Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Effect Of Gender And Jumping Exercise On Leukocyte Number, Dopamine And Prolactin Levels In Horses, Anna Assenza, Francesca Arfuso, Francesco Fazio, Claudia Giannetto, Maria Rizzo, Alessandro Zumbo, Giuseppe Piccione

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Physical exercise is one of the most physiologically stressful stimuli which cause animal to experience reversible alterations in various homeostatic variables. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gender and jumping exercise on leukocyte, dopamine and prolactin values and the correlation among these parameters in 20 clinically healthy and regularly trained horses. The horses took part in a three-day jumping competition. Blood sampling was performed before the first day of competition (T0), within 10 minutes from the end of each race (J1, J2, J3) and 24 h after the end of J3 race (T24) in order …

Evaluation Of Two Cryopreservation Protocols On Cauda Epididymal Spermatozoa Characteristics In Domestic Cats, Kanokwan Thammapradit, Suppawiwat Ponglowhapan

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Various protocols of feline spermatozoa cryopreservation have been reported and used in clinical practice. To compare the quality of post-thawed epididymal spermatozoa subjected to two different sperm freezing protocols, sperm samples were collected from domestic cats (n=7) after castration and divided into 2 aliquots as for Protocol 1 (P1) or Protocol 2 (P2). In P1, after centrifugation, sperm pellets were extended with Tris-based egg yolk extender (TEY) containing 3% glycerol and held for 60 min (5°C) prior to the second dilution (1:1) with 7% glycerol and 1% Equex STM Paste. The straws were frozen by lowering the goblets in three …

Crossover Feeding Test Of A New Milk Mixture For Giant Panda (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca) Cubs, Zhihe Zhang, Rong Hou, Jingchao Lan, Hairui Wang, Tatsuko Nakao, Zenta Takatsu, Toyokazu Kobayashi, Hiroshi Koie, Hiroshi Kamata, Kiichi Kanayama, Toshi Watanabe

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A milk substitute developed in 1988 (OM) has been used to feed giant panda cubs, but its contents do not match those of panda breast milk. OM contains 10% more protein than the breast milk, and so a novel milk substitute (NM) was developed based on breast milk data. NM has the following nutrition: protein, 38%; fat, 40%; carbohydrates, 12% (containing lactose, 7%); ash, 6%; and moisture, 3%; and it also contains lactoferrin, nucleotides, oligosaccharides and docosahexaenoic acid. In order to ensure that NM is safe before it is fed to premature newborns, a plan was made to subject twin …

Effect Of Interferential Current Therapy On Ground Reaction Force In Dogs With Hip Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Cross-Over Clinical Trial, Rutaitip Upariputti, Monchanok Vijarnsorn, Sirirat Niyom, Sujitra Boonyong

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of interferential current therapy on ground reaction force and orthopedic assessment score of canine patients with hip osteoarthritis. Nine dogs that met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Each dog received 3 types of treatment: interferential current therapy (IFC), sham current therapy (SHAM), and control treatment (CTR). The order of the treatments for each dog was assigned by block randomization method. A 24-hour interval was applied between each treatment session. Subjective orthopedic assessment and objective force plate gait analysis were used as measurement of clinical improvement in this …

Prevalence Of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus & Feline Leukemia Virus In Clinically Healthy Cats In Khon Kaen Province, Kawintra Aiyaranoi, Nichapart Boonchalaew, Natcha Chawnan, Sukdiphat Chotiku, Jaruwan Kampa

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

FIV and FeLV infections are mostly studied among clinically sick cats; therefore, results may deviate from the true prevalence in a whole population. By using a commercially available kit, the infections were observed in 216 clinically health client-owned cats in Khon Kaen province, Thailand. A cross-sectioned study was undertaken to estimate the presence of FIV and FeLV infections in the cats which underwent health checkup from October 2016 to January 2017. The prevalence of FIV-antibody positive and FeLV-antigenic cats were 6.1% and 3.1%, respectively, and co-infection was not identified. The updated information provides necessary guidelines for veterinarians to provide preventive …

Prevalence Of Bacteremia In Dogs Admitted To An Intensive Care Unit With Intravenous Catheterization, Pattrarat Chanchaithong, Sukullaya Ritthikulprasert

