days for adaptation and 8 days for data collection. Meal patterns were determined on the …

Investigation Into The Effect Of Prostaglandin F2a, Gnrh Analogue And Hcg On Induction Of Ovulation In Mares, Kanittha Phetudomsinsuk

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

In order to prove the effect of “fixed time service”, this study aimed to determine reproductive efficiency of hormone manipulation to induce ovulation and improve pregnancy rate. Estrus cycles of fifty mares were monitored every other day until ovulation by ultrasound (control group). Six days after ovulation, all mares received 5 mg prostaglandin F2a in order to synchronize estrus cycle. Reproductive tract monitoring was continued until the follicle reached the size of 35 mm and uterine edema was scored 2. Then, the mares were randomly assigned into four groups and treated with different ovulation stimulation methods: T1, spontaneous ovulation (n=10); …

Effects Of Induced Subacute Ruminal Acidosis And Laminitis On Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein, Cortisol And Progesterone Levels In Dairy Heifers, Suvaluk Seesupa, Chalong Wachirapakorn, Suneerat Aiumlamai

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a predisposing cause of laminitis and results in an inflammatory response in dairy cattle. However, the link between SARA associated with laminitis and inflammation and the endocrinal profiles related to reproduction has not been clearly demonstrated. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of high concentrate-induced SARA and laminitis on the changes in lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), cortisol and progesterone in dairy heifers. Six treated heifers were induced by feeding concentrate ad libitum with restricted amounts of rice straw (1 kg DM/day), while six control heifers were restrictively fed amounts of concentrate (2.2 kg …

Freezability And Fertility Of Thai Native Chicken Semen In Different Diluents, Pachara Thananurak, Napapach Chuaychu-Noo, Thevin Vongpralub

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The objective of the present study was to compare the efficacy of three diluents on post-thaw motility, viability, and fertility of frozen chicken semen. Semen from Thai native cocks (Pradu Hang Dam; n=24) was collected, pooled, and randomly allocated into three groups, then diluted at a ratio of 1:3 (v:v) with Schramm, EK, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-based medium. The diluted semen samples were cooled down to 5ºC and then mixed with Dimethylformamide (DMF) (6% v/v). Semen straws were subjected to cryopreservation using liquid nitrogen vapor method. For cryopreserved sperm quality assessment, the frozen semen straws were thawed, and motility was assessed …

Effects Of Centrifugation And Removal Of Seminal Plasma On Motility Of Fresh Boar Sperm, Olivia Bury, Victoria Mcrae, Jose Len, Kate Plush, Roy N. Kirkwood

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Extended semen from 6 boars was centrifuged and then gently resuspended (CR), had the supernatant decanted to remove residual seminal plasma and resuspended in new extender (CD), or served as non-treated controls. Measures of sperm motility were assessed immediately after centrifugation and then every 24 h until 96 h using a computer-assisted sperm analyser. Total and progressive sperm motilities were reduced (P<0.05) by 48 h in CD. Total motility was not affected in CR sperm but progressive motility was reduced (P<0.05) at 72 h. Changes with time were very similar for VSL, VAP, VCL and BCF. Control values remained relatively stable but VCL, VSL, VAP and ALH were lower within minutes of centrifugation and decanting of CD sperm. Both CR and CD treatment values for all variables were lower (P<0.05) from 3 d. These data indicate that centrifugation can negatively affect boar sperm motility and that even the small amount of residual seminal plasma in fresh-extended boar semen has a protective role. Sperm age-associated reduced motility can be countered with caffeine.