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Bacteremia is a common complication in hospitalized patients, and intravenous catheterization is a routine intervention in dogs in intensive care units (ICU). This study aimed to investigate bacteria associated with bacteremia in an ICU of a veterinary teaching hospital during 2013-2014. Fifty dogs admitted to the ICU were included in this study. Twenty-four dogs (48.00%) presented bacteremia by blood culture. Bacterial species were identified, including Klebsiella pneumoniae (8/24), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7/24), Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (3/24), Escherichia coli (2/24), Bacillus sp. (1/24), Acinetobacter sp. (2/24) and Burkholderia cepacia (1/24). Only five dogs had positive catheter colonization by identical bacterial species with those …

Ecg Quiz, Chollada Buranakarl, Saikaew Sutayatram, Chutamas Benjanirut, Piyasiri Glangosol

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

What Is Your Diagnosis?, Nan Choisunirachon

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Promotion Of Lactobacillus Plantarum On Growth And Resistance Against Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease Pathogens In White-Leg Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei), Thi Thuy Giang Nguyen, Thi Chinh Nguyen, Montira Leelakriangsak, Thu Thuy Pham, Quoc Hung Pham, Chokchai Lueangthuwapranit, Van Duy Nguyen

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), or early mortality syndrome (EMS), causes high mortality in cultivated penaeid shrimps, which leads to heavy losses for shrimp farming industry. V. parahaemolyticus with a toxin PirAB-encoding extrachromosomal plasmid are considered as common pathogenic agents. The present study aimed to assess the effects of potential probiotics on growth and resistance of shrimp to AHPND infection. Results confirmed typical clinical signs and histopathological features in AHPND-infected shrimps. Among 11 Vibrio isolates from AHPND-infected shrimps, strain XN9 was the most virulent and was identified as V. paraheamolyticus using AP3-based PCR amplification and API 20E kits. In vitro …

Ophthalmology Snapshot, Nalinee Tuntivanich

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Symptomatic Improvements Observed By Switching To Alacepril From Other Ace-Inhibitors In Dogs With Mitral Valve Regurgitation, Akiko Uemura, Lina Hamabe, Kazumi Shimada, Miki Shimizu, Ryou Tanaka

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Alacepril is an ACE-inhibitor (ACE-I), which has unique properties including peripheral sympathoinhibitory effect and negative chronotropic effect, and it is suspected to have a superior cough suppressive effect in comparison to other ACE-Is. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether switching to alacepril from other ACE-Is will alleviate the clinical symptoms of congestive heart failure (CHF) caused by mitral valve regurgitation (MR). The prospective clinical study included 73 client-owned dogs with MR that had been treated with ACE-Is other than alacepril for over a period of one month. The ACE-Is were replaced by alacepril and observed for four …

Solexa Sequencing Of Novel And Differentially Expressed Micrornas In Maternal Placenta Of Holstein Cattle With Retained Fetal Membranes, Chengyuan Zheng, Xiao Zou, Yao Liu, Hongjia Lin, Chunhai Luo, Shixin Fu

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and play an important role in the development and function of organs and cells in cattle. This study identified novel and differentially expressed miRNAs in the maternal placenta of Holstein cattle with retained fetal membranes (6 cows for each group). The study found 4,596,223 reads that matched the bovine genome in the normal maternal placenta library (5,930,853 reads in total), and found that a total of 4,270,190 reads were present in the retained fetal membrane maternal placenta library (5,367,946 reads in total). In the present study, 36 novel bovine miRNAs were identified in …

Incidence Of Brucellosis In Aborted Animals And Occupationally Exposed Veterinary Professionals Of Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Azmatullah Khan, Muhammad Shafee, Naimatullah Khan, Attaur Rahman, Rafiullah Rafiullah, Ijaz Ali, Imad Khan, Sadeeq Ur Rahman

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Brucellosis in animals is a serious global health concern mainly due to its zoonotic nature and association with heavy economic losses. Brucellosis has been reported randomly from different parts of Pakistan; however, the prevalence of brucellosis in animals and humans in Bannu District, as well as overall epidemiological data of the country, is missing. The present study reports on the occurrence of brucellosis in domestic animals and its cross-circulation among occupationally exposed human population in Bannu District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 223 (animals=100, animal handlers=73, veterinary staff=50) serum samples were collected and subjected to serum plate agglutination test …

Repeatability And Comparison Of Train-Of-Four Responses At Thoracic And Pelvic Limbs Using Electromyography In Anesthetized Dogs, Nattika Koatsang, Sirirat Niyom, Monchanok Vijarnsorn, Chalermpol Lekcharoensuk

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The aims of this study were to evaluate the repeatability of neuromuscular transmission (NMT) monitoring by electromyography and to compare train-of-four (TOF) responses of thoracic limbs to those of pelvic limbs in dogs after atracurium administration. Seven healthy dogs were enrolled in the study. The dogs were anesthetized with midazolam, morphine, propofol and isoflurane three times with a washout period of seven days. Two treatments of atracurium and electromyography-based neuromuscular monitoring were performed under each anesthesia. The dogs were randomly assigned to undergo either left or right side and either thoracic or pelvic limb for the first treatment and then …

Effects Of Housefly Larvae (Musca Domestica) Dehydrated Meal On Production Performances And Sensory Properties Of Broiler Meat, Stamen Radulović, Marija Pavlović, Dragan Šefer, Shivani Katoch, Milan Hadži-Milić, Dragoljub Jovanović, Svetlana Grdović, Radmila Marković

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The trial included 100 one-day-old broilers, Cobb 500, of both sexes, divided into the two groups, 50 broilers in each. The experiment lasted 42 days and was conducted in three phases: days 1-7, days 8-21 and days 22-42. The control group of broilers (C) was fed a mixture of standard composition (basal diet), while the experimental group (O-I) received the same diet but with the addition of dehydrated housefly larvae in the amount of 5% (% as fed basis) in the starter diet and 4% in grower and finisher diets. Production results (body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption and …

Lipidomic Analysis Of Immune Activation In Equine Leptospirosis And Leptospira-Vaccinated Horses, Paul L. Wood, Margaret Steinman, Erdal Erol, Craig Carter, Undine Christmann, Ashutosh Verma

Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Faculty Publications

Currently available diagnostic assays for leptospirosis cannot differentiate vaccine from infection serum antibody. Several leptospiral proteins that are upregulated during infection have been described, but their utility as a diagnostic marker is still unclear. In this study, we undertook a lipidomics approach to determine if there are any differences in the serum lipid profiles of horses naturally infected with pathogenic Leptospira spp. and horses vaccinated against a commercially available bacterin. Utilizing a high-resolution mass spectrometry serum lipidomics analytical platform, we demonstrate that cyclic phosphatidic acids, diacylglycerols, and hydroperoxide oxidation products of choline plasmalogens are elevated in the serum of naturally …

Cognitive Dysfunction In Naturally Occurring Canine Idiopathic Epilepsy, Rowena M.A. Packer, Paul D. Mcgreevy, Hannah Salvin, Michael Valenzuela, Chloe M. Chaplin, Holger A. Volk

Neurology Collection

Globally, epilepsy is a common serious brain disorder. In addition to seizure activity, epilepsy is associated with cognitive impairments including static cognitive impairments present at onset, progressive seizure-induced impairments and co-morbid dementia. Epilepsy occurs naturally in domestic dogs but its impact on canine cognition has yet to be studied, despite canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) recognised as a spontaneous model of dementia. Here we use data from a psychometrically validated tool, the canine cognitive dysfunction rating (CCDR) scale, to compare cognitive dysfunction in dogs diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy (IE) with controls while accounting for age. An online cross-sectional study resulted in …

An Epidemiologic Study Of Antimicrobial Resistance Of Staphylococcus Species Isolated From Equine Samples Submitted To A Diagnostic Laboratory, Ronita Adams, Jackie Smith, Stephan Locke, Erica Phillips, Erdal Erol, Craig N. Carter, Agricola Odoi

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Background

Antimicrobial resistance limits traditional treatment options and increases costs. It is therefore important to estimate the magnitude of the problem so as to provide empirical data to guide control efforts. The aim of this study was to investigate the burden and patterns of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among equine Staphylococcus samples submitted to the University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (UKVDL) from 1993 to 2009. Retrospective data of 1711 equine Staphylococcus samples submitted to the UKVDL during the time period 1993 to 2009 were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, that included 16 drugs, were performed using cultures followed …

Phylogenetic Analysis And Characterization Of A Sporadic Isolate Of Equine Influenza A H3n8 From An Unvaccinated Horse In 2015, Chithra C. Sreenivasan, Sunayana S. Jandhyala, Sisi Luo, Ben M. Hause, Milton Thomas, David E. B. Knudsen, Pamela Leslie-Steen, Travis Clement, Stephanie E. Reedy, Thomas Chambers, Jane Christopher-Hennings, Eric Nelson, Dan Wang, Radhey S. Kaushik, Feng Li

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

Equine influenza, caused by the H3N8 subtype, is a highly contagious respiratory disease affecting equid populations worldwide and has led to serious epidemics and transboundary pandemics. This study describes the phylogenetic characterization and replication kinetics of recently-isolated H3N8 virus from a nasal swab obtained from a sporadic case of natural infection in an unvaccinated horse from Montana, USA. The nasal swab tested positive for equine influenza by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Further, the whole genome sequencing of the virus confirmed that it was the H3N8 subtype and was designated as A/equine/Montana/9564-1/2015 (H3N8). A BLASTn search revealed …

Effects Of Kernel Processing At Harvest Of Brown Midrib Corn Silage On Finishing Performance Of Steers, Lauren A. Ovinge, F. Henry Hilscher, Curtis J. Bittner Bittner, Bradley M. Boyd, John N. Anderson, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A 2 × 3 factorial finishing study evaluated kernel processing in three corn silage hybrids on finishing performance of yearling steers fed 40% silage. The three hybrids included a control corn silage (CON), a brown midrib (bm3), and a brown midrib with a softer endosperm (bm3-EXP). No interactions were observed between hybrids and kernel processing (P > 0.45). Feeding both bm3 hybrids increased dry matter intake and average daily gain over CON (P < 0.01). Cattle fed bm3-EXP and bm3 had lower feed to gain than CON (P = 0.04), with no differences between the two brown midrib hybrids. Feeding silage that has undergone kernel processing decreased dry matter intake with similar average daily gain, which decreased feed to gain by 2.6% at 40% inclusion compared to non-processed silage (P = 0.10). The improvement in silage is calculated to be 6.5% (2.6/40) when kernel processing was utilized as compared to not kernel processing the corn silage hybrids.

Assessment Of Clinical And Blood Gas Parameters In Healthy And Diarrhoeic Calves, Patrick Dillane

Theses

Neonatal calf diarrhoea (NCD) is a major problem to calf health worldwide. Metabolic acidosis, electrolyte imbalances are common complications of NCD, consequently, blood gas analysis is regarded as the gold standard test to assess of severity of these abnormalities in diarrhoeic calves. The objective of this research was to develop blood gas reference ranges for neonatal calves accounting for influencing physiological and environmental factors. As this disease is commonly treated by primary producers, previously published clinical assessment scoring chart was also analysed and compared to gold standard blood gas, in addition to next- generation biomarkers for severity diagnosis for NCD. …

Impact Of Ramaekers Immune Primer On Finishing Beef Cattle Performance And Liver Abscess Rate, Hannah C. Wilson, F. Henry Hilscher, Bradley M. Boyd Boyd, Jim C. Macdonald, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A feedlot study was conducted comparing a natural feed additive (Ramaekers Immune Primer) to Tylan or nothing on receiving and finishing performance. There were no differences for final BW, ADG, F:G, HCW, marbling, LM area, or fat thickness due to treatment. Liver abscess incidence and severity were reduced in steers fed Tylan, no differences were noted between Ramaekers Immune Primer and no additive. There was no difference in number of cattle treated for respiratory illness. Steers on the Ramaekers Immune Primer treatment had lower feed intake during the receiving period but had similar ADG and numerically better F:G at day …

Effect Of Backgrounding System On Performance And Profitability Of Yearling Beef Steers, Cody A. Welchons, Robby G. Bondurant, F. Henry Hilscher Hilscher, Andrea K. Watson, Galen E. Erickson, Jim C. Macdonald

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Five summer management strategies were compared following grazing corn residue through winter. Cattle were assigned to be 1) summer finished, 2) graze bromegrass, 3) graze bromegrass and fed distillers grains at 0.6% of BW, 4) backgrounded in a drylot pen to gain 1.70 lb/d, or 5) backgrounded in a drylot pen to gain 2.35 lb/d. Results differed by year, however, in general as backgrounding ADG increased, days required on feed to reach an equal fat endpoint decreased. In year 1, ADG of cattle grazing bromegrass was less than cattle backgrounded in pens. There was no difference in finishing ADG for …

Effect Of Continuous Or Rotational Grazing On Growing Steer Performance And Land Production, Cody A. Welchons, Robby G. Bondurant, F. Henry Hilscher Hilscher, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Andrea K. Watson, Jim C. Macdonald

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Individual animal performance and animal production per acre were evaluated for steers grazing smooth bromegrass over 2 consecutive years. Treatments consisted of steers continuously grazing smooth bromegrass and initially stocked at either 4.0 animal unit months (AUM)/ac (HI) or 2.8 AUM/ac (LO) or steers rotationally grazing smooth bromegrass and initially stocked at 4.0 AUM/ac (ROT). Average calculated stocking rate for the LO, HI, and ROT treatments was greater than initial stocking rates due to the use of put and take animals. In vitro organic matter digestibility and crude protein of rotationally grazed pastures was relatively constant as the grazing season …

Effects Of Movement And Activity Behavior In A Pasture System Compared To Time, Jace R. Stott, Mitchell B. Stephenson, Kathryn J. Hanford Hanford

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

During the summer of 2016 seventeen cows were fitted with Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking collars to evaluate activity characteristics of cattle on rangelands. Data collected included daily distance traveled, average distance from water, daily time spent at water, daily area covered, and percent of day spent active (traveling or grazing). These variables were analyzed weekly to assess changes in behavior as time within pastures increased during three time periods of the growing season. Based on data collected from mid-May to mid-September, cattle showed little changes throughout the grazing season as to levels of activity through different periods of a …

Statistics Used In The Nebraska Beef Report And Their Purpose

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The purpose of beef cattle and beef product research at UNL is to provide reference information that represents the various populations (cows, calves, heifers, feeders, carcasses, retail products, etc) of beef production. Obviously, the researcher cannot apply treatments to every member of a population; therefore he/ she must sample the population. The use of statistics allows the researcher and readers of the Nebraska Beef report the opportunity to evaluate separation of random (chance) occurrences and real biological effects of a treatment. Following is a brief description of the major statistics used in the beef report. For a more detailed description …

Impact Of Winter Supplementation Of May Calving Cows And Heifer Development System In Two Different Breeding Seasons On Subsequent Growth And Reproduction, Shelby A. Springman, Alicia C. Lansford, Jacqueline A. Musgrave Musgrave, John Nollette, Andy Applegarth, Richard N. Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

In Exp. 1, May-calving cows were utilized to evaluate the effects of winter supplementation on heifer progeny. Cows grazed either dormant upland winter range with or without a protein supplement or grazed dormant meadow with or without a protein supplement. In Exp. 2, replacement heifers from March and May calving herds were offered ad libitum meadow hay and 4 lb/d supplement or grazed meadow and offered 1 lb/d supplement from mid-January to mid-April. Calf weaning BW and ADG from birth to weaning was less for calves from cows grazing winter range with no supplement compared with all other dam treatments. …

Effect Of Injectable Trace Mineral On Reproductive Performance In Beef Heifers, Shelby A. Springman, John Maddux, Mary E. Drewnoski Drewnoski, Richard N. Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Trace minerals serve an essential role in regulating reproduction. Free-choice trace mineral supplementation is often provided to grazing beef cattle. An injectable trace-mineral solution used with free-choice trace minerals may be beneficial before breeding to improve mineral status. Therefore, Red Angus-based, May-born heifers were utilized to determine the effects of an injectable trace mineral on reproductive performance. Pregnancy rates did not differ between heifers injected with a trace mineral and heifers that received no injection. Injectable trace mineral at CIDR insertion 33 d before artificial insemination did not influence reproductive performance in heifers with adequate trace mineral status.

Evaluating Methods Of Estimating Forage Intake By Grazing Cattle, Aaron J. Shropshire, Walter H. Schacht, Jerry D. Volesky Volesky

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Two methods of estimating forage intake of grazing cattle were compared to clipped estimates in 4-pasture rotational grazing systems on Sandhills subirrigated meadow from mid-May through early August over a 4-year period. Clipping standing vegetation samples within a pasture before and after cattle grazing provides for an accurate estimate of forage removal during a grazing period. A less laborious method of intake estimation commonly used is based on a percentage of an animal’s liveweight. University Extension and some federal agencies use a 2.3% factor and others such as the Natural Resources Conservation Service use a 2.7% factor. In this study …

Letrozole: A Steroid-Free Estrous Synchronization Method, Sarah M. Romereim, Sarah C. Tenley, Mohamed A. Abedal-Majed Majed, Jeffrey W. Bergman, Scott G. Kurz, John S. Davis, Jennifer R. Wood, Andrea S. Cupp

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Most bovine estrous synchronization protocols utilize progesterone plus estrogen to control ovulation timing. A drug that inhibits estrogen production (Letrozole) may be an alternative, steroid-free synchronization method (not yet commercially available). However, low estrogen can negatively affect the health of follicles/oocytes and impact fertility. To determine its effects, Letrozole was administered intramuscularly while tracking follicle growth and circulating hormones. Letrozole response was variable. Two of three cows experienced delayed luteolysis/ovulation and extended progesterone production. This preliminary data indicates that Letrozole treatment allows normal follicle progression but drug response may vary and little is known about effects on oocyte quality.